EDUCATION. See Aid to Education; Constitutional Law, II, 3;
IV; Judicial Review, 2; Schools, 1-2.
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES. See Aid to Education; Constitu-
tional Law, IV; Schools, 1.
ELECTIONS. See also Voting Rights Act, 1-4.
Inability to pay filing fee-Impending filing deadline-Injunc-
tion.-Given the possibility that appellee, who asserted inability to
pay California's filing fee for candidacy for Congress, would prevail
on the merits and the fact that his opportunity to be a candidate
would have been foreclosed in face of impending filing deadline
absent interim relief, District Court did not abuse its discretion in
granting preliminary injunction. Brown v. Chote, p. 452.
ELECTRIC UTILITY COMPANIES. See Administrative Proce-
dure, 2-3; Federal Power Commission; Judicial Review, 3.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. See Constitutional Law, II, 3; Judi-
cial Review, 2; Schools, 2.
ELEVENTH AMENDMENT. See Fair Labor Standards Act.
EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEES. See Civil Rights Act of 1964,
1-3; Fair Labor Standards Act.
Narcotics agents-Supplying essential ingredient-Predisposition
to commit offenses.-Entrapment defense did not bar conviction of
respondent in view of evidence of his involvement in making the
drug before and after agent's visits, and his concession "that he
may have harbored a predisposition to commit the charged offenses."
Nor was the agent's infiltration of the drug-making operation of
such a nature as to violate the fundamental principles of due process.
United States v. Russell, p. 423.
ENTRY OF JUDGMENT. See Appeals, 2; Judgments; Procedure,
6.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. See Constitutional
Law, VI; Federal-State Relations, 2.
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, See
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1-3.
EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAWS. See Constitutional Law,
II, 1-3; Elections; Judicial Review, 2; Pleas, 2; Procedure, 3;
Schools, 2; Voting Rights Act, 1-4; Waivers.
EQUITABLE DECREES. See Aid to Education; Constitutional
Law, IV; Schools, 1.
EQUITY. See Abstention; Civil Rights Act of 1871, 2; Injunc-
tions; Optometry; Procedure, 5.
ERROR. See Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1; Constitutional Law, V;
Evidence; Standing.
ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS. See Entrapment.
ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION. See Aid to Education; Con-
stitutional Law, IV; Schools, 1.
ESTATE TAXES. See Taxes, 2.
EVIDENCE. See also Administrative Procedure, 1; Constitu-
tional Law, V; Judicial Review, 1; Rivers and Harbors Act
of 1899, 1–2; Standing.
Harmless error-Cumulative evidence-Statements of coconspira-
tors.-Testimony erroneously admitted was merely cumulative of
other overwhelming and largely uncontroverted evidence properly
before the jury, and the police testimony as to statements by peti-
tioners implicating each other introduced into evidence in a manner
contrary to Bruton v. United States; 391 U. S. 123, was harmless
error. Brown v. United States, p. 223.
EVIDENTIARY HEARINGS. See Pleas, 1; Procedure, 2.
EXEMPTIONS FROM ANTITRUST LAWS. See Antitrust Acts;
Federal Maritime Commission.
EXEMPTIONS FROM STATE TAXES. See Indians, 2; Taxes, 3.
EXHAUSTION OF REMEDIES. See Abstention; Civil Rights
Act of 1871, 2; Habeas Corpus, 2; Injunctions; Optometry;
Procedure, 5, 9.
EXPECTATIONS OF PRIVACY. See Constitutional Law, V;
Evidence; Standing.
FAILURE TO PAY FILING FEES. See Appeals, 1; Procedure, 7.
FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT.
Suit by state employees-Immunity of State Secretary of
Labor.-Although 1966 amendments to the Act extended coverage
to state employees, the legislative history discloses no congressional
purpose to deprive a State of its constitutional immunity to suit in
federal forum by employees of its nonprofit institutions. The
amendments' extension of coverage to state employees is not without
meaning as Secretary of Labor is thereby enabled to bring remedial
action on their behalf under § 17 of the Act. Employees v. Missouri
Public Health Dept., p. 279.
FAIR MARKET VALUE. See Taxes, 2.
FAIR WARNINGS. See Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 1-2.
FALSE WEIGHTS. See Administrative Procedure, 6; Judicial
Review, 4.
FAMILY ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS. See Constitutional Law,
II, 1.
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. See Constitutional
Law, VI; Federal-State Relations, 2.
FEDERAL ESTATE TAXES. See Taxes, 2.
FEDERAL INSTRUMENTALITY. See Indians, 2; Taxes, 3.
FEDERALISM. See Abstention; Civil Rights Act of 1871, 2; In-
junctions; Optometry; Procedure, 5.
FEDERAL JURISDICTION. See Civil Rights Act of 1871, 1;
Jurisdiction, 1–2.
FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION. See also Antitrust Acts.
Approval of agreements-Shipping Act, 1916-Exemption from
antitrust laws.-In enacting § 15 of the Act, Congress conferred on
the FMC the power to exempt from the antitrust laws agreements,
or those portions of agreements, between carriers that create an
ongoing arrangement in which both parties undertake continuing
responsibilities, and which therefore necessitate continuous FMC
supervision, but not one-time acquisition-of-assets agreements that
result in one of the contracting parties ceasing to exist. FMC v.
Seatrain Lines, Inc., p. 726.
FEDERAL POWER ACT. See Administrative Procedure, 2-3;
Federal Power Commission; Judicial Review, 3.
FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION. See also Administrative Pro-
cedure, 2-4; Judicial Review, 3; Taxes, 4.
Authorization to issue bonds-Anticompetitive effects-Electric
utility companies.-The FPC, as a general rule, must consider the
anticompetitive consequences of a security issue under § 204 of the
Federal Power Act, as the Act did not render antitrust policy irrele-
vant to the FPC's regulation of the electric power industry. Gulf
States Utilities Co. v. FPC, p. 747.
FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD. See Administrative Procedure,
5; Constitutional Law, III; Penalties.
FEDERAL RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE. See Ap-
peals, 2; Judgments; Procedure, 6.
FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE. See Appeals, 2;
Judgments; Procedure, 6.
FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. See Pleas, 1;
Procedure, 2, 10; Waivers.
FEDERAL-STATE RELATIONS. See also Civil Rights Act of
1871, 3; Constitutional Law, VI; Habeas Corpus, 2; Indians,
1-2; Pollution; Procedure, 9; Taxes, 1-3.
1. Florida Oil-Spill Prevention and Pollution Control Act-No pre-
emption by Federal Water Quality Improvement Act.-Florida's Act,
providing for State's recovery of cleanup costs and imposing strict,
no-fault liability on waterfront oil-handling facilities and ships
destined for or leaving such facilities for any oil-spill damage, does
not, in context of action by shipping interests to enjoin application of
Florida statute, invade regulatory area pre-empted by Federal Water
Quality Improvement Act. Nor is State's police power over sea-to-
shore pollution pre-empted by Admiralty Extension Act. Askew v.
American Waterways Operators, Inc., p. 325.
2. Regulation of aircraft noise-City ordinance-Federal Aviation
Administration.-In light of pervasive nature of scheme of federal
regulation of aircraft noise, as reaffirmed and reinforced by the Noise
Control Act of 1972, the FAA, now in conjunction with the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, has full control over aircraft noise,
pre-empting state and local control. City of Burbank v. Lockheed
Air Terminal, p. 624.
FEES. See Appeals, 1; Elections; Procedure, 7.
FIFTH AMENDMENT. See Administrative Procedure, 5; Armed
Forces; Constitutional Law, III; Entrapment; Penalties.
FILING FEES. See Appeals, 1; Elections; Procedure, 7.
FINAL JUDGMENTS. See Appeals, 2; Judgments; Procedure, 6.
FINANCE CHARGES. See Administrative Procedure, 5; Consti-
tutional Law, III; Penalties.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. See Constitutional Law, II, 1.
FINANCING EDUCATION. See Constitutional Law, II, 3; Judi-
cial Review, 2; Schools, 2.
FIRST AMENDMENT. See Aid to Education; Constitutional
Law, IV; Schools, 1.
FISCAL PLANNING. See Constitutional Law, II, 3; Judicial
Review, 2; Schools, 2.
FLORIDA OIL-SPILL PREVENTION AND POLLUTION CON-
TROL ACT. See Federal-State Relations, 1; Pollution.
"FLOW THROUGH." See Administrative Procedure, 4; Taxes,
“FOUR INSTALLMENT RULE." See Administrative Procedure,
5; Constitutional Law, III; Penalties.
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT. See Constitutional Law, I, 2;
II, 1-3; Elections; Judicial Review, 2; Pleas, 2; Probation;
Procedure, 3; Schools, 2; Voting Rights Act, 1-4.
FOURTH AMENDMENT. See Constitutional Law, V; Evidence;
Standing.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. See Constitutional Law, II, 3; Judi-
cial Review, 2; Schools, 2.
GEORGIA. See Voting Rights Act, 1-4.
GOOD-BEHAVIOR-TIME CREDITS. See Civil Rights Act of
1871, 3; Habeas Corpus, 2; Procedure, 9.
GOOD-FAITH RELIANCE. See Aid to Education; Constitutional
Law, IV; Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 1-2; Schools, 1.
GOVERNMENT AGENTS. See Entrapment.
GOVERNMENT SUPPLYING CONTRABAND. See Entrapment.
GRAND JURIES. See Pleas, 2; Procedure, 3, 10; Waivers.
GROSS RECEIPTS TAX. See Indians, 2; Taxes, 3.
GUILTY PLEAS. See Pleas, 1-2; Procedure, 2-3.
HABEAS CORPUS. See also Civil Rights Act of 1871, 3; Pleas,
2; Procedure, 3-4, 9-10; Waivers.
1. Release on recognizance-In custody.-Restraints imposed on
petitioner who was released on his own recognizance constitute
"custody" within meaning of federal habeas corpus statute. Hensley
v. Municipal Court, p. 345.
2. State prisoners-Speedier release-Civil Rights actions.-When
state prisoner challenges the fact or duration of his physical im-
prisonment and by way of relief seeks a determination that he is en-
titled to immediate release or speedier release, his sole remedy is a
writ of habeas corpus. Preiser v. Rodriguez, p. 475.
HARMLESS ERROR. See Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1; Consti-
tutional Law, V; Evidence; Standing.
HEARINGS. See Administrative Procedure, 1-3; Constitutional
Law, I, 2; Federal Power Commission; Judicial Review, 1;
Pleas, 1; Probation; Procedure, 2, 8.
HIRING PRACTICES. See Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1–3.
HOLLYWOOD-BURBANK AIRPORT. See Constitutional Law,
VI; Federal-State Relations, 2.
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