to this rule, the proceeding, matter, or part thereof shall continue as if filed as a civil action in the district court on the date it was filed in the court of bankruptcy.

Rule 916. Subpoena.

Rule 45 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure applies in bankruptcy cases, except that subpoenas may be issued in the name and under the authority of the bankruptcy judge and need not be under the seal of the court.

Rule 917. Evidence.

The Federal Rules of Evidence apply in bankruptcy cases, subject to specific provisions in these rules governing matters of evidence.

Rule 918. Secret, confidential, scandalous, or defamatory matter.

On application or on its own initiative the court may make any order which justice requires (1) to protect the estate or any person in respect of a trade secret or other confidential research, development, or commercial information, or (2) to protect any person against scandalous or defamatory matter contained in any paper filed in a bankruptcy case. If an order is entered under this rule without notice, any person affected thereby may move to vacate or modify the order, and on notice the court shall determine such motion.

Rule 919. Compromise and arbitration.

(a) Compromise.-On application by the trustee or receiver and after hearing on notice to the creditors as provided in Rule 203 (a) and to such other persons as the court may designate, the court may approve a compromise or settlement.

(b) Arbitration.-On stipulation of the parties to any controversy affecting the estate the court may authorize the matter to be submitted to final and binding arbitration.

Rule 920. Contempt proceedings.

(a) Contempt committed in proceedings before referee. (1) Summary disposition by referee.-Misbehavior prohibited by § 41a (2) of the Act may be punished summarily by the referee as contempt if he saw or heard the conduct constituting the contempt and it was committed in his actual presence. The order of contempt shall recite the facts and shall be signed by the referee and entered of record.

(2) Disposition by referee upon notice and hearing.— Any other conduct prohibited by § 41a of the Act may be punished by the referee only after hearing on notice. The notice shall be in writing and shall state the time and place of hearing, allowing a reasonable time for the preparation of the defense, and shall state the essential facts constituting the contempt charged and whether the contempt is criminal or civil or both. The notice may be given on the referee's own initiative or on motion by a party, by the United States attorney, or by an attorney appointed by the referee for that purpose. If the contempt charged involves disrespect to or criticism of the referee, he is disqualified from presiding at the hearing except with the consent of the person charged.

(3) Limits on punishment by referee.-A referee shall not order imprisonment nor impose a fine of more than $250 as punishment for any contempt, civil or criminal.

(4) Certification to district judge.-If it appears to a referee that conduct prohibited by § 41a of the Act may warrant punishment by imprisonment or by a fine of more than $250, he may certify the facts to the district judge. On such certification the judge shall proceed as for a contempt not committed in his presence.

(b) Contempt committed in proceedings before district judge. Any contempt committed in proceedings before a district judge while acting as a bankruptcy judge shall be prosecuted as any other contempt of the district court.

(c) Right to jury trial.-Nothing in this rule shall be construed to impair the right to jury trial whenever it otherwise exists.

Rule 921. Entry of judgment; district court record of referee's judgment.

(a) Original entry on referee's docket.-A judgment in an adversary proceeding or contested matter shall be set forth on a separate document. Every judgment shall be entered forthwith in the referee's docket as provided in Rule 504 or, if the judgment is by the district judge, in the civil docket as provided in Rule 79 (a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A judgment is effective only when entered as required by this subdivision.

(b) District court record of referee's judgment.—On certification by the referee to the clerk of the district court of a copy of a judgment of the referee for the recovery of money or property, the clerk shall keep and index the copy in substantially the form and manner prescribed by Rule 79 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for judgments of the district court. Retention and indexing of a judgment by the clerk under this subdivision shall not affect its appealability or proceedings on appeal from the judgment under the rules in Part VIII, the availability of process to enforce the judgment under Rule 769, or the availability of relief under Rule 762 or 770, but after it has been so indexed, the referee's judgment shall have the same effect and may be enforced as a judgment of the district court so indexed.

Rule 922. Notice of judgment or order.

(a) Judgment or order of a referee.-Immediately upon the entry of a judgment or order made by him, the referee shall serve a notice of the entry by mail in the manner provided by Rule 705 upon any party who opposed the making of the judgment or order and on such

other persons as may be designated by the referee. The service of such notice shall be noted in the referee's docket. Lack of notice of the entry does not affect the time to appeal or relieve or authorize the court to relieve a party for failure to appeal within the time allowed, except as permitted in Rule 802.

(b) Judgment or order of district judge.-Notice of a judgment or order of a district judge while acting in a bankruptcy case pursuant to Rule 102 is governed by Rule 77 (d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 923. New trials; amendment of judgments.

Except as provided in Rule 307, Rule 59 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure applies in bankruptcy cases. Rule 924. Relief from judgment or order.

Rule 60 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure applies in bankruptcy cases, except that a motion to reopen a case or for the reconsideration of an order allowing or disallowing a claim against the estate entered without a contest is not subject to the one-year limitation therein prescribed. This rule does not permit extension of the time allowed by § 15 of the Act for the filing of a complaint to revoke a discharge.

Rule 925. Security: Proceedings against sureties.

Whenever these rules require or permit the giving of security by a party, and security is given in the form of a bond or stipulation or other undertaking with one or more sureties, each surety submits himself to the jurisdiction of the court, and his liability may be enforced in an adversary proceeding governed by the rules in Part VII.

Rule 926. Exceptions unnecessary.

Rule 46 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure applies in bankruptcy cases.

Rule 927. Local bankruptcy rules.

Each district court by action of a majority of the judges thereof may from time to time make and amend rules governing practice and procedure under the Act not inconsistent with these rules. Copies of rules and amendments so made shall upon their promulgation be furnished to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. The clerk of each court shall make appropriate arrangements, subject to the approval of the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, for making copies of such rules available to members of the public who may request them. In all cases not provided for by rule, the district court may regulate its practice in any manner not inconsistent with these rules.

Rule 928. Jurisdiction unaffected.

These rules shall not be construed to extend or limit the jurisdiction of courts of bankruptcy over subject matter.