Public Finance in Theory and Practice

adjustment aggregate demand applied approach assets benefits billion bracket budget capital gains capital income categorical grants changes choice considered consumer consumer surplus consumption consumption tax corporation tax cost debt deduction demand depreciation distribution dollar earnings economic effective rate efficient employment equal equilibrium equity expenditure tax factor federal Figure finance fiscal Fiscal Federalism function given grants growth important imposed increase indifference curves inflation investment involves jurisdictions labor low-income major marginal cost measured Moreover nonrival noted output payments payroll tax percent percentage preferences problem profits programs progressive taxation property tax public sector public services purchases rate of return ratio redistribution reduced reflected result rise sales tax saving schedule share shown social Table tax base tax burden tax incidence tax rate tax revenue taxation taxpayers United utility value-added tax various voters wage wealth welfare