officers wounded, missing, or prisoners 1,042, and men 5,363— it meant that these losses had all been incurred by the navy. To this total were to be added 14,661 officers and men of British merchant ships and fishing craft who lost their lives, and 3,295 who were taken prisoners in the submarine warfare.

It seemed probable that the Germans killed in actual sea warfare were considerably less than one-half as many as the British total.1

12

12 Principal Sources: The London Times' "History of the War"; The Herald, The Times, The Evening Post, The Literary Digest, The Tribune, New York; The Times (London); Associated Press reports; British and German official reports, including that of Admiral Jellicoe, and Jellicoe's book, "The Grand Fleet, 1914-1916" (George H. Doran Co.); also United Press dispatches.

PERSONAL SKETCHES

THE TREATY OF PEACE

AND A

CHRONOLOGY OF THE WAR

Part I

PERSONAL SKETCHES OF WAR LEADERS

MARSHAL FOCH INSPECTING A GERMAN FORT ON THE RHINE

AT MAINZ AFTER THE ARMISTICE

Above the stonework in the picture rises the colossal statue of "Germania"

I

MILITARY AND NAVAL LEADERS

(Arranged alphabetically as to surname)

SIR EDMUND ALLENBY, BRITISH COMMANDER IN PALESTINE AND SYRIA

Allenby, the conqueror of Palestine and Syria, who ended his campaign at Aleppo, and then entered Constantinople, was one of those unpretentious Englishmen with quiet voice and manners, who at a meeting frequently fail to impress the unobservant and unthinking. With a touch of gentleness, he was a man of few words and long vision. Courteous and kindly he did not aim to shine in small talk. Men who never see below the surfaces of things did not recognize the tenacity and clearness of brain which marked him out only to such as have eyes to see. He was regarded with respect and almost reverence by Eastern peoples with whom he had been long associated, which was an indication of his character. He was fifty-seven when he completed his conquests in Asiatic Turkey.

As a boy he had been sent to Haileybury College. At Haileybury an important part of a boy's education consists in acquiring manners, upright conduct, and skill in outdoor sports-in other words, manliness. Under this system, unless a boy has great aptitude in that direction, mere bookish pursuits sometimes suffer. More precious than all else to the average English father and mother is the atmosphere of these schools, carefully adapted to turning out English gentlemen-not in the loose, but in the noble, sense of the word. At Haileybury Allenby was noted for high spirits and quickness of comprehension, but left no record of distinction in scholastic attainments, altho he did manifest an interest in literature which deepened and broadened as time went on. After he began his soldier's life with a commission in the Dragoons, he grew into a picture of the dashing cavalry officer, filled with zest for the picturesque career which the position opened up, but with a vein of seriousness not often found in young fellows from aristocratic circles in the British Army. Allenby had strong stuff in him, and meant to make good. He soon had opportunities of

showing that he was no carpet knight.

When 23, Allenby was serving in the Bechuanaland expedition. Four years later he fought in Zululand, and became an adjutant.