bureaus, each bureau composed of one member from each of the three groups. These bureaus receive and hear cases and disputes regarding matters other than wages not reserved for consideration by the full board and make recommendations to the full board." Bureau No. 1 has jurisdiction over matters relating to clerks, station employees, telegraphers, and analogous groups of workers; Bureau No. 2 is concerned with the shop crafts and maintenance-of-way workers; and Bureau No. 3, with men in the train and yard service and roundhouse employees.

The Staff. The administrative staff includes the Secretary, whose appointment is authorized in the law, the Assistant Secretary, and the usual corps of employees necessary in such an organization for the operation of the institutional services." The fune tional services of the staff are conducted by two divisions, the Statistical Division and the Division of Dockets. The former, under a Chief Statistician, investigates the validity of the voluminous technical exparte testimony submitted by the parties in proceedings before the board and prepares the statistical and economic data necessary for due evaluation by the board members of the seven factors" which the law requires them to consider in rendering their decisions, and compiles for publication such reports as to wages and working conditions as the law directs the board to publish." The Division of Dockets is under a Supervisor of Dockets whose duties are analogous to a clerk of court."

10

14

House Hearings on Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill for 1922, vol. 1, p. 637.

"Disbursing officer, messenger, telephone operator, etc.

12

See page 48, supra.

13 See page 165.

14 Since the above was written there have been several important court decisions relating to the powers of the Board. The most important was the decision of the Supreme Court of February 19, 1923 (Pennsylvania R. R. Co. vs. U. S. Railroad Labor Board 43 Sup. Ct. 278), which upheld the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in its reversal of a decision of the U. S. District Court of the Northern District of Illinois, which had enjoined the Board from entertaining further jurisdiction and publishing its opinion on the action of the Pennsylvania Railroad in declining to comply with the mode of selection of employee representatives indicated by the Board. (See Monthly Labor Review, XVI, 835-38.)

APPENDIX I

OUTLINE OF ORGANIZATION

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Outlines of Organization in this series of monographs have for their purpose to make known in detail the organization and personnel possessed by the several services of the national government to which they relate. They have been prepared in accordance with the plan followed by the President's Commission on Economy and Efficiency in the preparation of its outlines of the organization of the United States government. They differ from those outlines, however, in that whereas the Commission's report showed only organization units, the presentation herein has been carried far enough to show the personnel embraced in each organization unit.

These outlines are of value not merely as an effective means of making known the organization of the several services. If kept revised to date by the services, they constitute exceedingly important tools of administration. They permit the directing personnel to see at a glance the organization and personnel at their disposition. They establish definitely the line of administrative authority and enable each employee to know his place in the system. They furnish the essential basis for making plans for determining costs by organization division and subdivision. They afford the data for a consideration of the problem of classifying and standardizing personnel and compensation. Collectively, they make it possible to determine the number and location of organization divisions of any particular kind, as, for example, laboratories, libraries, blue-print rooms, or any other kind of plant possessed by the national government, to what services they are attached and where they are located, or to determine what services are maintaining stations at any city or point in the United States. The Institute hopes that upon the completion of the present series, it will be

1

1 House Doc. 458, 62d Congress, 2d Session, 1912, 2 vols.

able to prepare a complete classified statement of the technical and other facilities at the disposal of the government. The present monographs will then furnish the details regarding the organization, equipment, and work of the institution so listed and classified.

The above outline includes only regular employees. For temporary services $11,524.77 was expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, and in the budget for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, there is an item of $20,000 for salaries in reporting service.

The board is divided into three bureaus for the purpose of conducting hearings and examining into the merits of disputes involving miscellaneous grievances between carriers and their employees and subordinate officials. Attached to these bureaus are two examiners, three schedule experts, and three senior clerks.

APPENDIX 2

CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Classification of Activities in this series have for their purpose to list and classify in all practicable detail the specific activities engaged in by the several services of the national government. Such statements are of value from a number of standpoints. They furnish, in the first place, the most effective showing that can be made in brief compass of the character of the work performed by the service to which they relate. Secondly, they lay the basis for a system of accounting and reporting that will permit the showing of total expenditures classified according to activities. Finally, taken collectively, they make possible the preparation of a general or consolidated statement of the activities of the government as a whole. Such a statement will reveal in detail, not only what the government is doing, but the services in which the work is being performed. For example, one class of activities that would probably appear in such a classification is that of "scientific research." A subhead under this class would be "chemical research." Under this head would appear the specific lines of investigation under way and the services in which they were being prosecuted. It is hardly necessary to point out the value of such information in planning for future work and in considering the problem of the better distribution and coördination of the work of the government. The Institute contemplates attempting such a general listing and classification of the activities of the government upon the completion of the present series.

CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES

Quasi-judicial Activities

1. Settlements or disputes involving grievances, rules, or working conditions between carriers and their employees or subordinate officers