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The beauteous flower beneath the tree,
The spell of the wildest witchery,
The gowd an' the gear, an' a' to ine,
Is my black but bonny Mary!

The poor wanderer then sung the following verses in a strain truly moving and melancholy. I think I have seen them, but cannot recollect where. He said they were Campbell's, but that I judge to be a mistake. I could only get off from singing, by a promise to give him a song in writing. He is still here.

I'll bid my heart be still,

And check each struggling sigh,

And there's none e'er shall know
My soul's cherish'd wo,

When the first tears of sorrow are dry.

They bid me cease to weep,
For glory gilds his name;
But the deeper I mourn,
Since he cannot return

To enjoy the bright noon of his fame.

While minstrels wake the lay,
For peace and freedom won,
Like my lost lover's kneli
The tones seem to swell,

And I hear but his death dirge alone.

My cheek has lost its hue,
My eye grows faint and dim,

But 'tis sweeter to fade

In grief's gloomy shade,

Than to bloom for another than him.

Mount Benger, Dec. 22d, 1828.

(Exeunt Omnes.

"A MERRY CHRISTMAS, AND A HAPPY NEWYEAR!"

By Thomas Gillespie, LL.D., Professor of Humanity in the University of St Andrews.

"Oh, to feel what I have felt,

And be what I have been !"

BYRON.

THE Roman saturnalia was a grand affair. It was one of those alleviations and they were more numerous than is generally supposed or admitted-by which the most abject and dependent condition of humanity is redeemed from absolute and unsunned darkness and misery. The poor slave of eleven months, who had been constrained to submit in silence to whim, caprice, and even cruelty, stood now excusable in the vindication of his right, to think, and to reason, and to remonstrate. By the courtesy of the most imperative of all laws,-" inveterate usage," he was entitled to re-enact the age of Gold, in all its endearing recollections of freedom and hilarity. From the 17th to the 20th or 22d of December, the whole familia" wore an aspect of hilarity and good will,-presents were interchanged,—courteous missives dispatched, boys went about in masquerade,-and the servant, in the nobler breathings of a more sacred emancipation, "was free from his master."

tories of Odin were gradually absorbed into that advancing faith, whose destiny remains yet for fuller accomplishment, the rejoicings of Yule-e'en most readily coalesced with the festivities of Christmas, and the advent of a brighter sun than ever gladdened the Scandinavian mountains, was hailed in festivities originally consecrated to the God of Day. Thus is our merry Christmas made up of the patch-work of Roman, Scandina vian, and Christian observances; and, like a river which in its progress from the dark immensity of its mountain distance, has gathered in and commingled stream after stream, it rushes upon our hearts and souls with a full and an overpowering tide of joyous association. He who enjoys health, and even the most pitiful competence, but who will not relax a little of his usual bearing and austerity at Christmas, is a forbidding, if not a dangerous, character. He may be many things,-and to some people, and in some relations of life, "every thing;" but one thing he is not, and cannot be," a good fellow."

But, after all, we are not beholden to such considera: tions as the above for our Christmas feelings and recollections. It is to the page of our own individual experience, during the light and cheery period of boyhood, that we are to refer, when we trace the cause of our present happiness. We knew not then-would to God that we could still, in many cases, continue in ignorance of the "whys and the wherefores" which lay at the foundation of a thousand delightful experiences; we knew not the great moral principle which set all the ends of the earth a-rejoicing and maddening at Christmas and the New Year; but we willingly gave way to the common movement, and floated on the stream-way of use and wont, as straws and feathers frisk and whirl under the impulse of a kindly breeze, on the lake or the pool's surface. Oh! we were so happy, that whilst the blood moves, and the brain images, we shall never lose signs and feeling of our happiness. How sacred, how solemn, is true and genuine happiness! It is not only twice blessed, but blessed and blessing for ever. It sits as the pebbled diamond of the mountain, radiating downward on the valley of life, through all its breadth and distance. To these higher points in our early experience of being, the heart ever returns,-around them it revolves in all its future aberrations and excitements,-till the boy of eighty, and the child of ninety, has learned, and is heard to confess, that age has nothing better to record or enjoy, than the sayings and feelings of early life.

I am half persuaded, that moonlight, and snow, and frost, and a powerfully-bracing atmosphere, with a sky blue as indigo, were regularly bespoke, (about forty years ago,) against the Christmas holidays. Oh, what evenings these were then, amidst the mountain land of my nativity! How the yellow moonlight slept on the hills' summ.it, whilst cleugh, and linn, and gullet, were shaded away into obscurity, whilst the hare hirpled across the sparkling brilliancy of a snow-covered lea, and the dog's bay, heard from the distance, was sufficiently alarming ever and anon to arrest her progress;—whilst the boy" was abroad" on his own Christmas eve, in all his glory, roaming in congregated glee, and with tongue and whistle of irrepressible delight, from house to house, and from fun to frolic, now moving, like Milton's Satan, "smooth-sliding without step," over the moony brightTo all these saturnalian orgies have succeeded the festi-ness of the icy pool, and anon calling into existence and vities and observances of the Christmas holidays, which have on this occasion, as well as on various others, contrived to ingraft Christian upon Pagan observances,-to fill those channels, which time and usage had wrought, with other and purer streams of recollection. The heathen temple and ceremony gave way, upon the introduction of a purer faith, to the Christian, but by a transition at once so gradual and imperceptible, that for centuries the walls, as well as the observances, of the Christian church, betrayed manifest evidence of their heathen origin. When the south came into contact with the north, and the vo

activity the distant echoes, to witness his feats on the bright and slippery steeps, or on the yet-bending and cracking ice-way of the half-frozen current.

But the eventful evening previous to the New Year's dawn has passed, with all its kind and affectionate ceremonial, as the clock measures out, in deliberate beat, the requiem of the departed twelvemonth, and lips have met and separated, which, ere another similar occasion, shall be separated by many a nountain and many a sea-by the deep earth, it may be, and the wildly-waving grass which covers it and the delighted family

figure in the page of endeared recollections; and are
there not many pens, at this very instant, employed on
the banks of the Ganges, or in the isles of the Atlantic,
in inditing references to fathers and mothers, brothers
and sisters, friends and companions, with whom the in-
nocent festivities of the season are inseparably and en-
dearingly associated? It is, therefore, under the fullest
conviction that I am actuated by the simple motive of
promoting my own and my readers' happiness, when I
conclude these hasty observations, by wishing them, in
the language of the season—" A happy New Year."
St Andrews, 20th Dec. 1828.

BURGER AND HIS WRITINGS.

By William Tennant, Esq., Author of
"Anster Fair," &c.

circle, "man, wife, and wean," has scattered away into a temporary repose, and the "falling stars have not only advised," but secured, the stilly silence of unbreathing sleep, and the visions of to-morrow have come in scarcely perceptible tinge and movement over the changing features of reposing youth,-and the morning star bas arisen and taken his station on the eastern summit, —and day has dawned in streaks and glow, and wavyflush, where the eye of the aroused boy can scarcely be assured of the joyous truth,—and " a happy new year" has resounded from Dan to Beersheba,-and the shepherd has travelled the muir and the moss, that his sweetheart may perceive his approach, ere her ears have been aroused by any other less welcome sound, and the arborescent window has been melted into clearness by the warm breath of the awakened inmate, and a winter blossoming more splendid by far than the hawthorn of spring is scen over hedgeway, furze, and forest-no breath of heaven will stir, no melting ray will penetrate, till man has witnessBURGER, Son of the curate of Wolmerswende, near ed, felt, and adored, the scene of enchantment which the landscape presents All this has taken place, and yet the Halberstadt, in Lower Saxony, was born on the first festivities and delights of the New Year are only begun. hour of the first day of January 1748. For a long time I care not for the riot and the ramble of a city New he was, both in mind and body, a weakly child; and at Year, nor the exulting swell which breaks upon the car of school was, like our Thomson, more frequently chidden night as the Tron clock numbers twelve,-nor for that re- for the dulness, than commended for the sharpness, of volting presence of tipsified hilarity which drags under his apprehension. His studies were commenced at the lamp-light so many niaudlin eyes and care-worn counte- gymnasiumn of Aschersleben, and were afterwards pronances, where, under the sound and the expression of joy, secuted at the Pædagogium and University of Halle. His there lies, not so deep, nor so imperceptible as to escape the grandfather, whose affection for him he has celebrated in song, had at first destined him for the church; afternotice of the most casual glance, the worm and the serwards for the bar; but both purposes were frustrated by pent-the coiled-up and lurking loathsomeness of a conscience, which the lapse of a few hours will awaken into the gaiety and restlessness of his disposition. Amid the fearful activity. My recollections are of the country, and debts and difficulties induced by his improvident behaof the people who inhabit it;—of the laborious class-viour at college, he was deserted by his grandfather, who es, in particular, in whom the respite and the variety of a season of rejoicing awaken an exquisite perception of enjoyment, and who, being happy themselves, are anxious to make common cause with every friend, relation, and neighbour, in the participation of happiness.

had hitherto affectionately supported him. A few noble young friends received him into their protection. He now entered vigorously upon his Greek and Latin studies, and at times displayed the dawning of his poetical talent in some humorous productions, which were read with applause to his club of congenial young spirits. Among his friends were Boie, Martin Muller, Voss, Cramer, and Count Stollberg.

In the year 1772, he obtained a situation of inferior rank in the justice-court of Altengleichen, in the principality of Calenberg. As this office neither well accorded with his disposition, nor had emoluments quite sufficient to maintain him, he soon threw it up; and, after having engaged in an expensive farming speculation at Appenrode, retired, in 1784, to Gottingen, where he gave prelections on composition and rhetoric. His appointment as professor was sanctioned by the government; but he was not fortunate enough to receive any salary.

These pleasing, and, in my apprehension, venerable, as well as salutary usages, are now fast dying out; like the men of other years, they are dropping off, one by one, whilst the rising generation is scarcely aware, in many instances, of their existence. This, I confess, is to me subject of regret. These observances, coming down to us as they do, from a remote antiquity, and from a state of society in many respects greatly differing from the present, serve the purpose, and exhibit the features, of the "wandering Jew." They are the embalined records of national manners, which, with greater fidelity than ever was exhibited in Catacombs of Egypt, show the frame and expression of bygone ages. I would During his residence at the farm of Appenrode, he go many a mile to see a Scotch "kirn" in the style I have witnessed it in early life. That joyous night of had lost his first wife; and soon afterwards married her relaxation, which, after the fatigues of harvest, came, sister, whom he celebrates in some of his most beautiwith a redeeming gladness, over heart, and pulse, and ful poems under the name of Molly. Death soon sepaframework, which united into one, master and servant, rated him from this adored person,-a terrible blow,-mistress and damsel-age and youth-austerity and the heaviest that could befall him, that brought him to light-heartedness, and at which "the laird himsell" has the grave's brink. From this time he never recovered been frequently known to show that he was neither lame fully his former vigour of health and vivacity of fannor sulky. Into what now has our immortal" Hallow-cy; and though he struggled on in the performance of een" shrunk and shrivelled? Into the memory of a thing gone by, or a few vague and spiritless efforts to burn a brace of nuts, or relate an anecdote or two of fairies and goblins. Periodical returns of seasons of innocent hilarity serve many good purposes. They are not only the" oases" of the desert, cheering the traveller with freshness and verdure-but they are the natural and effective provocatives to mutual love and kindly feeling.

When your family circle has been scattered, like the covey of plovers before the sportsman, and the breath of time, having withered, some has conveyed others into distant lands; when the letter returns with its annual outpouring of recollected endearments and affectionate remembrances, do not "Christmas and New-year's Day"

his various academical and other duties, neither his mind nor his poetry seems to have regained its former sprightly gaiety. Time, however, which consumes brass and marble, gradually diminished the bitterness of his grief for his adored Molly. He wished to give a mother to his three children, and once more, in connubial happiness, to relieve himself from the fatigues of his profession. Just at this time he happened to receive from Stutgart, in Suabia, a poem from a muse-smitten maiden, proffering him, in pretty-enough verses, heart, hand, and estate. Burger at first laughed at this whimsical proposal; but the satisfactory information given in answer to his queries regarding the lady, the advice of his friends, and the very romance of this unexampled proffer, to

prevailed upon him, that he returned a response in gentle rhymes, which led, notwithstanding a warning voice from Italy against it, to his union with this romantic Sappho of Suabia. The marriage took place in October 1790. A fabric of connubial bliss, built on such an unsure and fanciful foundation, soon gave way, and was supplanted, in its ideal zauberwerk, by the sad, killing realities of domestic discomfort and disagreement. The rest of Burger's life was embittered by this poetical spouse; and after a fretful cohabitation of two years and a half, he was compelled to divorce her by due form of law. Burger's health and good humour were now completely shattered by the unsuccessful issue of this connexion; he shut himself up henceforth in his chamber; fell dangerously sick in October 1793; and died in 1794 of pulmonary consumption. He seems to have been a man of good heart, full of kindness, affection, and philanthropy. Although seldom even in moderate circumstances, he was generous, so far as his means went, not only to his friends, but even to those that had injured or offended him. Though deceived often by others, he ever retained his ennobling opinion, generally, of the human heart; and his demeanour, albeit in particular instances extravagant or erring, was, on the whole, discreet and prudent. He was not covetous of external rank or wealth; he was ambitious only of fame, and the confession of his poetical supremacy. In company he obtruded no claims of notice; he was still and reserved, rather than noisy or usurping. He aped not the artifi. cial manners of the courtier or man of fashion; yet, notwithstanding his deficiency in courtly polish, he insinuated himself easily into the favours of the fair sex, by the genuine captivation of candid, open, and amiable

manners.

The poems of Burger deserve to be better known in Scotland. In some points of his moral and mental character he has been likened to our Robert Burns; but he is entitled, as a poet, to a higher rank than the Ayrshire peasant. For Burger, to the strength of original genius, superadded the cultivation of accomplished scholarship. His mind, equally alive as Burns's to the charms of Nature, and equally susceptible of the keenest and tenderest impressions, was subdued and refined by good taste and discipline, and had at command every classical grace and attraction. His tenderer productions remind one more of Waller than of Burns. His language, so far as a foreign ear may dare to be a judge of it, appears to be, of all the German poets, the most sweet and mellifluous. The cadence of his High Dutch periods has, indeed, in our ears, a charm of euphony as pleasing in its effect as the well-vowell'd trillings of Petrarch; whose sentiments and poetical workings have assuredly less nerve and originality than the Bard of Germany. In the Ballads, which are among his best productions, he has shown a wildness, a sepulchral pomp, and ghostly horror entirely his own; and he has, in these as well as his other poems, invigorated his verse by the copious use of the figure Onomatopoiia, an ornament which Quinctilian regrets that the Latin language, in comparison of Greek, so little allowed, and which, of all modern languages, the German, from its bold sounds and clashing combinations of consonants, so readily and eloquently admits. He has also, like the other poets of his country, though perhaps more sparingly than Schiller, made abundant use of compound substantives and compound adjectives, an adaptation which the German language possesses in common with Greek, Persic, and English, thereby giving to its poets the capability of greater force, richness, and compression. His best productions are, besides his addresses to his Molly, which are all beautiful, Leonora, Der Wilde Yager, Lenardo und Blondine, Die Elemente, Die Entfuhrung, Bruder Grauroch, Frau Schnips, &c. Of these, Leonora is known in several translations. But of all his effusions, we were most captivated by the short poem entitled,

Die holde die ich meine-a beautiful ditty-the most
elegant compliment that ever was paid, in the north or
in the south, to female beauty. A translation of it has
been attempted by the writer of these remarks, and is
here subjoined :-

THE FAIR ONE WHOM I MEAN.
Die holde die ich meine.

O, in what pomp of love serene,
Smiles she, the fair one whom I mean!
Tell it, my pious mouth, to earth;
Whose wonder-working hand shines forth?
Whereby in pomp of love serene,

She smiles, the fair one whom I mean!

Who has illum'd and kindled bright,
Like Paradise, her eyes' blue light?
Ev'n he whose power o'er sea and land
Heaven's blue bright bending arch hath spann'd;
He hath illum'd and kindled bright,
Like Paradise, her eyes' blue light!

Who with such master-skill hath spread
Sweet o'er her cheek Life's white and red?
He, who to th' almond's blossom lent
Its beauteous tincture dew-besprent ;
He with such master-skill hath spread
Sweet o'er her cheek Life's white and red!
Who form'd her purple mouth so fair,
So rich with sweetness living there?
He, who with lusciousness so mild,
Fills the red cherry, July's child;
He made her purple mouth so fair,
So rich with sweetness living there!
Who made her silken tresses flow,
All waving, round her neck of snow?
He, whose sweet west-wind o'er the plain
Rocks the glad stalks of golden grain;
He bade her silken tresses flow,
All waving round her neck of snow!
Who touch'd, for heavenly speech or song,
Her voice with rapture all day long?
He, who did lend the lark his note,
And Philomel her tuneful throat;
He touch'd, for heavenly speech or song,
Her voice with rapture all day long!
Who hath so arch'd her beauteous breast,
Where Pleasure has his golden rest?
He, that the swan's white bosom fair
Curves out with plumage rich and rare;
He hath so arch'd that beauteous breast,
Where Pleasure has his golden rest!

What artist framed, in high design,
Her waist so delicate, so fine?

He, from whose perfect mind beam'd forth,
Beauty's each form in heaven and earth;
That mighty artist did design
Her waist so delicate and fine!

Who breath'd into her form, a mind
So pure, angelical, and kind?
He, that the angels made on high,
These holy children of the sky;
He breath'd into her form, a mind
So pure, angelical, and kind!

O! praise, Great Maker, to thine art!
And thanks, warm bursting from my heart!
That Beauty's type enchants me so,
Crown'd with each grace thy world can show;
O praise, Great Maker, to thine art!
And thanks, warm bursting from my heart!

But ah! for whom on earth below
Smiles she, attired in beauty, so?
O God! might I have ne'er been born,
Ne'er seen thy blissful light of morn,
If not for me, in beauty, so,

Smiles she, that fair one whom I know!

SPECIMEN OF COMPOSITION BY STEAM. To the Editor of "The Edinburgh Literary Journal." SIR,

YOUR" Proposals for an Entire Change in the Nature of Things," suggested to me a variety in the adaptation of steam, which I consider of the very greatest importance, and by which the labour of mental exertion will be superseded for ever. I have invented, sir, a self-composing steam-engine, which is capable of producing seven hundred sentences per hour, on any given subject; and, as a specimen of its efficiency, I have now the pleasure of transmitting you a short essay, on a highly interesting and difficult subject, composed by my steam-engine, in the unusually short space of two minutes and a half. I have the honour to be, Sir,

Your obedient servant,
JAMES WATT, Secundus.

ON THE POWERS OF THE HUMAN MIND.

SURROUNDED by the fawning puerilities of celestial conglomerations, the human intellect betrays its detonating quality by the genial origin of obstetric hyænas. Do we dread the corroding tooth of immoral jointurehouses, or the fanatical vehemence of Indian jugglers,— how easy it is to repose ourselves on the crater of Mount Hecla, or amalgamate with the cupidities of thunderstruck archbishops. Away, then, with the iniquities of despotic washerwomen! Away with the devouring tenderness of Blackwood's menstrual Magazine! For this did George the Fourth lead on the Renfrewshire militia into so many monastic nuisances? For this did Sir Walter Scott rebel against the concatenated vicissitudes of paper currency, and oppress, with nosological exactions, the inhabitants of Annandale? Let the timid Wel. lington but plant his foot upon the summit of Port Hopetoun, and the cemeteries of Parisian volcanoes will prove the ablest guarantees of our national expenditure. In sober truth, none but irrational antipodes, or Rosicrucian fishmongers, would ever prognosticate the ruin of Semiramis, or forebode the downfall of anatomy.

But to return to the subject. Granting that the Mosaical stenography exhibits all the turbulence of fashionable entities; granting that an ephemeral eternity can isolate the fragrance of obstreperous parallelograms, does it follow, from such parenthetical premises, that the crural coincidences must refrigerate the longitudinal vistas of Turkish Ambassadors? On the contrary, I apprehend it to be demonstratively interpenetrated, that every peripatetic symposium must coagulate the farfetched hyperboles that spring from vernal desolation, or irradiate the centrifugal beauty of Circassian oligarchies. Who can deny the justness of this conclusion, if the symmetrical ordinances of clerical contiguity are once

brought into contrast with the Presbyterian stockingholders, rioting in luxurious contumacy, or irritated by antenuptial fumigations? It has been said by a learned author, that the repertories of Iconoclastical enthusiasm had been syncopated by exasperating effluvia, and triturated by epicurean paradoxes; but I contemn this commentary upon syntactical phenomena, and abominate the granulating excoriations that converge from terselated renegadoes. As the magniloquent poet has carnivorously observed,

"Wherever life its varied essence throws,
There is satiety when lobsters come;
Hydras are swallowed faster than the rose,
Beauty expires, and artichokes are dumb!"

To conclude, then, I shall simply remark, that never did the parietal gastronomy more illustriously salivate the apathies of ghastly aldermen than upon that brilliant occasion, when all eyes were mystified by convolving

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MR EDITOR,-The last term at this great seat of learning has not been productive of much which is likely to attract your Scottish readers. An English University is so different in its whole form and system from any thing to which they have been accustomed, that they would neither understand nor relish the academic details which excite interest here. Even of the place and its external aspect they can form but a slight conception, till they have seen it. There is something which no other place can give an idea; and, least of all, overpoweringly imposing and venerable about it, of any of our Scotch Universities, with their one or two Colleges, and the character which they bear upon their At Oxford, fronts, of being intended entirely for use. twenty-four Colleges and Halis, besides the numerous and splendid University buildings, with their groves and gardens, and avenues of majestic trees, and branches and windings numberless of classic streams, give the place an indescribable aspect of lordliness and repose, and make the town appear as if less intended for the orwith. The same idea which the aspect of the city exdinary uses of humanity, than any other you can meet cites is reflected from the appearance of the population, of which, the most striking feature to a stranger is the multitude of strange and obsolete dresses which meet the eye in all their mystical variety of forms and ornaments, more unintelligible than those contained in "Aaron's wardrobe, or the old Haman's vestry."

when you ask for the literary. I fear that you in ScotBut I must not entertain you with the picturesque land have rather an exaggerated idea of the general literature and erudition of Oxford. To say the truth, the Oxonian system of education, viewed merely as a process of general instruction, abstractedly from its endowments and means of learned leisure, is, as the world is beginning of the matter and the manner of education. In regard to to find out, exceedingly deficient and that both in respect the former point, there are absolutely not the means in Oxford of a complete and liberal education, even for those who are inclined to make use of them-the only branch of study for which there are at all adequate appliances provided, being the classical department. And even in this department the celebrity of Oxford does not seem to depend on any peculiar efficiency in the mechanism of instruction viewed in itself; but on the inducements held out in the way of distinctions and rawards to pro

ficiency in the first instance, and then to the establishments which it possesses for the support of a number of individuals, whose sole profession is literature, among whom it were strange if one or two should not be found who turned out enthusiasts in their profession; and having nothing else to attend to, at length became really profound and erudite scholars. This seems the true secret of Oxonian erudition-not that, as a body, the men brought up at Oxford are more learned, far less better informed, than the men educated at Edinburgh-but that Oxford does not, like Edinburgh, let her choice scholars go just at the moment when they have got over the preliminaries when they have acquired the command of their tools-and might, if they were not called away to active service in life, begin to explore the arcana, and become initiated into the greater mysteries. Set up a hundred or two fat sinecures in Edinburgh for learned men as such, and out of the hundred you will certainly find one or two in a generation, who will turn these sinecures to their intended use-the undisturbed cultivation of erudite research, and acquisition of deep scholarship. Whether the gain be worthy of the price is another question; but that is the way, if the Royal Commission will have it so, to turn Edinburgh into an Oxford-let them endow a score or two of rich fellowships-and make the passport to them a distinguished degree. The examinations for degrees this term at Oxford have either been very scarce, or the examinees very ill-prepared. Out of more than a hundred who went up to the schools, only four have taken a first class, -a smaller proportion than is recollected for many years back. The vacant chair of Oriental languages has been filled up with a Mr Pusey, fellow of Oriel,-a young man of wonderful acquirements as a linguist. He wrote an account lately of the German theology, in which he is profoundly versed, in answer to the work of Mr Rose of Cambridge, on the same subject. This book contains a vast quantity of valuable information; but its author is rather too much Teutonicised to suit an English

taste.

The only publications of any note which have issued from the Oxford press during the last term are Cramer's Geography of Greece, a work, like his Italy, of great research and minuteness;-and Mills' University Sermons, a set of rather learned and ingenious disquisitions on the belief of a future state. The Oriel men, as you have no doubt heard, are getting up a review, which they intend to pitch against the Quarterly. What their ground of dissatisfaction with the latter is, I do not know, unless it be, that it is edited by a Scotchman, and that it has of late been rather less opposed to innovations than of old. Blanco White is to be the nominal editor of the new Review, though the principal management, it is supposed, will belong to Dr Whately, Principal of Alban Hall, one of the ablest men in Oxford,-whose defence of Aristotle against the Scotch metaphysicians, by the by, ought to be known in Scotland, and either answered, or acknowledged to be triumphant. Oxford, Dec. 17, 1828.

FINE ARTS.

ON PORTRAIT PAINTING.

By Dr Memes, Author of the "Life of Canova," &c.

following topics :-in what respect this branch can be ranged in a subordinate class of art ;-and to what extent the assertion so often repeated is just, that portrait disqualifies for the attainment of eminence in the historical or grand style of painting.

With regard to the first subject of investigation; if the merit, and consequent rank, of any work of art, is to be estimated by the effect produced upon the mind, it will admit of question whether portraiture be not superior to history. Nor is this mode of decision an appeal from principle, as might be said, to the voice of the many. It is an appeal from the trammels of conventional criticism,-from the mazes of metaphysical taste, -to natural feeling and unsophisticated judgment,-to

common sense,

Quem penes abitrium est, et jus, et norma. But to obviate entirely, this supposed and only objection; the feelings addressed in a well-painted portrait are the best and the most refined of the human heart. The canvass, breathing with those lincaments on which we have hung with respect and affection-with veneration and love, presents an object grateful and affecting beyond every other that art can exhibit.

"And while the wings of fancy still are free, While I can view this mimic show of thee, Time has but half succeeded in his theft: Thyself removed-thy power to solace left." Nor are these partial feelings awakened merely by individual circumstances. When a portrait belongs to posterity, the feelings too belong to immortality; the pencil then employs an universal language, addressing the taste, the energy, the virtue of each succeeding age.

Supposing it now possible to recover some masterpiece of Grecian art, which single picture would enjoy the general preference? We apprehend not a tablet, enriched even by the exquisite finish of Zeuxis, or the glowing colours of Parrhasius, or the deep pathos of Timanthes, or the beauty and grandeur of Apelles himself. The earlier labours in the pacile would raise the general wish; for here Polygnotus had depicted, from the living originals, the heroes who defended-the legis. lators who enlightened united Greece, during the most glorious period in her moral history. Or to put a case yet more home-felt: When centuries shall have harmonised the jarring elements of history into the brief nat rative which will embalin whatever is truly great and precious in the events or characters of these our timeswhen, it may be, the splendour of art and the light of liberty have arisen on a new hemisphere, leaving in ignorance and despotism those regions of Europe once instructed and free,-what collection of English art will then be most regretted? Would it not be such an one as is now forming by his Majesty a design worthy of royal munificence and taste-where, as within some consecrated shrine-a school of future virtue and enterprise -are to be assembled the silent, yet eloquent forms, representatives of the valour, the learning and patriot. ism, the wisdom and genius, of our native land?

We need advocate no farther the moral dignity of an art, which multiplies the eternity of that which cannot diewhich addresses the tenderest and the noblest principles of our nature. Nor are these emotions, as has been said, separate and apart from the object that calls them forth. An historical painting, a group of sculpture,-every effort of art capable of touching the feelings, derives this power from association; and that work is the most perfect which most cordially sympathises with the asAMONG the causes, real or imaginary, assumed as ad-sociated sentiment-which flings its instant brightness verse to the progress of British art, that most frequently brought forward is the prevalence of portait painting. It may prove, then, not altogether uninteresting candidly to inquire how far this opinion is well founded. This examination must necessarily embrace the two

"Blessed be the Art that can immortalize,The Art that baffles Time's tyrannic claim."

or gloom over the imagery of memory.

Now, in the dignity and legitimacy of the means, the second subject of inquiry, by which its effects are wrought, portrait painting is neither inferior nor opposed to history. Anch io son pittore, may with justice be the boast

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