1850

AT THE MANSION HOUSE.

247

markets of the world. She might draw upon herself a competition in these markets, which might otherwise have long been postponed. But the same energy, the same intellectual activity which had put her in the van of nations, the Prince believed, would enable her to hold her place under any alteration of circumstances. In any case, whatever might be said by detractors of her insular narrowness and selfishness, he understood her people too well to doubt that they would see with pleasure the spread throughout the world of the blessings which they had conquered for themselves, and be content to run even considerable risks in accelerating that better understanding of each other, without which the unity of mankind is impossible. The general satisfaction created by the parts of his speech now to be quoted showed that in this estimate of British feeling he had not been mistaken :

'I conceive it to be the duty of every educated person closely to watch and study the time in which he lives, and, as far as in him lies, to add his humble mite of individual exertion to further the accomplishment of what he believes Providence to have ordained.

'Nobody, however, who has paid any attention to the peculiar features of our present era, will doubt for a moment that we are living at a period of most wonderful transition, which tends rapidly to accomplish that great end, to which, indeed, all history points-the realisation of the unity of mankind. Not a unity which breaks down the limits and levels the peculiar characteristics of the different nations of the earth, but rather a unity, the result and product of those very national varieties and antagonistic qualities.

The distances which separated the different nations and parts of the globe are rapidly vanishing before the achievements of modern invention, and we can traverse them with incredible ease; the languages of all nations are known, and their acquirement placed within the reach of everybody; thought is communicated with the rapidity, and even by the power, of lightning.

248

SPEECH BY THE PRINCE.

1850

On the other hand, the great principle of division of labour, which may be called the moving power of civilisation, is being extended to all branches of science, industry, and art.

'Whilst formerly the greatest mental energies strove at universal knowledge, and that knowledge was confined to the few, now they are directed on specialities, and in these, again, even to the minutest points; but the knowledge acquired becomes at once the property of the community at large; for, whilst formerly discovery was wrapped in secrecy, the publicity of the present day causes that no sooner is a discovery or invention made than it is already improved upon and surpassed by competing efforts. The products of all quarters of the globe are placed at our disposal, and we have only to choose which is the best and the cheapest for our purposes, and the powers of production are intrusted to the stimulus of competition and capital.

'So man is approaching a more complete fulfilment of that great and sacred mission which he has to perform in this world. His reason being created after the image of God, he has to use it to discover the laws by which the Almighty governs His creation, and, by making these laws his standard of action, to conquer nature to his use; himself a divine instrument.

'Science discovers these laws of power, motion, and transformation; industry applies them to the raw matter, which the earth yields us in abundance, but which becomes valuable only by knowledge. Art teaches us the immutable laws of beauty and symmetry, and gives to our productions forms in accordance to them.

Gentlemen,—the Exhibition of 1851 is to give us a true test and a living picture of the point of development at which the whole of mankind has arrived in this great task, and a new starting-point from which all nations will be able to direct their further exertions.

'I confidently hope that the first impression which the view of this vast collection will produce upon the spectator will be that of deep thankfulness to the Almighty for the blessings which He has bestowed upon us already here below; and the second, the conviction that they can only be realised in proportion to the help which we are prepared to render each other; therefore, only by peace, love, and ready assistance, not only between individuals, but between the nations of the earth.'

1850

OPINIONS ON PRINCE'S SPEECH.

249

The enthusiasm, with which this speech was received, was well calculated to encourage the Prince under the immeasurable difficulties' which at the close of his speech he said would have to be overcome in carrying out the scheme, and the full extent of which even he could not at present measure. His audience, among whom were the representatives of all the municipalities of the kingdom, carried this enthusiasm back with them, and they were not likely to forget the words with which Sir Robert Peel on the same occasion concluded one of his best speeches: You will return with a firm resolution that this noble undertaking, to which the character and honour of England are now committed, shall not fail, but shall be borne triumphantly through every- obstacle by the energy and determination of the British people.'

6

Congratulations poured in upon the Prince from all sides. The assurance, that his cherished scheme had taken hold of the hearts of the people was far more precious to him than the praises of his eloquence. These came to him from the press in no measured terms, especially from those journals, which were the least disposed to credit Princes with liberal opinions, or an active interest in making men happier and better. Writing of the speech to the Queen, the Duchess of Sutherland condensed her admiration in a single sentence. How entirely worthy I thought it of himself!' With natural pride the Queen tells King Leopold (26th March) that the speech had given the greatest satisfaction, and done great good. Albert,' Her Majesty adds, is indeed looked up to and beloved as I could wish he should be; and the more his rare qualities of mind and heart are known, the more will he be understood and appreciated. People are much struck by his great power and energy; by the great self-denial, and constant wish to work for others which are so striking in his character. But this is the happiest life. Pining for what one cannot have, and trying