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forty, by the Marquis de la Roche, on Sable island, there was not an European, living under his national flag in North America, the northern part of which was now known to Europe under the appellation of Canada, the middle by that of Virginia, and the southern by that of Florida.

Garcilasso de la Vega.-Laet.-Purchas.-Charlevoix.—Marshall

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CHAPTER II.

The Bourbons-Henry IV-Philip III.-Pontgrave and Chauvin.-Trois rivieres.-Gosnold.-Cape Cod. James I.-Commandeur de la Chatte.-Champlain.Hochelaga-Dumontz.-Acadie.-Port Rossignol· Port Mouton.-Penobscot.-Pentagoet.-Port Royal. Poutrincourt.-Earls of Southampton and Arundel.Captain Weymouth.-Ill success of a colony sent to Acadie.-Pontgrave sails with the colonists for France; he is met by Pontgrave and returns.-The Marchioness of Guercheville.-James' patents to the northern and southern companies.-Abortive effort of the northern.— First attempt of the southern.-James Town.-Quebec. Expedition against the Iroquois.-Henry Hudson.Chauvin.-New France.-Prosperous state of the colony.-Second expedition against the Iroquois.-Louis XIII.-Jesuits sent to Acadie.-Lake Champlain.— Nova Belgica.-New Amsterdam.-Lasausaie.-Acadie.-La Heve.-Port Royal.-Becancourt.-St. Sauveur.-Argal drives the French from Acadie.-The Earl of Soissons.-Prince of Condé-Montreal.— Company of St. Maloes.-New England.-Third expedition against the Iroquois.-They murder three Frenchmen, and plot the destruction of the colony.— Brother Pacific.-Marshal of Montmorency.-New Plymouth.-Philip IV-Sir William Alexander.First irruption of the Iroquois.-William and Edward de Caen-Fort of Quebec.-Jesuits sent to Canada.— Charles I.-Swedish Colony.-Company of New France.-Kertz.-Capture of a French fleet.-Famine and dissentions.-The capture of Quebec.-Sir Robert Heath-Carolana.-New Hampshire.-Peace of St. Germain.-Canada and Acadie restored.

AT the death of Henry the third, the house of Valois became extinct. Its princes had occupied the French throne, for two hundred and sixty-one years; the first king of that branch, having been Philip VI., who succeeded to Charles V. Henry of Bourbon, was the nearest, tho' a very distant, kinsman of the deceased monarch; their common ancestor being Louis IX., more commonly called St. Louis, who died in 1226.

The assignees of Sir Walter Raleigh's patent, in March 1590, fitted out three ships, in which White embarked for Virginia. So much time was lost in a fruitless cruize against the Spaniards, that these vessels did not reach their destination till the month of August. The colonists, whom White had left on Roanoke island, three years before, were no longer there, and every effort to discover them was fruitless. No other attempt was made to find them, and the period and manner of their perishing was never known.

A French vessel came to Sable Island, for the forty wretches, whom de la Roche had left there. Twenty-eight had perished; the survivors were taken back to France.

Henry the fourth, the first king of France of the house of Bourbon, did not obtain at once the peaceable possession of the throne. He had been bred a protestant, and the catholics suspected the sincerity of his attachment to their faith, which he had embraced. He confirmed his power by the victories of Arque and Ivry, and to silence all opposition, pronounced his abjuration, and his adherence to the catholic faith, in St. Denys, before his coronation, and in the following year, the fifth since his predecessor's demise, the city of Paris opened its gates to him.

On the thirteenth of September 1598, the crown of Spain, by the death of Philip the second, in the seventy-second year of his age, passed to his son, Philip the third. The revolution, which severed the Spanish provinces in the low countries, from the dominions of Spain, began in the latter part of the reign of the deceased monarch; and the war, which ended in the beginning of the next, left the house of Nassau, in possession of these provinces. The loss of territory, thus sustained, was followed in the latter part of the life of Philip III., by a considerable diminution of population, through the ill advised expulsion of the Moors.

The attention of Henry the fourth, nor that of his subjects, does not appear to have been drawn to America, till many years after his accession. Pontgrave, an experienced navigator of St. Maloes, who had for several years traded to Tadoussac, on the northern shore of the river St. Lawrence, at a short distance below the spot on which the city of Quebec has since been built, and Chauvin, a captain of the king's ships, who had obtained a patent, nearly similar to that of the Marquis de la Roche, made a voyage to Canada, in 1602. They proceeded up the river St. Lawrence, as far as the place, on which the city of Trois Rivieres now stands, where Pontgrave, wished to begin a settlement; but Chauvin, more anxious of promoting his interest, by traffic with the Indians, than that of his country, by planting a colony, refused his consent. A few men, however, were left at Tadoussac, who would have perished, if the Indians had not relieved them.

The English now kept pace with the French, in their endeavours to make a settlement in the new world. Bartholomew Gosnold, a bold navigator, departed from Falmouth, with thirty two men in a

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barque, and sailing as nearly west as possible, made the continent on the eleventh of May of the same year, towards the forty-third degree of northern latitude. He gave the names, which they still bear, to Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard and Elizabeth Islands, in the present state of Massachusetts; but no account has reached us of his leaving any person behind. Indeed, the small number of men he took out, precludes any idea of it.

On the third of May 1603, Queen Elizabeth died in the seventieth year of her age, without issue, and was succeeded by James VI. of Scotland, the son of the unfortunate Mary Stuart.

At the accession of the House of Stuart to the throne of England, there was not a single individual of the English or French nation in North America, living under the protection of his national flag.

The Commander de la Chatte, who had acquired the rights of Chauvin, formed a company, chiefly composed of merchants of Rouen, to whom were joined several persons of distinction. It prepared an expedition, the command of which was given to Pontgrave, to whom Henry the fourth had granted letters patent, authorising him to make discoveries and settlements, on the shores of the river St Lawrence. Samuel de Champlain, an experienced seaman, who makes a conspicuous figure in the history of the new world, accompanied him. They sailed

in 1603.

After a short stay at Tadoussac, they left the shipping there; and proceeded, in a light boat, with five sailors to the rapids of St. Louis, or the Indian town of Hochelaga, which Cartier had visited sixtyeight years before. They carried on some traffic with the natives, and joining the shipping, returned to France.

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