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Who aye hath loved the lowly shepherd train,He, from these leafy boughs, thus spake to me, "Go forth! Thou shalt on earth my witness be.

4. "Thou in rude armour must thy limbs invest,
A plate of steel upon thy bosom wear;
Vain earthly love may never stir thy breast,
Nor passion's sinful glow be kindled there.
Ne'er with the bride-wreath shall thy locks be dress'd,
Nor on thy bosom bloom an infant fair;

But war's triumphant glory shall be thine;
Thy martial fame all women's shall outshine.

5. "For when in fight the stoutest hearts despair,
When direful ruin threatens France, forlorn,
Then thou aloft my oriflamme shalt bear,
And swiftly as the reaper mows the corn,
Thou shalt lay low the haughty conqueror;
His fortune's wheel thou rapidly shalt turn,
To Gaul's heroic sons deliv'rance bring,
Relieve beleaguer'd Rheims, and crown thy king!"

6. The heavenly Spirit promised me a sign;
He sends the helmet, it hath come from him,
Its iron filleth me with strength divine,
I feel the courage of the cherubim;
As with the rushing of a mighty wind

It drives me forth to join the battle's din;
The clanging trumpets sound, the chargers rear,
And the loud war-cry thunders in mine ear.

aye, ever.

behest, declared will. invest, clothe. martial, warlike.

direful, dreadful.

oriflamme, the ancient royal standard of France.

Gaul, ancient name of France. beleaguer'd, surrounded by an

army.

INDUSTRY.

1. If we can learn what we must do in order to secure the means of future subsistence, we shall also learn what has already been done to put us in possession of the means of present subsistence. The principal of these means are food, clothing, fuel, and shelter.

2. Let us examine our position in respect of food. We have, perhaps, a stock of bread that might last us for three or four days; during these three or four days more flour must be made into bread. We have a stock of flour that might last us for two or three months; during this period more wheat must be ground into flour. We have a stock of wheat that might last us, according to the season of the year, from twelve to twenty months; during this period we must till the earth, sow the seed, reap and thrash, in order to procure more wheat. Our store of cooked meat would probably last as long as our stock of bread. More meat must be cooked to supply the place of what is consumed. Sheep, oxen, and other animals must be slaughtered to provide more meat; and to replace these, others must be reared and fed, and the land must be cultivated to produce the food which these animals consume day by day.

3. From food, let us turn our thoughts to clothing. We may suppose ourselves to have clothes sufficient to serve for six months; during this period we must work at cutting and fitting the cloth and other materials already prepared for the purpose. Spinning and weaving, tanning and dyeing, must proceed to replace the materials thus cut up. Sheep-shearing, cotton-picking, flax and hemp dressing, silk-winding, and other operations must be going forward to supply the raw materials for future

manufacture, these to be replaced, as fast as manufactured, by planting and other agricultural work.

4. Even the houses which shelter us, durable as they are, compared with the food which we eat and the clothes which we wear out, are not imperishable; some are of long standing, others are more modern. But while we live in them, the process of decay is slowly but surely going on; and if we would not be left without shelter, we must be attentive to repair, to paint, and to rebuild. For these purposes trees must be felled and sawn up, bricks must be made, paints manufactured, and slates and stones quarried and shaped.

5. We may trace back in the same way, step by step, everything that has to be done to replace all the other necessaries and comforts which are perpetually disappearing while they minister to our well-being. The maintenance of our furniture, utensils, and tools depends upon the continued performance of all those stages of work that descend from the last touch or polish that specially fits them for use to the first stroke of the pick-axe which detaches the mineral from the earth.

6. It may be remarked that there are many persons who do not labour, and that there were many persons also who did not labour in times past; and yet we do not expect that the former will fail to share in the necessaries and comforts of life, as we know that the latter did share. This is true. One large portion of mankind cannot labour. All mankind in their tender years are incapable of labour, and there are some who, from defective organization, or other causes, are ever incapable. Nevertheless, all

these, the young and the impotent, subsist upon the produce of past labour, and their future subsistence depends upon present and continued labour.

7. If nobody had worked in the past, nobody could

subsist now; and if labour were discontinued, the means of subsistence would soon disappear. From one conclusion there is no escape, and that is, that in proportion as the number is great of those who have not laboured, must the performance of those who did labour have been effective; and in proportion to the number of those among us now who perform no labour, must be the productive power of those who perform the whole.

8. There always must be a considerable proportion of mankind incapable of labour. The truth of this proposition is unquestionable; it is also true that there are many who are not incapable, who either do not labour at all, or whose labour is far short of that which is performed by others to whom they are equal in strength. There are, besides, some of those incapable of labour who have become so, not unavoidably, but from causes which might have been prevented.

9. A portion of those who do not labour-the youngmay be better employed in fitting themselves for future work than in attempting present work. If, while living on the produce of other people's labour, they increase their own productive power, and afterwards exert it, they add more, eventually, to the general stock of necessaries. and comforts than they subtract from it in the beginning. Taking, however, the adult and infant, the capable and incapable, the workers and non-workers, together, the larger number of those who are not labouring and prcparing to labour, the more severe must be the work of those upon whom the whole labour devolves.

10. We are now prepared to state, as one of the results of our investigation, that it appears to be indispensable for the well-being of mankind that the ability and disposition to labour should prevail widely. We have a name for those men who labour cheerfully and assiduously

-we call them "industrious." We say they possess industry. Industry, accordingly, is one of those qualities which we admire and love to observe and to encourage in others, and which all good men, especially the young, strive to cultivate in themselves. We number it among the virtues, because it conduces to the general well-being.

11. Another adjective, "industrial" (pertaining to the production of the necessaries and comforts of life), has been formed from the same word. We call labour and employment industrial, when we wish to distinguish them from other kinds of labour and employment; and in the same way we speak of industrial life, and also of industrial success, one of the foremost conditions of which is, "industry."-Dean Dawes.

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minister, serve.

pertaining, belonging.

maintenance, keeping up in good distinguish, to note the differorder.

ence.

What four things are necessary to our subsistence? What are our chief articles of food? How is the supply of these articles kept up? What industrial operations have to be performed to supply us with clothes? What persons are incapable of labour? How do these persons subsist? What name do we give to those that labour cheerfully and assiduously?

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