lawful for them to hire, at pleasure, servants, compradors, linguists, and writers, and passage or cargo-boats, and to employ laborers, seamen, and persons for whatever necessary service for a reasonable compensation, to be agreed upon by the parties.

ART. 18. Whenever merchant vessels of the United States shall have entered port the Superintendent of Customs will, if he see fit, appoint Custom house officers to guard the said vessels, who may live on board the ships or in their own boats at their convenience. Mutineers on board American vessels shall be apprehended by the local officers and delivered to the consuls for punishment. If Chinese criminals shall take refuge on board American vessels they shall not be harbored, but shall be delivered up to the officers of justice upon proper demand being made, and in case of violence between seamen and Chinese subjects the local officers shall enforce order and do justice.

ART. 19. Whenever any merchant vessel of the United States shall cast anchor at any of said ports the supercargo, master, or cousignee shall, within forty eight hours, deposit the ship's papers in the hands of the consul, or other United States agent, who will cause to be communicated to the Superintendent of Customs a true report of the name and tonnage of said vessel, the names of her crew, and the nature of her cargo, which, being done, the Superintendent will give a permit for the discharge of her cargo; and the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed to discharge the cargo without such permit, shall incur a fine of $500, and the goods so discharged without permit shall be subject to forfeiture to the Chinese government. But if the master of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duties on such part only, and to proceed with the remainder to any other ports; or, if the master so desire, he may, within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the vessel, decide to depart without breaking bulk. In case of the absence of the consul and agent of his own government, he shall apply to the consul of some friendly power, or directly to the Superintendent of Customs.

ART. 20. The Superintendent of Customs, on application made through the consul, will appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed in presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee to make a just and fair examination of all goods being discharged or laden on board any vessel of the United States. If disputes arise as to the value of goods subject to an ad valorem duty, and the same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question may, within twentyfour hours, and not afterwards, be referred to the consul to adjust with the Superintendent of Customs.

ART. 21. Any citizen of the United States who may have imported merchandise and paid the duties upon it, and may wish to re-export the same to another port, shall be entitled to make application through the consul to the Superintenent of Customs, who shall make examination to ascertain whether the duties have been paid according to the report, and whether the goods remain with their marks unchanged, and shall make a memorandum in the port clearance of the goods and the amount of duties paid on the same and delivered to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of customs of the other ports; all which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, and everything being found on examination there to correspond, she will be permitted to break bulk and land the said goods without being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if on examination the Superintendent of Customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese government. Grain and rice may be re-exported without hinderance.

ART. 22. The tonnage duty on vessels belonging to citizens of the United States shall be paid on their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the goods, and duties of export on the landing of the same. When all such duties shall have been paid, and not before, the Superintendent of Customs shall give a port clearance, and the consul shall return the ship's papers, and she may proceed on her voyage. The duties shall be paid to the Shroff's authorized by the Chinese government to receive the same in its behalf.

Duties payable by merchants of the United States shall be received either in sycee silver or in foreign money, at the rate of exchange of the day. Consuls shall be held responsible if they permit vessels to go without paying the legal

duties.

ART. 23. When goods on board any merchant vessel of the United States into port are to be transhipped to another vessel, application shall be made to the consul, who shall certify the occasion thereof to the Superintendent of Customs, who may appoint officers to examine into the facts and permit the transhipment. And if any goods be transhipped without such application and permit they shall be subject to confiscation to the Chinese government.

ART. 24. For debts due from subjects of China to citizens of the United States, the latter may seek redress in law, and on suitable representation being made to the Chinese authorities, through the consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take all proper steps to compel satisfaction. If citizens of the United States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress in the same way through the consul. But the Chinese government will not hold itself responsible for any debts due from subjects of China to citizens of the United States, nor will the United States be responsible for any debts of its citizens to subjects of China.

ART. 25. It shall be lawful for the officers and citizens of the United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China to teach any of the languages of the Empire, and to assist in literary labors, and the persons so employed shall not, for that cause, be subject to any injury on the part of the government or of individuals; and it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China.

ART. 26. Relations of peace and amity between the United States and China being established by this treaty, and the vessels of the United States being admitted to trade freely to and from the ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed that, in case at any time hereafter China should be at war with any foreign nation whatever, and for that cause should exclude such nation from eutering her ports, still the vessels of the United States shall not the less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of the belligerent parties, full respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the United States-provided that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the transportation of officers and soldiers in the enemy's service-nor shall said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy's ships, with their cargoes, to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation by the Chinese govern

ment.

ART. 27. All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction and regulated by the authorities of their own government, and all controversies occurring in China between citizens of the United States and subjects of any other government shall be regulated by the treaties existing between the United States and such government respectively, without interference on the part of China.

ART. 28. If citizens of the United States have special occasion to address any communication to the Chinese local officers of the government, they shall submit the same to their consul or other officer to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises. In like manner, if subjects of China have occasion to address the consul of the United States, they shall submit the communication to the local authorities of their own government, to determine if the language be respectful and proper, and the matter just and right, in which case the said authorities will transmit the same to the consul, or other officer, for his consideration and action in the premises. And if controversies arise between citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and equity by the

public officers of the two nations acting in conjunction. all illegal fees is prohibited.

And the extortion of

ART. 29. The principles of the catholic religion, as professed by Protestants and Roman Catholics, are recognized as teaching men to do good, and to do to others as they would have others do unto them. Hereafter, therefore, those persons who may be quietly and peaceably teaching these doctrines shall not be persecuted; and any person who may teach these principles shall not on that account be interfered with or molested in any way.

ART. 30. The contracting parties agree that if the Ta-tsing Empire should grant to any nation, or to any citizen of foreign nations, any rights or privileges connected with commerce, navigation, or politics, such rights and privileges shall enure to the merchants and citizens of the United States also.

This treaty shall be ratified by the President and Senate of the United States within one year or sooner from the date thereof, and by the Sovereign of the Ta-tsing Empire forthwith And ratifications shall be exchanged within one year from the date of its signature.

TO BE CARRIED AND USED BY SEA-GOING VESSELS OF GREAT BRITAIN, TO PREVENT

COLLISION.

The following official notice respecting lights and fog signals to be carried and used by sea-going vessels of Great Britain, to prevent collision, has been issued by the Commissioners of the Admiralty, and is republished for the information of mariners. By order of the Lighthouse Board,

WASHINGTON, September 6, 1858.

THORNTON A. JENKINS, Secretary.

ADMIRALTY NOTICE RESPECTING LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS TO BE CARRIED AND USED BY SEA-GOING VESSELS, TO PREVENT COLLISION.

By the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, etc. :

By virtue of the power and authority vested in us, we hereby revoke, as from and after the 30th day of September, 1858, the regulations made and published by us on the 1st day of May, 1852, relating to the lights to be carried by seagoing vessels to prevent collision :-And we hereby make the following regulations, and require and direct that the same be strictly observed and carried into effect on and after the 1st day of October, 1858.

STEAM VESSELS.

All sea-going steam vessels, when under steam, shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit the following lights :

1. A bright white light at the foremast head; a green light on the starboard side; a red light on the port side.

2. The mast-head light shall be so constructed as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least 5 miles, and shall show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass, and it shall be so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each side of the ship, viz. :——from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on either side.

3. The green light on the starboard side, and the red light on the port side, shall be so constructed as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere,

at a distance of at least 2 miles, and show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, and they shall be so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on the starboard and on the port sides respectively.

4. The side lights are to be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forward from the light, so as to prevent the lights from being seen across the bow.

5. Steam vessels under sail only, are not to carry their mast-head light.

FOG SIGNALS. All sea-going steam vessels, whether propelled by paddles or screws, when their steam is up, and when under way, shall in all cases of fog use as a fog signal a steam whistle, placed before the funnel at not less than 8 feet from the deck, which shall be sounded once at least every five minutes; but when the steam is not up, they shall use a fog horn or bell, as ordered for sailing ships.

SAILING VESSELS.

1. All sea-going sailing vessels, when under way or being towed, shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit a green light on the starboard side, and a red light on the port side of the vessel, and such lights shall be so constructed as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least 2 miles, and shall show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on the starboard and on the port sides respectively.

2. The colored lights shall be fixed whenever it is practicable so to exhibit them; and shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forward from the light, so as to prevent the lights being seen across the bow.

3. When the colored lights cannot be fixed (as in the case of small vessels in bad weather) they shall be kept on deck between sunset and sunrise, and on their proper sides of the vessel, ready for instant exhibition, and shall be exhibited in such a manner as can be best seen on the approach of, or to, any other vessel or vessels, in sufficient time to avoid collision, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

FOG SIGNALS. All sea-going sailing vessels, when under way, shall, in all cases of fog. use when on the starboard tack a fog horn, and when on the port tack shall ring a bell. These signals shall be sounded once at least every five minutes. Sailing pilot vessels are to carry only a white light at the mast-head, and are to exhibit a flare-up light every 15 minutes, in accordance with Trinity House regulation.

VESSELS AT ANCHOR.

All sea-going vessels, when at anchor in roadsteads or fairways, shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull, a white light in a globular lantern of 8 inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light all round the horizon, at a distance of at least 1 mile.

Given under our hands, this 24th day of February, 1858.

By command of their Lordships,

CHARLES WOOD.
R. S. DUNDAS.

W. G. ROMAINE, Secretary.

The following are intended to illustrate the use of the lights carried by vessels at sea, and the manner in which they indicate to the vessel which sees them the position and description of the vessel which carries them :

1st. When both red and green lights are seen :-A sees a red and green light ahead; A knows that a vessel is approaching her on a course directly opposite to her own. If A sees a white mast-head light above the other two, she knows

that B is a steam vessel.

2d. When the red, and not the green light, is seen :-A sees a red light ahead or on the bow; A knows that either a vessel is approaching her on her port bow, or a vessel is crossing in some direction to port. If A sees a white mast-head

light above the red light, A knows that the vessel is a steam vessel, and is either approaching her in the same direction, or is crossing to port in some direction. 3d. When the green, and not the red light, is seen :-A sees a green light ahead or on the bow; A knows that either a vessel is approaching her on her starboard bow, or a vessel is crossing in some direction to starboard. If A sees

a white mast-head light above the green light, A knows that the vessel is a steam vessel, and is either approaching her in the same direction, or is crossing to starboard in some direction.

CHERRYSTONE INLET LIGHTHOUSE AND STINGRAY POINT LIGHTHOUSE.

FIXED LIGHTS. The new lighthouse on the bar at the entrance of Cherrystone Inlet will be lighted for the first time at sunset on January 1, 1859, and will be kept burning during every night thereafter from sunset to sunrise. The lighthouse is situated on the west side of the entrance to the inlet, in about 4 feet water at low water, and is 1 mile south of Sandy Point. It is a screw-pile structure, hexagonal in plan. The house is painted white, and the piles and lantern are painted red. The focal plane is 36 feet above the water, and the illumin. ating apparatus is a Fresnel lens of the 4th order, showing a fixed light of the natural color, and illuminating 270° of the horizon. The light should be visible in ordinary weather a distance of 10 nautical miles. Its position, as given by the Coast Survey, is-latitude 27° 15' 30"; longitude 76° 03′ 00."

STINGRAY POINT LIGHTHOUSE. This lighthouse is situated off Stingray Point. the south point of the mouth of Rappahannock River. Va. It is about one mile east from the point, and is in six feet water. It is a screw-pile structure precisely like Cherrystone lighthouse in all respects. The illuminating apparatus is a Fresnel lens of the 6th order, showing a fixed light of the natural color, and illuminating the whole horizon. The light should be seen in ordinary weather a distance of 7 nautical miles. Windmill Point light-vessel bears from this lighthouse E. N. E., (true,) distant 4 nautical miles. The position of the lighthouse, as given by the Coast Survey, is-latitude 36° 33' 35" north; longitude 76° 16' 40" west of Greenwich. This light will be lighted for the first time at sunset on the evening of January 1st next, and will be kept burning during every night thereafter from sunset to sunrise. By order of the Lighthouse Board, L. SITGREAVES, Captain Corps Topographical Engineers.

BALTIMORE, MD., November 20, 1858.

NOTICE TO MARINERS-KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS.

The floating light announced in the month of June last, has just been placed near the east side of the North Hinderbanc, in the North Sea, in latitude 51° 36′ 40′′ north, and longitude 2° 34′ 35′′ east of Greenwich. It is moored in 21 fathoms water-bottom, sand and shells. The vessel has two masts. The lantern, which contains eight argand lamps and reflectors, is hoisted on the mainmast, and shows a fixed light of the natural color. The light is 40 feet above the level of the sea, and is visible in clear weather a distance of 11 English miles. It was lighted for the first time on the evening of the 23d August last, and the light is kept up every night from sunset to sunrise. The hull is painted red. Upon the sides are painted, in large white letters, the words Noord Hinder. At the top of the mainmast is a red ball. In fogs a bell will be rung every fifteen minutes, preceded and followed by stroks of a gong. In the direction N. 17° W. mag., more than two English miles distant from the light-vessel, is placed, in 14 fathoms water, a red buoy, on which is marked in white letters the word Hinder. Mariners are warned that ships of large draught ought to keep to the northward of this buoy in order to avoid, as much as possible, the shoal water of the North Hinder.

LA HAYE, August 31, 1858.

J. S. LOTSIJ, Minister of Marine.

By order of the Lighthouse Board,

WASHINGTON, October 23, 1858.

W. B. FRANKLIN Secretary.