Manchester to join the rebels, and received a captain's commission. He pleaded guilty to the indictment, and received sentence with the utmost composure and resignation. The gentleman whom he had served as steward exerted his utmost influence to procure a pardon for him; but the culprit, being told all endeavours were fruitless, expressed the utmost unconcern, and said he was willing to become a martyr for the cause he had abetted; adding, that he had prepared for death, having entertained no hope of pardon. The last person brought to trial and conviction at these sessions was David Morgan, Esq. of Monmouth shire. This man had been sent by his father to study law in the Temple, and practised a short time as a counsellor; but, his father dying, he went to reside on his estate in the country. He was distinguished by the haughtiness of his temper, and a disposition to quarrel with his neighbours and servants. Having met the rebels at Manchester, he advised the Pretender to proceed immediately to London, assuring him that the whole force in arms to oppose him did not exceed three thousand men. Had this ad vice been attended to, the rebellion might have been crushed much sooner than it was; for no doubt the people would have arisen as one man, to oppose the progress of the lawless insurgents. The Pretender having granted Morgan a warrant to search the houses in Manchester for arms, he did this in the strictest manner, and threatened with the most exemplary punishment all those who opposed him. A colonel's commission was offered him; but he declined the acceptance of it, proposing rather to give his advice than his personal as sistance. When the rebels marched to Derby, he quitted them; but, being taken into custody, he was lodged in Chester Castle, and thence conveyed to London; and, conviction following commitment, he was sentenced to die with his associates. After the sentence of the law was passed, the convicts declared that they had acted according to the dictates of their consciences, and would again act the same parts if they were put to trial. When the keeper informed them that the following day was ordered for their execution, they expressed a resignation to the will of God, embraced each other, and took an affectionate leave of their friends. On the following morning they breakfasted together, and, having conversed till near eleven o'clock, were conveyed from the New Gaol, Southwark, to Kennington Common, on three sledges. The gibbet was surrounded by a party of the guards, and a block and a pile of faggots were placed near it. The faggots were set on fire while the proper officers were removing the malefactors from the sledges. After near an hour employed in acts of devotion, these unhappy men, having delivered to the sheriff's some papers, expressive of their political sentiments, underwent the sentence of the law. They had not hung above five minutes when Townley was cut down, being yet alive; and his body being placed on the block, the executioner chopped off his head with a cleaver. His heart and bowels were then taken out, and thrown into the fire; and the other parties being separately treated in the same manner, the executioner cried out, God save King George!' The bodies were quartered, and delivered to the keeper of the New Gaol, who buried them: the heads of some of the parties were sent to Carlisle and Manchester, where they were exposed; but those of Townley and Fletcher were fixed on Temple-bar, and, after remaining many years, they fell down. These victims to their rashness suffered on Kennington Common, on the 20th of July, 1746. DONALD M'DONALD, JAMES NICHOLSON, AND WALTER OGILVIE, EXECUTED FOR HIGH TREASON. DONALD M'DONALD had joined the Pretender soon after he came to Scotland, and had received a captain's commission. He was educated by an uncle, who told him he would tarnish the glory of his an. cestors, who had been warmly attached to the same cause, if he failed to act with courage. M'Donald was ever foremost where danger presented itself: he was greatly distinguished at the battle of Preston-Pans, and joined with Lord Nairn in taking possession of Perth-services that greatly recommended him to the Pretender. This man was exceedingly assi duous to learn the art of war, and made himself of so much consequence as to be intrusted with the command of two thousand men, The Duke of Perth having ordered two men, who refused to enlist, to be shot, M'Donald complained to his uncle, who had likewise a command in the rebel army, of the injustice of this proceeding; but the uncle ordered the nephew into custody, told him that he himself should be shot on the following day, and actually informed the Pretender of what had passed; but M'Donald was only reprimanded, and dismissed on promise of more cautious behaviour in future. After his commitment to prison, M'Donald frequently wished that he had been shot. Being advised to repent, he said it would be fruitless, and he had rather hear a tune on the sweet bagpipes that used to He often play before the army. told the keepers of the prison that if they would knock off his fetters, and give him a pair of bagpipes, he would treat them with a Highland dance.' He said he thought the Pretender's service very honourable when he first engaged in it, which he would never have done if he had supposed him so ill provided for the expedition. He likewise expressed the utmost resentment against the French king for not supplying them with succours. James Nicholson had been educated in principles averse to those of the abettors of the house of Stuart, but had been fatally prevailed on to change his political sentiments by some Jacobites who frequented a coffee-house which he had kept at Leith with great reputation for a considerable time. Having accepted a lieutenant's commission on the arrival of the rebels at Edinburgh, he proceeded with them as far as Derby; but when they returned to Carlisle he was taken into custody, and sent with the other prisoners to London. After conviction he was visited by his wife and children, which afforded a scene of distress that is not to be described. He now lamented the miseries that he had brought on his family; but his penitence came too late! The county of Bamff, in Scotland, gave birth to Walter Ogilvie, who was brought up a protestant, and taught the duty of allegiance to the illustrious house of Brunswick; but some of his associates having contaminated his principles, he went to Lord Lewis Gordon, and joined the division of rebels under his command. Ogilvie's father represented to him the rashness and impracticability of the scheme in which he was about to engage; but the young man said he was persuaded of its justice, and that the Pretender had a right to his best services. After conviction these unfortunate men behaved for some time with great indifference; but, on the nearer approach of death, they grew more serious. On the morning of their execution, having been visited by some friends, they were drawn on a sledge to Kennington Common, where they were turned off as soon as their devotions were ended; and, after hanging about a quarter of an hour, they were cut down, their heads cut off, their bowels taken out and burnt, and their bodies conveyed to the New Gaol, Southwark; and on the following day they were interred in one grave, in the new burial-ground belonging to the parish of Bloomsbury. These unfortunate men suffered at Kennington Common on the 22d of August, 1746. Alexander M'Gruther, a lieutenant in the Duke of Perth's regiment, and who had been very active among the rebels, was condemned with the three parties above mentioned; but he had the happiness to obtain a reprieve through the interest of his friends. Many other of the prisoners tried and convicted in Surrey were reprieved, as proper objects of the royal mercy; but five of them suffered at Kennington Common on the 28th of the month above mentioned; one of whom at the place of execution drank a health to the Pretender. THOMAS CAPPOCK, EXECUTED FOR HIGH TREASON. SUCH anecdotes of this enthusiastic rebel as we have been able to glean from the public prints of the year 1745, we have put together, in order to allot to this wouldbe Right Reverend Father in God a memoir independent of the treacherous group among whom he swung on the gallows. On the 12th of August, 1746, the Lord Chief Baron Parker, Baron Clarke, and Judges Burnett and Dennison, arrived at Carlisle, and, by virtue of a special commission for that purpose to them directed, convened a Court for the purpose of trying the rebels found in arms on the surrender of Carlisle. On the 14th the Scotch prisoners were arraigned, but the witnesses in be half of the crown (also Scotchmen) refused to swear in the form prescribed by the laws of England. The judges therefore deferred the trial, in order to consult on this contumacy; but next morning allowed them to take the oath after the Scotch form. Bills of indictment were found against all the officers, as well as Bishop Cappock; but the common men, amounting to near four hundred, were ordered to cast lots; and of every twenty nineteen were to be transported, and the twentieth put upon his trial for high treason. Some few refused this lenity, depending upon so deceiving the evidence as not to recog◄ nise them for this purpose they cut off each other's hair, changed their clothing, and, by every other method which they could devise, disguised themselves. When the grand jury presented true bills, the whole of those indicted were brought to the bar, whom the Lord Chief Baron told that the Court desired them to choose what counsel they pleased, with a solicitor ;-that the Court had given orders to their clerk to make out subpoenas for them gratis, and by virtue thereof to bring forward such witnesses as they imagined could in any manner tend to their exculpation. In order to give them every chance for this end, the judges adjourned the Court, and proceeded to the city of York, where many more rebels were in confinement, and where bills were found against seventy-nine of them. It was near a month before they returned to Carlisle. On the 9th of September a considerable number were arraign. ed at the bar of the Court of the latter city, of whom fifty-nine pleaded not guilty. On the 10th forty-five more were brought up, and all pleaded not guilty, except three, one of whom was a desperate turbulent fellow, a rebel captain, named Robert Taylor, who had repeatedly vaunted that he would take Edin. burgh Castle in three days. The next day twelve more were arraigned, and among them was the more immediate subject of the present page--the rebellious bishop. He appeared at the bar in his gown and cassock, assumed much confidence, and seemed to entertain no idea that he could be convicted. He made a speech to the Court and jury, which chiefly went to show that he joined the rebels by com pulsion alone. He called his father, and one Mary Humphries, to sub ́stantiate this assertion; but their evidence fell far short of so doing. A witness, however, proved that the prisoner had made an attempt to escape from the rebels. On the other side it was proved that he voluntarily went with the rebels from Manchester to Derby, and thence back to Carlisle. It further appeared that wherever the rebels went he read public prayers for King James, and Charles, Prince of Wales, Regent of England. At Carlisle he appeared in character of the Church Militant, with a hanger by his side, a plaid sash and white cockade, acting also as a quartermaster. Another witness proved that this fighting bishop told him of his engaging two of the king's soldiers, and taking them both pri soners; and he also vaunted that his prince had offered battle to the Duke of Cumberland, who ran away; and that they (the rebels) returned to Scotland only to join Lord George Drummond, who had landed with many thousand French to assist their cause. His evidence, Miss Humphries, was shown a letter, which she acknowledged to be the handwriting of the bishop, wherein he had the effrontery to tell the barefaced falsehood of the Duke of Cumberland ordering him to be kept on half a pound of bread per day, and nasty water, because he advised to give battle to him at Stanwix, and protested against the surrender of Carlisle. The jury, notwithstanding the confidence apparent in the prisoner through his whole trial, which lasted six hours, in two minutes found him guilty.* * Another furious nonjuring priest was taken among the rebels, of the name of Robert Lyon. This turbulent rebel, under the gallows at Penrith, read a long and infamous libel against the king and government of England: and the sheriff permitted him to barangue in a similar strain near half an hour, with the halter round his neck. The priest, it seems, still did not abandon himself to his fate; for in a few days it was discovered that he and six more condemned rebels had sawed off their irons, and were about to attempt an escape. The instrument with which they effected this was prepared for the purpose by a new and curious method, and has been thus described:- They laid a silk handkerchief singly over the mouth of a drinking-glass, and tied it hard at the bottom; then struck the edge of a case-knife on the brim of the glass, (thus covered, to prevent noise,) till it became a saw. With such knives they cut their irons, and, when the teeth were blunt, they had recourse to the glass to renew them. A knife will not cut a handkerchief when struck upon it in this manner.' Cappock, with nine other convicted rebels, was hanged at Carlisle, on the 18th of October, 1746. In consequence of these convictions many estates were forfeited to the crown; but King George II. ordered them to be sold, and the whole produce, above twenty years' purchase, to be given to the orphans of those who had forfeited them. The rest was employed in establishing schools in the Highlands, and instructing the natives in useful arts. To enumerate the different trials of the rebels convicted and executed would nearly fill one of our volumes; and, having given the outlines of the treason in which they were all implicated, a recapitulation of the evidence, to the same tenor, is unnecessaay. Let it therefore suffice to say, that numbers were executed in different parts of England, and many of their heads placed on public buildings; and others transported to America. Yet we think our readers would be gratified by a knowledge of the escape of the leading man in this desperate insurrection-the young Pretender; and to this end we have selected the following interesting and genuine account: The decisive engagement of Culloden was fought on the 16th of April, 1746, in which the Pretender had his horse shot under him by one of the troopers in the king's service, as he was endeavoring to rally his people. After his forces were entirely defeated, he retired to the house of a factor of Lord Lovat, about ten miles from Inverness, where, meeting with that lord, he stayed supper. After supper was over he set out for Fort Augustus, and pursued his journey next day to Invergarry, where he proposed to have dined; but, finding no victuals, he set a boy to fishing, who caught two salmon, on which he made a dinner, and continued waiting there for some of his troops, who had promised to rendezvous at that place; but, being disappointed, he resolved to proceed to Lochharciage. He arrived there on the 18th, at two in the morning, and went to sleep, which he had not done before for five days and nights. He remained there till five o'clock in the afternoon, in hopes of obtaining some intelligence; but gaining none, he set out from thence on foot, and travelled to the Glen of Morar, where he arrived the 19th, at four in the morning. He set out about noon the same day for Arrashag, where he arrived about four in the afternoon. He remained here until joined by Captain O'Neil on the 27th, who informed him that there were no hopes of drawing his troops together again in a body, upon which he resolved to go to Stornway, in order to hire a ship to sail for France. 'The person employed for this purpose was one Donald M'Leod, |