July 16-A drive toward Warsaw is in progress by the Austro-German armies, Hindenburg advancing from the north while Mackensen moves from the south; Austrian forces cross the Driester and cooperate with the armies in Poland by advancing on Bessarabia.

July 17-Russians repulse Austrians on the

Vistula.

July 18-Germans and Austrians are developing a vast offensive along the whole Russian front, from the Baltic to Bessarabla, nearly 1,000 miles; at some points the Russian line is pierced; Mackensen is pushing north; Hindenburg's drive at Warsaw is rolling the Russians back toward the Narew River.

July 19-The whole Russian line between the Vistula and the Bug is falling back, fighting hard, the losses on both sides being heavy: Austrians push over the Wolicza River and also advance north of Sokal. July 20-Austro German armies advance along the whole line from the Gulf of Riga to Southern Poland; Teutons take Ostrolenka, Blonie, Grojec, and Radom; the German outposts are seventeen miles from Warsaw.

July 21-Russians make a stand north, south, and west of Warsaw, battling desperately to save the city; to the north, on the Narew River, Russians are delivering counterattacks from the fortresses of Rozan, Pultusk, and Novo Georgievsk; south of Ivangorod a great battle is being fought for the possession of the LublinChelm railway.

July 22-Russian forces southeast of Warsaw withdraw into Ivangorod, which is being attacked by the Austro-Germans; in the north, the Russians have evacuated Windau, getting it on fire before leaving; the Russians are retreating in the Baltic provinces, laying the country waste as they go; a German army is heading for Riga.

July 23-Russian forts are checking the Austro-German drive on Warsaw, the Teutons being halted both along the Vistula and the Narew.

July 24-Germans tighten their grip on Warsaw from the north, strong forces crossing the Narew River after storming two of the fortresses; Russians hold fast immediately west of Warsaw and along the line

of the Lublin-Chelm railroad; Russians are driven across the Vistula at Ivangorod; in Courland an open battle has been fought, the Germans claiming victory. July 25-Russians are threatening Mackensen's flank along the Bug River from east of Chelm to east of Lemberg; to the north, the German forces which crossed the Narew are advancing toward the Bug. July 26-German cavalry to the number of 30,000 are operating southeast of Shavli; the cavalry is attempting to seize the Vilna-Dvinsk railway preparatory to cutting the more important Kovno-Vilna line; Mackensen is being held in his attempt to throw his troops astride the LublinChelm railway; Hindenburg's troops are making progress near Novo Georgievsk. July 27-Russians check the attempted German enveloping movement both north and south of Warsaw; by counterattacks the Russians force the Germans back across the Narew River at several points; Germans advance toward the Vilna-Petrograd railway; Mackensen fails to make further advance toward the Lublin-Chelm railway.

July 28-The Russians are holding the AustroGerman forces everywhere.

July 29-Russians resist successfully at Chelm and Lublin; the Russian newspapers are preparing the public for the evacuation of Warsaw and the whole line of Vistula forts.

July 30-Mackensen takes part of the LublinChelm railway; Germans break Russian lines near Warsaw at many points; Warsaw is now practically emptied of its civil population, and Russian troops are demolishing portions of the city.

July 31-Austrians occupy Lublin; Russians hold at some points north of Warsaw, but are being thrown back along the whole line elsewhere; Russian troops are evacuating Warsaw.

Aug. 1-Mackensen takes Chelm and sweeps on; Hindenburg is checked in the north. Aug. 2-Mackensen continues to advance; in

the far north the Germans take Mitau; Germans are moving 42-centimeter guns to batter Warsaw.

Aug. 4.-Austro-German forces are attacking the fortresses of Warsaw, the Russians having fallen back to the outer lines of the city.

Aug. 5-Germans occupy Warsaw, capital of Poland and the third largest city in the Russian Empire, the Bavarians, commanded by Prince Leopold, taking over the city in the name of the German Emperor and his consort; the Russian armies are falling back to a new line; the Germans capture few prisoners and little artillery in Warsaw, the place having been stripped; in the north the Germans are ten miles from Riga, which has been evacuated by civilians.

Aug. 6-Austro-German forces take Ivan

gorod; with the exception of the great intrenched camp of Novo Georgievsk, now invested, the Russians have evacuated the whole line of the Vistula River. Aug. 7-Germans attack Kovno and Osso

wetz.

Aug. 8-German army threatening Riga is checked; Germans cross the Vistula near Warsaw; Germans take one of the outlying forts of Novo Georgievsk; Russians are retiring slowly, and along the Narew are offering stubborn resistance; Mackensen's attempt to flank the new Russian line from the south is checked. Aug. 9-Germans are heavily bombarding Kovno and Lomza; Russians force back Germans in the Riga region.

Aug. 10-Austro-German forces capture

Lomza.

Aug. 11-Germans reach the Warsaw-Petrograd Railroad at the junction southeast of Ostrov.

Aug. 12-Russians repulse Germans near Riga and near Kovno.

CAMPAIGN IN WESTERN EUROPE. July 16-French recapture most of the ground in the Argonne recently occupied by the German Crown Prince's army.

July 18-Germans check French at Souchez; French check Germans on the heights of the Meuse.

July 19-French repulse repeated German attacks on the heights of the Meuse, near Senvaux artillery; engagements in progress near Souchez.

July 20-British capture 150 yards of German trenches east of Ypres; Rheims is again bombarded.

July 21-French start a new offensive in the Vosges; they capture heights dominating the valley of the Fecht River from the east; Germans gain on the eastern edge of the Argonne.

July 22-French win heights both west and north of the town of Münster, ten miles southwest of Colmar, in Alsace.

July 23-There is severe fighting around Münster, in Alsace, both French and Germans claiming successes; Germans are massing on the Meuse.

July 24-Lively artillery actions near Souchez and in the Forest of Le Prêtre. July 25 French capture advanced German trenches in the Ban-de-Sapt region of the Vosges; Germans bombard Dunkirk;

British gain ground by mine operations near Zillebeke.

July 30-Germans, by the aid of flame projectors, take British trenches near Hooge, east of Ypres.

Aug. 1-British regain part of their lost trenches at Hooge.

Aug. 4 French repulse lively German attacks in the Argonne.

Aug. 6-Furious artillery fighting in Artois, the western Argonne, and the Forest of Apremont.

Aug. 7-French repulse Germans in the Argonne and the Vosges.

Aug. 8-Violent attacks on the French positions at Linge, in the Woevre, are thrown back with great loss.

Aug. 9-British capture 1,200 yards of German trenches near Hooge, including all the ground lost on July 30.

Aug. 11-German Crown Prince's army attacks strongly in the Argonne, winning some trenches.

ITALIAN CAMPAIGN.

July 16.-The Italians are strongly fortifying all positions captured from the Austrians; trenches are being excavated and platon which to forms constructed mount heavy guns; heavy artillery fighting is in progress in Carinthia. July 18-Italians begin offensive in Cadore from encampments on Mounts Averau, Busella, and Pore.

July 20-Italians attack on a seventy-fivemile front, making a general assault from Tarvis to the Adriatic shore; Italians advance five miles in Cadore.

July 21-Italians, making a general attack along the Isonzo, gain ground, at some points piercing the Austrian lines; Italians capture the approaches to Goritz. July 22-Gorizia and Tolmino are practically surrounded by Italians; furious Austrian attacks fail to break the investing lines.

July 23-Italian offensive continues along the whole of the Isonzo front; Italians are making slow progress near Plava and Gorizia.

July 24-Italians are pushing operations against Gorizia, General Cardona being in personal command, under the eyes of the King.

July 25-Austrian General Staff evacuates Gorizia, which is undergoing the heaviest bombardment it has yet received; Italians destroy the strongest fort at Plava; at Ternova the Italians force back the Austrians two miles; Italians are practically the masters of the north shore of Lake Garda.

July 27-The fighting which has been going on for days along the Isonzo is declared by military observers to be one of the fiercest and most sanguinary struggles of the war, there being enormous losses on both sides.

July 28-Italians repulse 170,000 Austrians

at Gorizia.

Aug. 1-Italians take a general offensive on the Tyrol, Trentino, and Carnia fronts. Aug. 4-Italian pressure is increasing on Rovereto.

Aug. 6-Italians capture the summit of Monte San Michele, which dominates Gorizia. Aug. 12-Austrians repulse strong Italian attacks near Zagora.

TURKISH CAMPAIGN.

July 19-British gain ground on the Gallipoli Peninsula; official report issued in London states that the British have occupied Sukesh-Sheyukh, on the Euphrates River, in Arabia, and are now attacking the Turks below Nasiriyeh.

July 24-British official statement says there has been further fighting in Southern Arabia, in which the British won; British now hold Sheikh Othman firmly; a Turkish attack on the Allies' positions on the Gallipoli Peninsula is repulsed.

Aug. 2-Australians and New Zealanders take the crest of an important ridge on the Gallipoli Peninsula, improving the British position.

Aug. 6-General Sarrail takes command of the French troops at the Dardanelles. Aug. 7-Heavy fighting at Ari Burnu and Sedd-el-Bahr.

Aug. 9-Allies gain ground near Krithia.

CAMPAIGN IN AFRICA.

July 16-It is officially announced in London that on June 29 the Entente allied forces occupied Ngaundere, an important town in Central Kamerun.

Aug. 9-It is officially announced in Paris that the French have taken several German posts in Kamerun; the French have captured that part of the Congo ceded to Germany in 1911.

NAVAL RECORD-GENERAL.

July 20-A fleet of fifty-nine Turkish sailing vessels, laden with war supplies for the Turkish Army in the Caucasus region, was destroyed during the last few days in the Black Sea, near Trebizond, by Russian torpedo boat destroyers. July 23-Austrian cruisers bombard the Italian east coast, damaging the Adriatic railway stations at Chienti, Campo Marino, Fossacesia, Termoli, San Benedetto, Grottamare, and Ortona. July 25-British trawler Grimsby is sunk by a mine, the crew of ten being killed. July 26-For the past three days a bombardment of the Turkish positions inside the Dardanelles has been in progress, the Allies seeking to destroy the Turkish positions on the Asiatic shore. Aug. 3-It is reported from Petrograd that nearly 900 Turkish vessels have been burned or sunk in the Black Sea by Rus

sian destroyers since the beginning of the war.

Aug. 4-A French prize court confirms the seizure of the American cotton steamer Dacia, formerly a German ship, the decision meaning that France does not recognize the transfer of belligerent vessels.

Aug. 8-A German fleet of nine battleships, twelve cruisers, and many torpedo boat destroyers attacks the entrance to the Gulf of Riga, but is repulsed, three ships being damaged by Russian mines; British patrol steamer Ramsey is sunk by German auxiliary steamer Meteor in the North Sea; subsequently the crew of the Meteor blow her up, the ship being surrounded by British cruisers.

Aug. 9-British torpedo boat destroyer Lynx is sunk in the North Sea by a mine, many of crew being lost; British auxiliary cruiser India is torpedoed and sunk off the Norwegian coast.

NAVAL RECORD-SUBMARINES.

July 16 The German submarine U-51 has been sunk in the Black Sea by Russian warships, according to information received from Varna, a Bulgarian port on the Black Sea.

July 17-Cunarder Orduna arrives in New York after having escaped by ten feet a torpedo fired without warning by a German submarine off Queenstown on July 9; the submarine then shelled the Orduna, but missed her.

July 18-An Austrian submarine torpedoes and sinks the Italian cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi in the Adriatic, off Ragusa; most of the crew are saved.

July 21-According to British statements, the battleship recently sunk in the Baltic by a British submarine was the Pommern; semi-official German statement that any German battleship has been sunk in the Baltic by a submarine.

denies

July 23-British submarines are operating in the Sea of Marmora and have sunk Turkish ships.

July 24-German submarines sink Russian steamer Rubonia and British trawler Star of Peace, the crews being saved. July 25-American steamer Leelanaw, with a cargo of flax, which has been declared by Germany to be contraband, is sunk by a German submarine off the Orkney Islands; the ship is given full warning, and the crew safely makes port; German submarines sink French steamship Danae, British steamer Firth, and trawlers Henry Charles, Kathleen, Activity, Prosper, and Briton, all British; the Firth loses four men and the Briton six.

July 26-British submarine sinks German torpedo boat destroyer near the German

coast.

July 27-German submarines sink British trawlers Rosslyn, Celtic, Cydorna, Gad

well, Strathmore, Honoria, Cassio, Hermione, Sutton, and Emblem, the crews escaping; German submarines sink Norwegian sailing ships Harboe and G. P. Harbitz, and Danish steamer Nogill. July 28-German submarines sink British steamer Mangara, British trawlers Iceni and Salacia, British smack Westward Ho, Swedish steamer Emma, Swedish bark Sagnadalen, and Danish schooners Maria, Neptunis, and Lena. July 29 German submarines sink Belgian steamship Princesse Marie Jose and Swedish bark Fortune, the crews being saved. July 30 German submarine sinks Norwegian steamship Trondhjemsfjord.

July 31-German submarine sinks the British steamer Iberian of the Leyland Line; German submarines sink eight British trawlers, crews being saved.

Aug.

7-German submarines sink British steamer Glenravel, British trawler Ocean Queen, and Swedish steamer Malmland. Aug. 8.-British submarine in the Dardanelles sink a battleship, a gunboat, and a transport, all Turkish.

Aug. 9-A submarine of the Entente powers sinks Turkish battleship Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa, formerly the Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm of the German Navy. Aug. 10-German submarine burns Danish schooner Jason.

Aug. 11-Italian submarine torpedoes and sinks the Austrian submarine U-12 in the Adriatic Sea; German submarines sink British steamer Oakwood, Norwegian bark Morna, French bark François, Russian bark Baltzer, and seven British trawlers; British submarines torpedo the Turkish cruiser Breslau (formerly German) in the Black Sea.

AERIAL RECORD.

July 16-French squadron of ten aeroplanes bombards the military station at Chauny. July 19-French dirigible drops twenty-three

bombs on the military railroad station and ammunition depot at Vigneulles-les

Hattonchâtel.

July 20-Thirty-eight French aviators bombard the station at Conflans-en-Janisy; six French aeroplanes bombard Colmar station, dropping sixteen shells on buildings and trains; four French aeroplanes drop forty-eight shells at the junction station at Challerange, south of Vouziers. July 22-French aviators bombard the station of Autry, northwest of Binarville. July 23-German aeroplanes drop bombs on the railway triangle at St. Hilaire, in Champagne.

July 27-Austrian aeroplane drops twelve bombs on Verona.

Aug. 6-Italian dirigibles bombard Austrian encampments and railroad stations. Aug. 9-Twenty-eight French aeroplanes bombard the station and factories of Saarbrücken, northeast of Metz.

Aug. 10-A squadron of Zeppelins bombards the English east coast. GERMANY.

July 17-The Foreign Office has issued a report on conditions in Belgium during the early days of the war, which is a reply to the findings of Lord Bryce's Belgian Atrocity Commission.

Aug. 1-The Teutonic allies, after a year of war, occupy 78,378 square miles of hostile territory.

GREAT BRITAIN.

July 20-Largely through the work and influence of Lloyd George, the Welsh coal miners' strike is ended.

July 27-The casualties in the British Army and Navy have reached a total of 330,995; the total military casualties up to July 18 were 321,889, and the total naval casualties up to July 20 were 9,106.

July 31-British estimates show that the first year of the war has given a total loss in men killed of 2,500,000 and a total loss in men wounded of 5,000,000.

RUSSIA.

Aug. 9-Petrograd newspapers announce that the Czar has rejected an offer of peace made to him by the Kaiser through the King of Denmark.

UNITED STATES. July 16-Formal notice is given to Great Britain through Ambassador Page that the United States holds that the rights of Americans, who have cases before British prize courts, rest upon international law, and not upon various Orders in Council or municipal law. July 24-The text is made public of the third note from the United States to Germany on the Lusitania and on submarine warfare generally; President Wilson has called for reports on the subject of national defense.

July 25-Telegrams from people in all parts of the United States, approving the last note to Germany, are received by President Wilson; the Berlin press assails the note, declaring it is unneutral and threatening.

July 26-British Government replies to the American note of March 30, protesting against the British Orders in Council aiming to cut off overseas trade with Germany.

Aug. 2-Two supplemental notes are received from Great Britain defending her blockade; a note is received from Germany upholding her contentions in the Frye

case.

RELIEF.

July 25-Official Red Cross statement made public at Washington says that American Red Cross doctors and nurses will be withdrawn from the European battle front on Oct. 1, because of lack of funds to maintain them longer at their stations.