the German Customs Union after the Luxemburg pattern.

3. Belgian neutrality, having been proved an impossibility, must be abolished. Therefore the harbors of Belgium must be secured for all time against British or French invasion.

4. Great Britain having bottled up the North Sea, a mare liberum must be established. England's theory that the sea is her boundary, and all the sea her territory down to the three-mile limit of other powers, cannot be tolerated. Consequently the Channel coasts of England, Holland, Belgium, and France must be neutralized even in times of war, and the American and German doctrine that private property on the high seas should enjoy the same freedom of seizure as private property does on land must be guaranteed by all nations. This condition Herr Dernburg accompanies by an appeal to the United States duly to note, and Britain is making commercial war upon Germany.

5. All cables must be neutralized.

6. All Germany's colonies are to be returned. Germany, in view of her growing population, must get extra ter

ritory capable of population by whites. The Monroe Doctrine bars her from America, therefore she must take Morocco, "if it is really fit for the purpose."

7. A free hand must be given to Germany in the development of her commercial and industrial relations with Turkey "without interference." This would mean a recognized sphere of German influence from the Persian Gulf to the Dardanelles.

8. There must be no further development of Japanese influence in Manchuria. 9. All small nations, such as Finland, Poland, and the Boers in South Africa, if they support Germany, must have the right to frame their own destinies, while Egypt is to be returned, if she desires it, to Turkey.

These conditions, Herr Dernburg concludes, would "fulfill the peaceful aims which Germany has had for the last forty-four years." They show, in his opinion, that Germany has no wish for world dominion or for any predominance in Europe incommensurate with the rights of the 122,000,000 Germans and Austrians.

Feb. 1-Russians retake Borjimow trenches and capture men of Landsturm; severe cold hampers operations in Galicia. Feb. 2-Germans advance, with heavy losses, southward toward the Vistula and eastward between Bejoun and Orezelewo. Feb. 3-Russians again pour into Hungary as Austrians yield important positions; German position north of the Vistula is insecure.

Feb. 4-Von Hindenburg hurls 50,000 men at Russian lines near Warsaw.

Feb. 5-Russians reported to have killed 30,000 Germans under Gen. Mackensen; Rus sians recapture Gumine.

Feb. 6-General German offensive is looked for; Russians shift troops in East Galicia and Bukowina.

Feb. 7-Germans rush reinforcements to East Prussia; second line of trenches pierced by Russians near Borjimow; Austrians resume attacks on Montenegrin positions on the Drina.

Feb. 8-Russian cavalry sweeps northward

toward East Prussia; Russians move their right wing forward in the Carpathians but retire in Bukowina; Germans shift 600,000 troops from Poland to East Prussia, using motor cars; Italians say that 15,000 Germans died in attempting to take Warsaw. Feb. 9-Austro-German forces attack Russians at three points in the Carpathians; Russians begin the evacuation of Bukowina, where Austrians have had successes; Russians make a wedge in East Prussia across Angorapp River.

Feb. 10-Fierce fighting in the Carpathian passes; Russians are retreating from Bukowina.

Feb. 11-Russians fall back in Mazurian Lake district; they still hold Czernowitz.

Feb. 12-Von Hindenburg, as a result of a several days' battle, wins a great victory over the Tenth Russian Army in the Mazurian Lake region, part of the operations taking place under the eyes of the Kaiser; more than 50,000 prisoners are taken, with fifty cannon and sixty machine guns; the Russians retreat in disorder across the frontier, their loss in killed and wounded being estimated at 30,000; a sec

ond line of defense is being strengthened by the Russians; Paris announces the complete failure of German offensive in Poland.

Feb. 14-Russians check Germans in Lyck region; battle raging in Bukowina; Albanians invade Servia and force Servians to retreat from the frontier.

Feb. 15-Russian lines hold in the north; Austrians state that Bukowina has been entirely evacuated by the Russians; Germans retake Czernowitz.

Feb. 16-Germans occupy Plock and Bielsk; Russians fall back in North Poland; Austrians win in Dukla Pass; Servians drive back Albanian invaders.

Feb. 17-Germans prepare for attack along whole Russian front; cholera and typhus gain headway in Poland.

Feb. 18-Belgrade bombarded; Germans try to cut off Warsaw.

Feb. 19-Germans abandon march to Niemen; they march toward Plonsk from two directions; they occupy Tauroggen.

Feb. 20-Germans repulsed at Ossowetz; Russians bombard Przemysl; Germans capture French Hospital Corps in East Prussia. Feb. 21-Russians force fighting from East Prussia to Bukowina.

Feb. 22-Russians make progress in Galicia and the Carpathians; it is said that German and Austrian armies are being merged.

Feb. 23-Russians force Germans back along the Bobr; Germans assemble greater forces at Przanysz; Russians destroy two Austrian brigades between Stanislau and Wyzkow; Austrians repulsed near Krasne. Feb. 24-Russians have successes in the Carpathians near Uzrok Pass.

Feb. 25-Germans besiege Ossowetz; Russians gain in the Carpathians and again invade Bukowina; Russian wedge splits Austrian Army in the Carpathians; fighting on Stanislau Heights.

Feb. 26-Fighting in progress on a 260-mile front; battle in north sways to East Prussian frontier; Germans retire in Przanysz region; Germans claim capture of eleven Russian Generals in Mazurian Lake battle; snow and intense cold hinder operations in Bukowina.

Feb. 27-Germans retire in the north; Russians recapture Przanysz; German battalion annihilated on the Bobr; Russians advance in Galicia and claim recapture of Stanislau and Kolomea; stubborn fighting north of Warsaw.

Feb. 28-Russians are attacking along whole front; Germans checked in North Poland and many taken prisoners; General Brusiloff's army is claimed by the Russians to have thus far captured 188,000 Austrians. CAMPAIGN IN WESTERN EUROPE. Feb. 1-Germans evacuate Cernay and burn Alsatian towns as French advance. Feb. 3-Germans try to retake Great Dune; Allies make gains in Belgium; fighting at Westende.

Feb. 5-Allies are making a strong offensive movement in Belgium.

Feb. 7-British take German trenches at Guinchy.

Feb. 9-Germans again bombard Rheims, Soissons, and other places; fighting on skis is occurring in Alsace.

Feb. 14-Germans are making preparations for an offensive movement in Alsace. Feb. 16-French forces gain in Champagne and advance on a two-mile front; fighting in La Bassée.

Feb. 18-Allies make offensive movements; Germans give up Norroy.

Feb. 23-Germans use Austrian twelve-inch howitzers for bombardment of Rheims. Feb. 26-French gain on the Meuse. Feb. 28-Germans advance west of the Vosges, forcing French back four miles on a thirteen-mile front; French gain in Champagne, taking many trenches.

CAMPAIGN IN AFRICA.

Feb. 3-Portugal is sending reinforcements to Angola, much of which is in German hands, although there has been no declaration of war between Portugal and Germany; some of the anti-British rebels in South Africa surrender.

66

Feb. 4-Germans have evacuated Angola; some South African rebel leaders, including Prophet Vankenbsburg, surrender. Feb. 6-Germans are repulsed at Kakamas, a Cape Colony village.

Feb. 13-Germans have won a success against the British on the Orange River; German East Africa is reported now clear of the enemy; Germans have invaded Uganda and British East Africa.

Feb. 16-Trial of General De Wet and other South African rebel leaders is begun. Feb. 21-German newspaper report charges that German missionaries are tortured ly pro-British Africans.

Feb. 26-Botha heads British troops that plan invasion of German Southwest Africa.

TURKISH AND EGYPTIAN CAM

PAIGN.

Feb. 1-Turks withdraw forces from Adrianople to defend Tchatalja; Russian victories over Turks in the Caucasus and at Tabriz prove to be of a sweeping character; Turks have been massacring Persians.

Feb. 2-American Consul, Gordon Paddock, prevented much destruction by Turks at Tabriz.

Feb. 3-Turks, while trying to cross Suez Canal, are attacked by British, many of them being drowned; Turks are driven back at Kurna by British gunboats. Feb. 4-Turks routed, with heavy loss, in two engagements on the Suez Canal, New Zealand forces being engaged; Turks are near Armageddon.

Feb. 5-British take more Turkish prisoners. Feb. 7-British expect Turks again to attack

Suez Canal, and make plans accordingly. Feb. 8-Turks in Egypt are in full retreat; their losses in dead have been heavy. Feb. 13-British wipe out Turkish force at Tor.

Feb. 17-Work of Consul Paddock in saving British property at Tabriz is praised in British House of Commons.

Feb. 22-Turks are massacring Armenians in Caucasus towns; Turks make general retirement on Damascus.

Feb. 28-Turks have evacuted the Sinai Peninsula.

NAVAL RECORD-GENERAL.

Feb. 1-German submarine seen near Liverpool; there is a new theory that infernal machines in coal caused blowing up of the Formidable and the Bulwark. Feb. 2-English shipping paper offers reward of $2,500 to first British merchant vessel that sinks a German submarine; German submarine tries to torpedo British hospital ship Asturias; men from a Swedish warship are killed by a mine. Feb. 3-German auxiliary is sunk by British cruiser Australia off Patagonia; German destroyer reported sunk by Russians in the Baltic.

Feb. 4-British ships shell Germans at West

ende.

Feb. 5-Germans deny that Russians sank
a destroyer in the Baltic.
Feb. 7-Allied fleets menace the Dardanelles.
Feb. 9-Turkish cruiser bombards Yalta;
Russians shell Trebizond.

Feb. 10-Germans are said to have sunk casks of petrol off the English coast for use by their submarines; French Government, in report to neutrals, denounces sinking of refugee ship Admiral Ganteaume.

Feb. 11-Cargo of American steamship Wilhelmina, bound for Hamburg, is seized by British at Falmouth, and a prize court will pass upon question whether food destined only for German civilians can go through in neutral bottoms; it is generally understood that the Wilhelmina shipment was made as a test case; German submarines, driven into Norwegian ports by storm, are forced to put to sea again.

Feb. 13-Two British steamers long overdue are believed to have been sunk by the Germans.

Feb. 14-Canada is guarding her ports more vigilantly; the Captain of British steamer Laertes is decorated for saving his ship from a German submarine by fast manoeuvring.

Feb. 15-British steamer Wavelet hits mine in English Channel and is badly damaged; British submarines are in the Baltic; Austrian fleet bombards Antivari.

Feb. 16-Captain of the German battlecruiser Blücher dies from pneumonia contracted when his ship went down in the North Sea fight; British merchant collier Dulwich is torpedoed and sunk off French coast.

Feb. 17-French steamer Ville de Lille is sunk by German submarine.

Feb. 18-German auxiliary cruiser Kronprinz Wilhelm has sunk six British ships off the coast of Brazil.

Feb. 20-Allied fleets are pounding the Dardanelles forts with great effect; German steamer Holger interned at Buenos Aires. Feb. 21-Berlin papers report that a British transport, loaded with troops, has been sunk.

Feb. 22-Two German submarines are missing; Germans are building submarines near Antwerp.

Feb. 23-Australian mail boat Maloja fired on by armed merchantman in English Channel; operations at the Dardanelles interrupted by unfavorable weather. Feb. 24-British capture German steamer Gotha; British armed merchantman Clan Macnaughton reported missing.

Feb. 25-The four principal forts at the entrance of the Dardanelles are reduced by the allied British and French fleet; three German submarines are sent to Austria for use in the Adriatic and Mediterranean. Feb. 26 Inner forts of Dardanelles are being shelled; mine sweeping begun; wreckage indicates disaster to German submarine U-9 off Norwegian coast; French destroyer Dague hits Austrian mine off Antivari; Allies blockade coast of German East Africa.

Feb. 27-Forty British and French warships penetrate the Dardanelles for fourteen miles; French cruiser seizes, in the English Channel, the American steamer Dacia, which was formerly under German registry and belonged to the Hamburg-American Line, and takes her to Brest; a French prize court will determine the validity of her transfer to American registry; British skipper reports that the German converted cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich sank a British ship and a French ship in December.

Feb. 28-Allied fleet prepares to engage the strongest and last of the Dardanelles defenses; land attack in conjunction with the fleet is being considered; English and French flags now fly over wrecked forts; London welcomes seizure of Dacia by French.

NAVAL RECORD-WAR ZONE.

Feb. 4-Germany proclaims the waters around Great Britain and Ireland, except a passage north of Scotland, a war zone from and after Feb. 18, and states that neutral ships entering the zone will be in danger, in consequence of the misuse of neutral flags said to have been ordered by the British Government.

Feb. 6-Decree is discussed by President Wilson and the Cabinet; dangers of complications for the United States are foreseen; indignation is expressed in Italy, Holland, and Denmark; text of the decree is submitted to the United States State Department by Ambassador Gerard.

Feb. 9-Some European neutrals intend to have the names of their ships printed in huge letters on ships' sides and the national colors painted cn.

Feb. 11-The State Department makes public the text of the American note, dated Feb. 10, sent to Ambassador Gerard for delivery to the German Government; the note is firm but friendly, and tells Germany that the United States will hold her "to a strict accountability" should commanders of German vessels of war "destroy on the high seas an American vessel or the lives of American citizens." Feb. 12-Ambassador Gerard delivers the American note to the German Foreign Secretary and has a long conference with him.

Feb. 13-The German Legation at The Hague warns neutral vessels against entering the war zone; German Foreign Office comments on the friendly tone of the American note; Germany has requested the United States to advise ship owners to man vessels sailing to German ports with subjects of neutral States.