E'en those young knights, whose joyous tilts
Are but a dreamland chivalry,

Whose thrust and parry 'mong the flow'rs
Is all their errantry,

Are restless with the battle-lust

And eager for the lance's thrust,
The shock of destiny!

With orient visions on the Lawn,
And they will not forever walk
But forth into the world will fare
The way their race has gone :
A knightly race of men were they,
Brave squires in the immortal day
One hour this side the dawn!

THE UNIVERSITY AND LATIN-AMERICA.

BY JAMES BARDIN.

During the past five years, thanks to the efforts of the PanAmerican Union and its brilliant director, Mr. John Barrett; of the American Association for International Conciliation, of the National Association of Manufacturers, and other organizations of similar nature, there has been a wide-spread interest aroused throughout the United States in Latin-American affairs. Commercial interchange was the most immediate basis upon which such interest was founded. The tremendous trade of Latin-America, amounting five years ago to more than one billion, seven hundred million dollars a year, naturally attracted the attention and stimulated the thought of North American business men, who suddenly realized that they were not getting their share of this great commerce. As a consequence of this realization of our loss, an organized effort began to be made to draw some of this trade toward North America, and this effort has grown rapidly and has taken on many forms and activities. The result already has been of great financial benefit and

cultural improvement to this country, and as yet only a beginning has been made.

It was soon realized by hard-headed executive business men in this country that trade could not be secured to any extent until North Americans learned more about Latin-Americans; North American standards and business methods were found to be inapplicable in the southern republics. The Spanish and Portuguese languages offered an initial difficulty of great importance, and one not easy to overcome. The peculiar and distinctive characteristics of the Latin-Americans, their ways of conducting business, the particular demands of their trade, also presented many obstacles. The social forms, the prejudices, the manners, the likes and dislikes, the very art, literature and history of these peoples were found to be factors playing a very decided rôle in the business problems of every day. And it was early perceived that if North America was to get her share of the trade of the Latin republics, it was absolutely imperative to study the life of these nations in all its aspects.

Although seriously handicapped by popular indifference and ignorance, and by unfavorable cultural standards in education throughout the United States, a great deal has been accomplished toward realizing this purpose of becoming acquainted with Latin-American life. Schools teaching Spanish have greatly increased in number, students have multiplied fivefold, and in one or two universities, departments have been established for the purpose of offering instruction in Latin-American history, life and commerce. The recent passage of the Federal Banking Act has at last permitted the establishment of branches of United States national banks throughout Latin-America, and the great and growing demand for men to conduct these institutions will undoubtedly serve to stimulate still further the development of such teaching, and will increase the number of students entering the field. The general growth of schools for instruction in such subjects goes on slowly but surely, and there are many signs to indicate that the teaching of Spanish and Portuguese, and of Latin-American affairs will ere long occupy a principal place in North American universities, and even in the secondary schools.

The University of Virginia-never backward in sensing the needs of her prospective students-realized some years ago the

importance of the Latin-American situation, and began to take steps to develop as far as possible a school for teaching Spanish and-to a small extent-the life of Latin-America as revealed in literature, art and history. The result has been very encouraging. The school of Spanish has increased just four fold in the number of students, and for the last two years, a course in the Portuguese language has been offered. It is gratifying to be able to announce that during the winter term just beginning, there will be inaugurated a course of lectures which will greatly support the work of the school of Spanish and Portuguese, and will at the same time offer to all the students of the University the opportunity, hitherto denied them, of learning something about the principal characteristics of the republics lying to the south of us from various points of view.

These lectures will be conducted by the adjunct professor of Spanish and the adjunct professor of Political Science jointly. They will cover first of all the physical geography of LatinAmerica, and the students will be shown how the physical conformation and the climatic peculiarities of the region have affected civilization and development. The native races will then be considered, a brief account of their history will be given, and their relationship to the problems of government, labor and education at the present day will be pointed out. Following this, the Spanish conquest and the colonial epoch will be studied, and the germs of the revolutionary spirit will be traced throughout. Particular attention will be given to showing the students how the colonial régime has affected the growth and success of the republics, and how the French and North American ideas and ideals of republican government have fared in the hands of the peoples of these nations during the revolutionary period and afterwards. Finally, an account will be given of present day governments, economic problems, growth of commerce, the rise of municipal life, and the moulding of social forms by immigration and increasing facility of transportation and communication, and the students will be encouraged as much as possible to read books dealing with present day conditions in Latin-America, for the purpose of forming a just and serviceable idea of the life in these countries and the problems they present to the foreigner who would deal with them.

It is hoped that this course of lectures will soon be able to expand, and that a school, or at least a professorial chair, may be established for the purpose of offering extensive instruction in this field. Were such a school or chair established, and its work correlated with the work of the schools of Spanish and Portuguese, Economics and Political Science, Roman and International Law, and perhaps Journalism, Virginia would be in a position to offer to prospective students an opportunity to prepare themselves for work in the Latin-American field that would be unrivaled.

ALUMNI LEADERS IN SOUTHERN EDUCATION.

EDWARD SOUTHEY JOYNES, '53.*

In an ivy-covered house on the historic campus of the University of South Carolina lives one of the greatest men that Virginia has given to the service of learning and the cause of education in this generation. Dr. Edward Southey Joynes is the most widely known of all the professors of modern languages in the South today. His is a name mentioned with reverence and affection wherever scholars are gathered together, a name that is a synonym for sound learning, preeminent ability, and scholarly production. Dr. Joynes has just completed the eightieth year of his age, and is enjoying the peaceful and quiet retirement well earned by more than half a century of masterly effort for the promotion of education.

Dr. Joynes was born in Accomac County, on the Eastern. Shore of Virginia, March 2, 1834. He is a son of Thomas R. and Anne Bell (Satchell) Joynes, and a grandson of Major Levin Joynes of the Continental Army, who was a descendant of some of the earliest English settlers of the Old Dominion.

His early educational advantages were exceptional. In addition to the training received at the "Old Field School," which he has described so charmingly in "The Educational," he enjoyed the rare privilege of attending the famous Concord Academy,

*Article by Dr. George A. Wauchope in the Alumni Record of the University of South Carolina.

near Fredericksburg, where he was a favorite pupil of the distinguished Frederick W. Coleman. By this prince of teachers he was fired with a lifelong enthusiasm for the study of languages, especially Greek and Latin. He had also spent a year at the Academy at Newark, Delaware, and completed the sophomore class at the historic Delaware College, which in 1875 honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws, as did also William and Mary College in 1878.

He entered the University of Virginia in 1850, and graduated from that institution with the degree of B. A. in 1852, and M. A. the following year. From 1853 to 1856 he served his Alma Mater as assistant professor of ancient languages under the illustrious Dr. Gessner Harrison. To prepare himself more completely for his lifework, he then spent four semesters, 1856 to 1858, in the University of Berlin, where he attended the lectures of such world-renowed scholars as Boeckh, Haupt, Bopp, and Benary. In 1858 while still in Europe, Mr. Joynes was elected professor of Greek and German in William and Mary College, next to Harvard the oldest college in America. Here in Williamsburg, famed since colonial days for its brilliant social life, he married, in 1859, one of Virginia's most lovely and gifted daughters, Miss Eliza Waller Vest, whose tender devotion has beautified his home life, and whose charm of manner and gracious hospitality have at all times endeared her to so large a number, both professors and students. Their life has been brightened by four children, Mrs. A. G. Fite, of Nashville, Tenn.; Captain Walker W. Joynes, of the United States Revenue Cutter Service: Mrs. Robert MacFarlan, of Darlington, S. C.; and Mrs. James W. Ragsdale, of Florence, S. C.

During the Confederate War, William and Mary being closed. Professor Joynes was employed from 1861 to 1864 in the Confederate States War Department at Richmond, serving with Secretaries Walker, Randolph, Benjamin, and Seddon. Here he gained much sad but valuable experience, and learned much of the keenest sorrows of the great war. It was during this time that he published in the Magnolia Weekly his recollections of student life in Germany, some of which have been recently repeated in The State.

From 1864 he was in charge of the department of Modern