ernor. His administration was a brief one of seven months. Another star had been added to the flag, and Washington was to take her place among the states of the union.

SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS.

I. Would a line north and south along the summit of the Cascades have been a better division of Washington Territory from Oregon than the Columbia River and the 46th parallel? Why?

2.

Was the amendment to the act creating the territory made by substituting the name "Washington" for Columbia a wise measure? Why?

3. Why did Congress give the territory a larger area than asked for in the memorial?

4.

What privileges had a territorial delegate in Congress?

5. Were the territories fairly represented in Congress?

6. Was it wise to appoint to territorial offices citizens of other states and territories?

7. Why were Pierce and King counties so named? 8. Why was not eastern Washington settled early as western Washington?

as

9. Did the presidents always make good selections in appointing governors of the territory?

IO. What governors of the territory were good executive officers?

II. Would it have been better when the territory of Idaho was cut off from Washington to have left the northern counties a part of Washington?

12. How did the "Reconstruction" controversy affect the interests of Washington Territory?

13. What caused the many changes in politics in the territory, as shown by the elections of delegates to Congress?

14. Is arbitration of differences between nations always better than war?

15. Was the decision of Emperor William a just one? Why?

16. Did Governor Squire do right in placing the city of Seattle under martial law?

17. Did the government do right in protecting the Chinese?

CHAPTER IV.

THE NORTHWEST BOUNDARY QUESTION.

To give the

106. The Extent of Originál Oregon. student a clear idea of the subject of this chapter, it is necessary to give the boundary of the country, the sovereignty of which was in dispute. Original Oregon was bounded on the north by the line 54° 40′ north latitude; on the east by a line along the summit of the Rocky Mountains; on the south by the 42d parallel of north latitude, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The state of Washington now occupies the middle portion of this territory. Four nations contended for the sovereignty over Oregon. Let us examine each of their claims.

107. Spain's Right to Oregon. We have seen in a preceding chapter that the navigators of Spain were the first to visit the northwest Pacific coast. If the discovery of a new country carries with it the right of sovereignty, then Spain certainly had the best right to portions of the original territory of Oregon. If military occupancy, in addition to discovery, strengthens the right of sovereignty, then Spain's claim to the island of Quadra and Vancouver was a good one. The spanish commandant, Martinez, occupied this island as early as the 6th of May, 1789. The Span

ish were undoubtedly the first discoverers of the west coasts of America as far north as the 56th parallel of north latitude.

108. Great Britain's Claims. Great Britain laid claim to Oregon by right of the discoveries of several of her navigators. The principal claims made by the commissioners of Great Britain in their negotiations with those of the United States are:

I.

2.

Discoveries made by Drake in 1579.

Discoveries made by Cook in 1778.

3. Explorations made by Meares in 1788.

1792.

Surveys and explorations made by Vancouver in

5. Settlement made by Thompson on the upper Columbia in 1811.

109. Examination of the Claims of Great Britain. Let us examine these claims of Great Britain in the light of historical facts:

I. There is no record that Drake ever touched or saw land as far north as the limits of original Oregon.

2. It is a matter of record that Cook made no discoveries within the limits of original Oregon which had not been made by the Spaniards and Russians prior to Cook's voyage to the northwest coast of the Pacific.

3. Meares at the time he was on the coast was in the employ of a Portuguese merchant and sailing under the Portuguese flag.

4. Captain Vancouver's "taking possession" of all the territory contiguous to Admiralty Inlet without bounds was most extravagant. How far from the