and his son Kalanikupule, in which the former was killed. Soon afterwards, Kalanikupule treacherously massacred Captains Brown and Gordon, who had assisted him in the late war, and seized their vessels in the harbor of Honolulu. Having put Having put his guns and ammunition on board, he proposed to sail immediately for Hawaii, in company with a fleet of war canoes, to attack Kamehameha. But the English sailors who had been reserved to navigate the two vessels, suddenly rose at midnight, recaptured them, and sailed for Hawaii, where they informed Kamehameha of all that had occurred. Kamehameha saw that his opportunity had now come, and lost no time in mustering all the war canoes and fighting men of Hawaii. After overrunning West Maui and touching at Molokai, he landed in Waialae Bay, Oahu, in the latter part of April, 1795. There, he spent a few days in organizing his army before marching up the valley of Nuuanu, where Kalanikupule had prepared to make his last stand. The Oahu warriors were soon routed and pursued up the valley. Some of the fugitives were hemmed in and driven over the "Pali," or precipice, at the head of Nuuanu, a little north of the present road. This victory made Kamehameha master of all the islands except Kauai and Niihau. With the exception of a short insurrection in Hawaii, there was peace during the rest of his reign.

The decrease of the population during this period must have been very rapid. Vancouver in 1792, Broughton in 1796, and Trumbull in 1801, were strongly impressed with the misery of the people and their rapid decrease in numbers. This was partly the result of wars, but was due still more to the diseases and vices introduced by foreigners. In the summer of 1804, a pestilence, supposed to have been the cholera, carried off half of the population of Oahu. Botany Bay convicts had introduced the art of distilling liquor before the year 1800, and drunkenness had become very prevalent.

During the first quarter of the present century, the sandal-wood

presently re and Kona were held by while the other district sanguinary war las

a

had ravaged West
he became master
assassination of hi

The name of

of a generous b
the northwest

visits to the:

ammunition

and presen
ever land
Kamehan

the prote
flag was
Afte

Island

mself at the head of the adherents of the s defeated and slain in the battle of Kuamoo, mber 20, 1819.

IVAL OF AMERICAN MISSIONARIES.

mpany of American missionaries to the Hawaiian Kailua April 4, 1820. They soon reduced the ting, and commenced printing the first book in They found in the Hawaiians an amiable and e race, eager for knowledge and easily influenced

Catholic missionaries arrived at Honolulu July 7, ship Comet, from Bordeaux, and soon gathered a They were members of the so-called “Picpusian Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and nfortunately, misunderstandings arose, and from a misf that they were fomenting discord, the chiefs caused deported to San Pedro, Cal., in January, 1832. rst whale ship called at Honolulu in 1820, and was owed by many others. Their number soon increased to ry year, and the furnishing of supplies for them became r resource of the Islands, as the sandalwood became

d.

young king, accompanied by his wife and six chiefs, sed for England November 27, 1823, on an English whale On their arrival in London, they received the utmost hosty and courtesy, but in a few weeks, the whole party was ked by the measles, of which the king and queen both died. anwhile, on the death of Kaumualii, a rebellion broke out in uai, led by his son, Humehume. A desperate assault was ade on the fort at Waimea, which was repulsed with loss. Over .000 warriors were sent down from Oahu and Maui, and a battle vas fought near Hanapepe August 18, 1824, in which the rebels were routed. The frigate Blonde, commanded by Lord Byron,

trade was at its height. This wood was in great request at Canton, where it was sold for incense and the manufacture of fancy articles. It was purchased by the picul of 1331⁄2 pounds, the price varying from $8 to $10 for the picul. This wood, while it lasted, was a mine of wealth for the chiefs, by means of which they were enabled to buy firearms, liquor, boats, and schooners, as well as silks and other Chinese goods, for which they paid exorbitant prices.

In March, 1810, Kaumualii, the last King of Kauai, visited Honolulu in the ship Albatross, Capt. Nathan Winship, in order to have an interview with Kamehameha. It was then arranged between the two chiefs that Kaumualii should continue to hold his island in fief of Kamehameha during his lifetime, on condition of paying tribute.

During the year 1815, a Dr. Scheffer was sent to the Islands. by Baranoff, the Russian Governor of Alaska. He built a fort at Waimea, for Kaumualii, on which the Russian colors were displayed, and urged him to place himself under the protection of Russia. On hearing of this, Kamehameha sent a large force to Honolulu, where a substantial fort was built during the year 1816. He also sent orders to Kaumualii to expel Dr. Scheffer, which was done.

Kamehameha I died on May 8, 1819, at Kailua, Hawaii. His work was done. He had consolidated the group under a strong government, put an end to feudal anarchy and petty wars, and thus prepared the way for civilization and Christianity. In accordance with his will, his eldest son, Liholiho, was installed as king, with the title of Kamehameha II, and Kaahumanu, his favorite queen, as premier, to exercise equal powers with the young prince. Their first important act was the abolition of the tabu system, which took place at a great feast held at Kailua in October, 1819, at which men and women ate together in public. for the first time. This was followed by the general burning of idols and temples throughout the group. Kekuaokalani, a cousin

of Liholiho, put himself at the head of the adherents of the ancient faith, but was defeated and slain in the battle of Kuamoo, fought about December 20, 1819.

ARRIVAL OF AMERICAN MISSIONARIES.

The pioneer company of American missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands arrived at Kailua April 4, 1820. They soon reduced the language to writing, and commenced printing the first book in January, 1822. They found in the Hawaiians an amiable and highly receptive race, eager for knowledge and easily influenced for good or evil.

The first Catholic missionaries arrived at Honolulu July 7, 1827, on the ship Comet, from Bordeaux, and soon gathered a congregation. They were members of the so-called “Picpusian Order," or "Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary." Unfortunately, misunderstandings arose, and from a mistaken belief that they were fomenting discord, the chiefs caused them to be deported to San Pedro, Cal., in January, 1832.

The first whale ship called at Honolulu in 1820, and was soon followed by many others. Their number soon increased to 100 every year, and the furnishing of supplies for them became the chief resource of the Islands, as the sandalwood became exhausted.

The young king, accompanied by his wife and six chiefs, embarked for England November 27, 1823, on an English whale ship. On their arrival in London, they received the utmost hospitality and courtesy, but in a few weeks, the whole party was attacked by the measles, of which the king and queen both died. Meanwhile, on the death of Kaumualii, a rebellion broke out in Kauai, led by his son, Humehume. A desperate assault was made on the fort at Waimea, which was repulsed with loss. Over 1,000 warriors were sent down from Oahu and Maui, and a battle. was fought near Hanapepe August 18, 1824, in which the rebels were routed. The frigate Blonde, commanded by Lord Byron,