Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and PhilosophyD.H. Helman Springer Science & Business Media, 29. 6. 2013 - Počet stran: 428 In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy. |
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... attributes that define the category ( Smith and Medin , 1981 ) . Various categories sharing attributes are grouped into a supercategory defined by those attributes . This produces the familiar modeling of categories by attribute - based ...
... attributes that define the category ( Smith and Medin , 1981 ) . Various categories sharing attributes are grouped into a supercategory defined by those attributes . This produces the familiar modeling of categories by attribute - based ...
Strana 7
... attributes common to all or most members of the category . An individual's degree of expertise with a certain domain of concepts can change the basic level for that individual for that domain , but a given linguistic community or dis ...
... attributes common to all or most members of the category . An individual's degree of expertise with a certain domain of concepts can change the basic level for that individual for that domain , but a given linguistic community or dis ...
Strana 8
... attributes . The basic level category has the highest cue validity . A category higher than the basic level has lower cue validity because its members have fewer attributes in common . ( This follows from the storage of most information ...
... attributes . The basic level category has the highest cue validity . A category higher than the basic level has lower cue validity because its members have fewer attributes in common . ( This follows from the storage of most information ...
Strana 11
... ATTRIBUTES ABOVE THE BASIC LEVEL Rosch showed that above the basic level , contrasting categories of concrete objects overlap little . If this generalizes to categories of things other than concrete objects , it explains that we can ...
... ATTRIBUTES ABOVE THE BASIC LEVEL Rosch showed that above the basic level , contrasting categories of concrete objects overlap little . If this generalizes to categories of things other than concrete objects , it explains that we can ...
Strana 19
... attributes from source domain onto the target domain , and that “ literal similarity ” maps object - attributes as well as object - relations . She offers as examples " The atom is like our solar system " ( analogy ) vs. “ The K5 solar ...
... attributes from source domain onto the target domain , and that “ literal similarity ” maps object - attributes as well as object - relations . She offers as examples " The atom is like our solar system " ( analogy ) vs. “ The K5 solar ...
Obsah
25 | |
41 | |
SMADAR KEDARCABELLI Analogy From a Unified | 63 |
PAUL THAGARD Dimensions of Analogy | 105 |
Processes | 125 |
RUSSELL GREINER AbstractionBased Analogical Inference 147 | 146 |
DEDRE GENTNER BRIAN FALKENHAINER and JANICE | 171 |
MARK H BURSTEIN Combining Analogies in Mental | 179 |
STUART RUSSELL Analogy by Similarity | 251 |
ILKKA NIINILUOTO Analogy and Similarity in Scientific | 270 |
THEO A F KUIPERS Inductive Analogy by Similarity | 299 |
ANALOGY AND INFORMATION | 314 |
LINDLEY DARDEN and ROY RADA Hypothesis Formation | 341 |
DANIEL ROTHBART Analogical Information Processing | 377 |
JOSEPH AGASSI Analogies Hard and Soft 401 | 400 |
INDEX OF NAMES | 421 |
Další vydání - Zobrazit všechny
Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive ... D.H. Helman Zobrazení fragmentů - 1988 |
Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive ... D.H. Helman Náhled není k dispozici. - 1988 |
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abstract analogical inference analogical problem solving analogical reasoning analogical transfer analogy by similarity argument Artificial Intelligence assumption attributes base domain basic level behavior Burstein Carbonell CARL case-based reasoning chromosome Cognitive Science Cognitive Science Society components concepts conjectures consider constraints context corresponding cue validity defined described determination dimensions entities equation example experience fact formula function genes Gentner germ cell given goal Greiner heuristic Holyoak human HYPO hypothesis formation important inductive logic instantiation justification Kedar-Cabelli knowledge language lexemes Machine Learning Markov chain match meaning mental models metaphor metatext Niiniluoto NLAG objects part-whole particular Philosophy of Science plausible possible predictions principle probability problem situation properties reasoning by analogy relations relevant representation represented retrieval Rosch rules satisfy schema scientific semantic solution solvers structure-mapping syntactic target domain target problem Thagard theory tion Turing test understanding University variable vector Winston