Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and PhilosophyD.H. Helman Springer Science & Business Media, 29. 6. 2013 - Počet stran: 428 In the last few years, there has been an enormous amount of activity in the study of analogy and metaphor. This is partly because of an interest of artificial intelligence researchers in simulating learning processes using analogy. It also arises from critical examinations of standard theories in the philosophy of language, with their inbuilt literal/meta phoric distinction. This volume consists of recent previously unpub lished work in this area, with a particular emphasis upon the role of analogies in reasoning and, more generally, their role in thought and language. The papers are contributed by philosophers, computer scientists, cognitive scientists and literary critics. Researchers in these fields whose focus is the study of analogy and metaphor will find much of interest in this volume. These essays can also serve as an introduction to some of the major approaches taken in the investigation of analogy. As noted, this volume brings together the work of researchers in several different disciplines. The various approaches taken with respect to the understanding of analogy tend to be rather different, however, the articles suggest a common conclusion. Analogy and metaphor pervade thought and language; their close investigation thus constitutes a valuable contribution to our understanding of persons. DAVID H. HELMAN Case Western Reserve University vii PART I CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL THEORIES OF ANALOGICAL UNDERSTANDING MARK TURNER CATEGORIES AND ANALOGIES I want to pursue the following claims: The way we categorize helps explain the way we recognize a statement as an analogy. |
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... tion between contrasting categories . For example , the basic - level categories chair and table seem quite different . But one level lower , most kinds of chairs seem to us to be quite similar , as do most kinds of tables . Contrasting ...
... tion between contrasting categories . For example , the basic - level categories chair and table seem quite different . But one level lower , most kinds of chairs seem to us to be quite similar , as do most kinds of tables . Contrasting ...
Strana 10
... tion . To transcend the distinction , we transcend the category structure by recognizing analogy . Here are some examples where a mental model is equated with a contrasting mental model at the basic level : Consider : Books are embalmed ...
... tion . To transcend the distinction , we transcend the category structure by recognizing analogy . Here are some examples where a mental model is equated with a contrasting mental model at the basic level : Consider : Books are embalmed ...
Strana 13
... tion of knowledge . Analogy - transcendence of this representation of knowledge - can announce itself by violating legitimate instantiation , as in " The President is a pig . " A second instance - based principle for recognizing analogy ...
... tion of knowledge . Analogy - transcendence of this representation of knowledge - can announce itself by violating legitimate instantiation , as in " The President is a pig . " A second instance - based principle for recognizing analogy ...
Strana 25
... tion it becomes virtually impossible to make the case that an analogy is irreducibly constitutive of our experience and understanding , for it becomes an abstract after - the - fact way of expressing an already - con- stituted or ...
... tion it becomes virtually impossible to make the case that an analogy is irreducibly constitutive of our experience and understanding , for it becomes an abstract after - the - fact way of expressing an already - con- stituted or ...
Strana 39
... tion of analogies in our understanding and reasoning . They are crucial in determining what will count as an appropriate source - domain , when there will be a well - motivated analogical projection from source to target , and what the ...
... tion of analogies in our understanding and reasoning . They are crucial in determining what will count as an appropriate source - domain , when there will be a well - motivated analogical projection from source to target , and what the ...
Obsah
25 | |
41 | |
SMADAR KEDARCABELLI Analogy From a Unified | 63 |
PAUL THAGARD Dimensions of Analogy | 105 |
Processes | 125 |
RUSSELL GREINER AbstractionBased Analogical Inference 147 | 146 |
DEDRE GENTNER BRIAN FALKENHAINER and JANICE | 171 |
MARK H BURSTEIN Combining Analogies in Mental | 179 |
STUART RUSSELL Analogy by Similarity | 251 |
ILKKA NIINILUOTO Analogy and Similarity in Scientific | 270 |
THEO A F KUIPERS Inductive Analogy by Similarity | 299 |
ANALOGY AND INFORMATION | 314 |
LINDLEY DARDEN and ROY RADA Hypothesis Formation | 341 |
DANIEL ROTHBART Analogical Information Processing | 377 |
JOSEPH AGASSI Analogies Hard and Soft 401 | 400 |
INDEX OF NAMES | 421 |
Další vydání - Zobrazit všechny
Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive ... D.H. Helman Zobrazení fragmentů - 1988 |
Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive ... D.H. Helman Náhled není k dispozici. - 1988 |
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abstract analogical inference analogical problem solving analogical reasoning analogical transfer analogy by similarity argument Artificial Intelligence assumption attributes base domain basic level behavior Burstein Carbonell CARL case-based reasoning chromosome Cognitive Science Cognitive Science Society components concepts conjectures consider constraints context corresponding cue validity defined described determination dimensions entities equation example experience fact formula function genes Gentner germ cell given goal Greiner heuristic Holyoak human HYPO hypothesis formation important inductive logic instantiation justification Kedar-Cabelli knowledge language lexemes Machine Learning Markov chain match meaning mental models metaphor metatext Niiniluoto NLAG objects part-whole particular Philosophy of Science plausible possible predictions principle probability problem situation properties reasoning by analogy relations relevant representation represented retrieval Rosch rules satisfy schema scientific semantic solution solvers structure-mapping syntactic target domain target problem Thagard theory tion Turing test understanding University variable vector Winston