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SEC. 7. The times of holding the Supreme Court, and Dis- When and trict Courts, shall be as fixed by law. The terms of the Su- Courts to be preme Court shall be held at the seat of government, and the held. terms of the District Courts shall be held at the county seats of their respective counties; provided, that in case any county shall be hereafter divided into two or more districts, the Legislature may, by law, designate the places of holding Courts in such districts.

the Peace.

Jurisdiction restricted.

SEC. 8. The Legislature shall determine the number of Justices of Justices of the Peace to be elected in each city and township of the State, and shall fix, by law, their powers, duties and responsibilities; provided, that such Justices' Courts shall not have jurisdiction of the following cases, viz: First-Of cases in which the matter in dispute is a money demand or personal property, and the amount of the demand (exclusive of interest), or the value of the property, exceeds three hundred dollars. Second-Of cases wherein the title to real estate, or mining claims, or questions of boundaries to land, is or may be involved; or of cases that in any manner shall conflict with the jurisdiction of the several Courts of Record in this State. And, provided further, that Justices' Courts shall have such Criminal criminal jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law; and the Jurisdiction. Legislature may confer upon said Courts jurisdiction, concurrent with the District Courts, of actions to enforce mechanics' Jurisdiction. liens, wherein the amount (exclusive of interest) does not exceed three hundred dollars; and, also, of actions for the possession of lands and tenements, where the relation of landlord and tenant exists, or when such possession has been unlawfully or fraudulently obtained or withheld, The Legislature shall also prescribe, by law, the manner, and determine Appeals. the cases in which appeals may be taken from Justices' and other Courts. The Supreme Court, the District Courts, and Courts of such other Courts as the Legislature shall designate, shall be Record. Courts of Record.

Concurrent

Municipal

SEC. 9. Provision shall be made, by law, prescribing the powers, duties and responsibilities of any Municipal Court that Courts. may be established in pursuance of section one of this article; and also fixing, by law, the jurisdiction of said Court, so as not to conflict with that of the several Courts of Record.

ceive fees,

SEC. 10. No judicial officer, except Justices of the Peace Not to reand City Recorders, shall receive, to his own use, any fees or etc. perquisites of office.

other office.

SEC. 11. The Justices of the Supreme Court and the Dis- Ineligible to trict Judges shall be ineligible to any office, other than a judicial office, during the term for which they shall have been elected; and all elections or appointments of any such Judges, by the people, Legislature, or otherwise, during said period, to any office other than judicial, shall be void.

Charge to
Juries.

SEC. 12. Judges shall not charge juries in respect to matters of fact, but may state the testimony and declare the law. SEC. 13. The style of all process shall be "The State of Nevada," and all prosecutions shall be conducted in the name process. and by the authority of the same.

Style of

civil action.

SEC. 14. There shall be but one form of civil action, and Form of law and equity may be administered in the same action.

Salaries.

SEC. 15. The Justices of the Supreme Court and District Judges shall each receive, quarterly, for their services, a compensation to be fixed by law, and which shall not be increased or diminished during the term for which they shall have been elected, unless in case a vacancy occurs, in which case the successor of the former incumbent shall receive only such salary as may be provided by law at the time of his election or apHow paid. pointment; and provision shall be made by law for setting apart from each year's revenue a sufficient amount of money to pay such compensation; provided, that District Judges shall be paid out of the County Treasuries of the counties composing their respective districts.

Court fee, or tax.

vacated.

SEC. 16. The Legislature, at its first session, and from time to time thereafter, shall provide, by law, that upon the institution of each civil action, and other proceedings, and also upon the perfecting of an appeal in any civil action or proceeding in the several Courts of Record in this State, a special Court fee or tax shall be advanced to the Clerks of said Courts, respectively, by the party or parties bringing such action or proceeding, or taking such appeal; and the money so paid in shall be accounted for by such Clerks, and applied towards the payment of the compensation of the Judges of said Courts, as shall be directed by law.

SEC. 17. The Legislature shall have no power to grant Office, when leave of absence to a judicial officer, and any such officer who shall absent himself from the State for more than ninety consecutive days, shall be deemed to have vacated his office.

When super seded.

Impeachment.

How tried.

SEC. 18. No judicial officer shall be superseded, nor shall the organization of the several Courts of the Territory of Nevada be changed, until the election and qualification of the several officers provided for in this article.

ARTICLE VII.—IMPEACHMENT AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE.

SECTION 1. The Assembly shall have the sole power of impeaching. The concurrence of a majority of all the members elected shall be necessary to an impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate, and when sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice, according to law and evidence. The Chief Justice of to preside. the Supreme Court shall preside over the Senate while sitting to try the Governor or Lieutenant-Governor, upon impeachNo person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the Senators elected.

Chief Justice

Conviction. ment.

Who liable

ment.

SEC. 2. The Governor and other State and judicial officers, to impeach- except Justices of the Peace, shall be liable to impeachment for misdemeanor or malfeasance in office; but judgment in such case shall not extend further than removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office of honor, profit or trust under this State. The party, whether convicted or acquitted, shall, nevertheless, be liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.

SEC. 3. For any reasonable cause, to be entered on the journals of each house, which may or may not be sufficient grounds for impeachment, the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of

Court and

the Supreme Court, and Judges of the District Courts, shall be Justices' of removed from office on the vote of two thirds of the members Supreme elected to each branch of the Legislature, and the Justice or District Judges may Judge complained of shall be served with a copy of the com- be removed. plaint against him, and shall have an opportunity of being heard in person or by counsel, in his defense; provided, that no member of either branch of the Legislature shall be eligible to fill the vacancy occasioned by such removal.

from office of

SEC. 4. Provision shall be made by law for the removal from Removal office of any civil officer, other than those in this article previ- civil officer. ously specified, for malfeasance or nonfeasance in the performance of his duties.

ARTICLE VIII.-MUNICIPAL AND OTHER CORPORATIONS.

SECTION 1. The Legislature shall pass no special Act in any No special manner relating to corporate powers, except for municipal pur- legislation. poses; but corporations may be formed under general laws; and all such laws may, from time to time, be altered or repealed.

what subject

SEC. 2. All real property, and possessory rights to the same, Taxation, as well as personal property in this State, belonging to corpo- to rations now existing, or hereafter created, shall be subject to taxation the same as property of individuals; provided, that the property of corporations formed for municipal, charitable, religious or educational purposes, may be exempted by law.

secured.

SEC. 3. Dues from corporations shall be secured by such Dues may be means as may be prescribed by law; provided, that corporators in corporations formed under the laws of this State shall not be individually liable for the debts or liabilities of such corporation.

SEC. 4. Corporations created by or under the laws of the Territory of Nevada, shall be subject to the provisions of such laws until the Legislature shall pass laws regulating the same, in pursuance of the provisions of this Constitution.

SEC. 5. Corporations may sue and be sued in all courts in Corporations like manner as individuals.

SEC. 6. No bank notes, or paper of any kind, shall ever be permitted to circulate as money in this State, except the Federal currency, and the notes of banks authorized under the laws of Congress.

may sue.

Bank notes prohibited.

SEC. 7. No right of way shall be appropriated to the use of Right of any corporation until full compensation be first made or secured way.

therefor.

of cities and

SEC. 8. The Legislature shall provide for the organization Organization of cities and towns by general laws, and restrict their powers of citie of taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit, except for procuring supplies of

water.

donate or

loan.

SEC. 9. The State shall not donate or loan money or its state, not to credit, subscribe to, or be interested in the stock of any company, association or corporation, except corporations formed for educational or charitable purposes.

SEC. 10. No county, city, town or other municipal corporation shall become a stockholder in any joint stock company,

not to

County, etc., corporation or association whatever, or loan its credit in aid of any such company, corporation or association, except railroad stockholder. corporations, companies or associations.

become

Fiscal year.

Legislature

for levying an annual

tax.

ARTICLE IX.-FINANCE AND STATE DEBT.

SECTION 1. The fiscal year shall commence on the first day of January in each year.

SEC. 2. The Legislature shall provide by law for an annual to provide tax, sufficient to defray the estimated expenses of the State for each fiscal year; and whenever the expenses of any year shall exceed the income, the Legislature shall provide for levying a tax sufficient, with other sources of income, to pay the deficiency, as well as the estimated expenses of such ensuing years [year] or two years.

State may contract debts.

of debt.

SEC. 3. For the purpose of enabling the State to transact its business upon a cash basis, from its organization, the State may contract public debts; but such debts shall never, in the agRestriction gregate, exclusive of interest, exceed the sum of three hundred thousand dollars, except for the purpose of defraying extraordinary expenses as hereinafter mentioned. Every such debt shall be authorized by law for some purpose or purposes, to be distinctAnnual tax. ly specified therein; and every such law shall provide for levying an annual tax sufficient to pay the interest semi-annually, and the principal within twenty years from the passage of such law, and shall specially appropriate the proceeds of said taxes to the payment of said principal and interest; and such appropriation shall not be repealed, nor the taxes be postponed or diminished until the principal and interest of said debts shall have been wholly paid. Every contract of indebtedness entered into, or assumed, by or on behalf of the State, when all its debts and liabilities amount to said sum before mentioned, shall be void and of no effect, except in cases of money borrowed to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, defend the State in time of war, or, if hostilities be threatened, provide for the public defense.

Proceeds, how appropriated.

When contract void.

State not to assume in

SEC. 4. The State shall never assume the debts of any debtedness. County, town, city or other corporation whatever, unless such debts have been created to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or to provide for the public defense..

Taxation to be equal.

ARTICLE X.-TAXATION.

SECTION 1. The Legislature shall provide by law for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxation, and shall prescribe such regulations as shall secure a just valuation for taxation of all property, real, personal and possessory, excepting mines and mining claims, the proceeds of which alone shall be taxed, and, also, excepting such property as may be exempted by law for municipal, educational, literary, scientific, religious or charitable purposes.

ARTICLE XI.-EDUCATION.

SECTION 1. The Legislature shall encourage, by all suitable

when-elected

means, the promotion of intellectual, literary, scientific, mining, Superinmechanical, agricultural and moral improvements; and, also, tendent, provide for the election, by the people, at the general election, of a Superintendent of Public Instruction, whose term of office shall be two years from the first Monday of January, A. D. Term of eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and until the election and the qualification of his successor, and whose duties shall be prescribed by law.

office.

be uniform.

SEC. 2. The Legislature shall provide for a uniform system School of common schools, by which a school shall be established and system, to maintained in each school district at least six months in every year, and any school district neglecting to establish and maintain such a school, or which shall allow instruction of a sectarian character therein, may be deprived of its proportion of the interest of the public school fund during such neglect or infraction, and the Legislature may pass such laws as will tend to secure a general attendance of the children in each school district upon said public schools.

propriated

SEC. 3. All lands, including the sixteenth and thirty-sixth Lands apsections in every township, donated for the benefit of public for educa schools in the Act of the thirty-eighth Congress, to enable the tional purpeople of Nevada Territory to form a State Government, the poses. thirty thousand acres of public lands granted by an Act of Congress, approved July second, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-two, for each Senator and Representative in Congress, and all proceeds of lands that have been, or may hereafter, be granted or appropriated by the United States to this State, and also the five hundred thousand acres of land granted to the new States, under the Act of Congress distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several States of the Union, approved A. D. eighteen hundred and forty-one; provided, that Congress make provisions for, or authorizes such diversion to be made for the purpose herein contained, all estates that may escheat to the State, all of such per cent. as may be granted by Congress on the sale of land, all fines collected under the penal laws of the State, all property given or bequeathed to the State for educational purposes, and all proceeds derived from any or all of said sources, shall be and the same are hereby solemnly pledged for educational purposes, and shall not be transferred to any other fund for other uses; and the interest thereon shall, from time to time, be apportioned among the several counties in proportion to the ascertained numbers of the persons between the ages of six and eighteen years in the different counties, and the Legislature shall provide for the sale of floating land war- Sale, how rants to cover the aforesaid lands, and for the investment of all made. proceeds derived from any of the above mentioned sources, in United States bonds, or the bonds of this State; provided, that the interest only of the aforesaid proceeds shall be used for Proviso. educational purposes, and any surplus interest shall be added. to the principal sum; and, provided further, that such portions of said interest as may be necessary may be appropriated for the support of the State University.

SEC. 4. The Legislature shall provide for the establishment University. of a State University, which shall embrace departments for

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