CONTENTS. the export of wheat from these new States continue ?—Quantity xiii Page 221 FROM BUFFALO TO THE FALLS, AND DOWN LAKE ONTARIO TO KINGSTON IN LOWER CANADA. Case of American cleverness.-Butcher in Buffalo.-Influence of Europe on the progress of American cities.-Cause of dif ference in the progress of Canadian and New York cities.— Lake Erie. Supposed periodical rise and fall in the level of the great lakes.-Water discharged by the Niagara River.— Hotel at the Falls.-Coloured waiters.-Geological Section at the Falls.-Wearing action of the water.-Influence of the winds on Lake Erie.-Influence of the noise of the Falls on their impression upon the mind. - Railway to Lewistown. View from the mountain ridge. - Voyage on Lake Ontario.-Profits of New York farming by a New York farmer.—City of Oswego.—Sackett's Harbour.—Railway to Canada.-Kingston in Upper Canada.-Character of the Upper Canadians.-Difference between a Canadian and a New York wife to a working man, Kingston. CHAPTER X. KINGSTON AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. Show of the Upper Canada Agricultural Society.— Implements in the show-yard. - Canadian coffee. - British sympathy with colonial grievances.-Alleged pusillanimity of the Governor-general. Wheat the surest crop in Canada West.-Total produce of Canada West, and average yield per acre.-Diminished productiveness of the wheat-crop.—Social position of the farming class in Upper Canada. United - 242 xiv CONTENTS. Page Empire Loyalists.-Indian-corn whisky.-Extensive manufac- 264 CHAPTER XI. MONTREAL AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. Montreal.-New churches.-Ruins of the Parliament House.- Why 287 CHAPTER XII. FROM QUEBEC DOWN THE ST LAWRENCE TO THE MITIS RIVER. Land opposite Quebec. Its quality and value.-Few immigrants into this region.-Roman Catholic seminary.-Self-sacrifice of the teachers -Falls of Montmorenci.-Sun-setting on Quebec. -Proportions of the different sects.-Comparative prosperity of Montreal and Quebec. - Fires in the latter city.-Journey down the St Lawrence.-Flat lands of St Thomas.-St Roque CONTENTS. des Annais.-Long farming streets.-Upper Bay of Kamouraska. XV Page 322 CHAPTER XIII. THE AGRICULTURE AND WHEAT-PRODUCING CAPABILITY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA-AND THE NAVIGATION OF THE ST LAWRENCE. Ideas generally entertained of American fertility and agricultural resources. - Agriculture as an art in North America.- Effect of general exhaustion on the production of staple crops.Retreat of the wheat-exporting lands towards the west.-Remarkable change in Lower Canada.-Its effect on the cornmarkets of the world.-Similar changes probable in other parts of North America.-Import duty on Canadian Corn.— Would its removal benefit Canada as a whole?-Why can Rochester millers compete with Canadian?-Large profits expected in Canada.-Growth of flax and export of linseed.— The St Lawrence the natural outlet of the Lake-bordering countries.-Exertions of Canada in the construction of canals. -Its energy compared with that of New York.-Ohio wheat will prefer the St Lawrence to the Mississippi route.-Importance of this route to the political independence of the free North-western States.-Difficulties and future prospects of the navigation of the St Lawrence, 354 CHAPTER XIV. FROM MITIS ON THE ST LAWRENCE BY THE KEMPT ROAD ACROSS THE PENINSULA OF GASPÉ TO CAMPBELTON AND DALHOUSIE ON THE RESTIGOUCHE. Road through the forest. Clearings and accommodations by the way. Great Metapediac Lake.-Little lake.-Burned forests and bridges.-Noble's.-First green fields.-Home associations. -Scotch settlers. - Yankee adventurers. · River Restigouche.-Flat lands.-Views on the river.-Old settlers, their fond recollections of home.-Home and provin cial geographers.—Indian settlement.— Sugar-loaf Mountain.— Agricultural societies and shows. — Lumber-trade on this river.-Town of Dalhousie.-Settlement on the Eel River.- Illustrations of social and domestic differences between the NOTES ON NORTH AMERICA CHAPTER I. Halifax in Nova Scotia.-Fresh complexions of the people.--Roman Catholic fête.-Roman Catholics in Halifax.-Precedence and title conceded to Bishops.—Coloured people in Nova Scotia.—Micmac Indians.-Maritime commerce of Nova Scotia, its certain extension. -Mackerel fishery.-Shoals of mackerel.-Export of salt fish.— Scratched rocks, and agricultural character of the neighbourhood of Halifax. Stony and unfertile surface of the coast line.-Young's Letters of Agricola.-Increase of population in Nova Scotia.-Proportion of the agricultural produce to the population.—Inner Bay of Halifax.-Railway from Halifax to Windsor.-Soils and forests of the Ardoise hills.-Drought of 1849.-Pacing horses of Canada.-How trained in Sardinia.-Gypsum quarries at Windsor.-River Avon.— Dyked alluvial lands of the Bay of Minas.-Varieties of land, and their money-values.—Sand plain of Aylesford.—Structure of the vale of Annapolis.-Town of Annapolis.-Ice-holes in the North Mountains.-Ironworks of Bear river.-Healthiness of the country.— Handiness of the Nova Scotians.-Blue-nose provincialisms. On Saturday the 28th of July, at 3 P.M., I sailed from Liverpool in the steam-ship America. We took the northern course; lost sight of the west coast of Ireland on the afternoon of Sunday the 29th; about noon of the following Sunday came in sight of Newfoundland; and VOL. I. A |