Conflicts in the Middle East Since 1945

achieve administration al-Qaeda allies American Arab world Arab–Israeli conflict Arafat arms army attacks attempts autonomy Baghdad Beirut British ceasefire century Chapter Christian civil confrontation context crisis decades declared despite dispute dominated economic Egypt Egyptian emergence enemy establishment ethnic factors forces Gaza Strip Hizballah hostilities ideological increasingly influence international community Intifada involvement Iran Iranian Iraq Iraq’s Iraqi Islamic Islamist Israel Israeli issue Jewish Jews jihad Jordan Kurdish Kurds Kuwait leaders leadership Lebanese liberation London major Middle East military movement Muslim Nasser nationalist negotiations neighbours occupied ofthe Ottoman Palestine Palestinian Palestinian–Israeli parties peace process peacemaking perceived political population President pressure radical regime region relationship religious resolution role Saddam Hussein Saudi Arabia Shi’a South Lebanon Soviet Union strategic Sunni superpower Syria territory terrorism threat treaty troops Turkey Turkish United uprising violence Washington weapons West Bank Western Yasser Arafat Zionist