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AN AMERICAN GENERAL ON THE WAR.

"The war will be over by fall, and the German submarine will win it," declared General Samuel Pearson, of Scranton, Pa., to a reporter of the New York "Staats-Zeitung" when he arrived on March 24th on the Danish steamer ilellig Olav. "The real submarine war has not commenced as yet; when Germany once begins it with all the power at her disposal, England will get the surprise of her life, and give in very quickly."

General Pearson was American Consul at Johannesburg, South Africa, when the Boer war broke out, and took part in the war against England as Quartermaster General of the Boer forces. At the outbreak of the present war he was sojourning in Germany, where he stayed until now, and has watched the unrolling of events with critical and expert eyes.

"It is possible," he said, "that there are still people here who believe in a defeat of Germany in this gigantic struggle for her existence, and it is also possible that the allies themselves are still hoping for a victory. Anybody, however, who has been in Germany since the outbreak of the war, and has kept his eyes and ears open, as I have done, cannot have any doubts as to the outcome of the war. Germany will, and must remain victor because it is one and indivisible, because all her preparations for this war have been made with the most wonderful foresight, and because her organization is so perfect that nothing has gone wrong since the beginning of the war. Any odds that may have been against her have been The wiped out by her submarines. German tribes and states ever since the declaration of war are more like a great big family than they have ever been before, and on her own soil Germany can never be overcome. The Germans of whom it was said formerly, "Two Germans, three opinions,' now have only one opinion about the war, 'Forward till everything that is opposing us has been overcome,' and a people of seventy million, to whom this has become a kind of religious dogma, cannot be vanquished, and if the civilized world should go up against them.

"The German submarines will win the war in the long end, and I do not believe that it will take longer than fall. The real submarine war has not even begun, for most of the 116 German submarines are at present busy with laying 30,000 mines all around England. When that war once begins England will experience the surprise of her existence, against which the German 42centimeter mortars will have been child's play. England may have made her calculations very accurately, but I believe that she has left the German submarines out of her calculations and that will be her doom. In the German ship yards forty thousand men are working day and night to complete further submarines, and I have been told that more than one of them is launched every week. Building material is on hand in great quantities, money more than sufficient, and as to soldiers and sailors, Germany will never want for them. Let America furnish the allies with all the guns and munitions they

want, Germany manufactures herself everything that she needs, and her food supply is sufficient until the next crop; the neutrality' of the United States can only make the war last longer, but can have no decisive influence on the outcome.

"Personally I do not think so much of the Zeppelins as of the German submarines, but I am not an expert and as I have furthermore not seen these big airships in action I cannot judge authoritatively. It seems to me that they offer too large a target even if they have to be hit a number of times to be injured fatally. One thing is sure, that so far no aeroplane has been invented which could become dangerous to a Zeppelin. A Zeppelin can carry bombs of a maximum weight of four tons and there is no doubt about it that in a hostile fortress it could cause enormous destruction if only these bombs could be thrown with more accuracy.

"I am not of the opinion that the present way of fighting in trenches is something new. During the Boer war we used trenches with great success against the English, and Lee and Grant had used them during the Civil war.

"As to the Dardanelles, Germany is not troubled a bit. During the last five years they have been newly fortified by the Germans, and the old fortifications were at the same time greatly strengthened. I know that at the narrowest point of the channel are placed some 42 cm. mortars on either side, and if the battleships of the allies really should succeed to get that far, further they will not get.

"In Germany everything goes on as usual. The streets of Berlin have the same appearance as in times of peace except that you see soldiers everywhere. It is hard to believe when you see all these recruits, that already five to six million soldiers are in the field. In other countries it is not sufficiently recognized how little disturbance the war had produced in the everyday occupations of the German people, how business goes on as usual, and how at the same time there is a quiet but almost incredible enthusiasm permeating the whole people from the lowest to the very highest. If the neutral countries were correctly informed about all this I should think that the opinion would quickly change in favor of Germany, especially here in America, for the American loves to be on the winning side."

General Pearson declared that he would soon return to Germany, as he would not miss for the world the spectacle of the final German victory.

The German citizens of this country have heretofore avoided entering the political field as Germans. The spitework and falsifications of our newspapers and statesmen will be to blame if the Germans should find it necessary to organize a German party. Pressure always induces counter pressure. The Germans in America no longer want to tolerate oppression. From a Faithful Ameri

can.

The modern machine gun hasn't been able to put the bayonet out of business; which shows that you can't invent a substitute for courage.

THE NEW EUROPE AND THE
NEW CULTURE.*

The World War will bring us a new Europe and a new culture. This opinion was upheld by Dr. Max Maurenbrecher in a lecture delivered to the "Hamburger Ortsgruppe des Deutschen Monistenbundes." It is today that the dream of centuries, that was to have been realized in the reestablishment of the German Empire on January 18, 1871, has first become a reality. A new unit of feeling and purpose unites the whole of the German nation. The breaking out of the war has settled many disputes. It has removed the final opposition to the establishment of the empire, and we shall never again quarrel as to whether it is necessary to assure the security of the nation, by means of strong military forces. After the decision we are mutually determined to do what is necessary. The policy of our Emperor has always reckoned with the possibility of a war with England (Heligoland, the fleet, friendship with Turkey); but it aimed at rendering this war impossible.

Now England's declaration of war has cleared matters up. Our whole future will have an anti-British tendency.

But we are fighting against the English state, the universal empire, not against British culture or British people. Our trade will never more be able to exist in the shadow of British universal commerce; we have become independent. The British universal empire must be demolished if our policy is to flourish. It sounds harsh, but we must learn it and stand firm, then England's enemies will become our friends. Cultural intercourse with the British, however, must be taken up again after the war. In the same way we will look toward the East. Faithful to the promise made to his grandfather, the Emperor endeavored up to the last moment to keep peace with Russia. The Prussian government, too, has nearly always been backed up by Russia. But the Germans as a people were on the side of Austria, and felt Austria to be our friend and brother, Russia on the other hand, our enemy. The future of Germany now depends on her union with Austria. The watchword "Germans against Slavs" is now done away with, for the Slavs of AustriaHungary are our allies. It is now a case of antagonism between occidental and oriental culture. The war has drawn this dividing line very distinctly.

As a universal empire, Germany alone is too small; only in combination with her natural ally will she constitute a will-power sufficient to turn the balance. Either the state on the Danube will remain, or the Russian state. At any rate if we are not powerful enough to split up the Russian Empire into its elements, we must at least prevent any further expansion. We are looking forward to a union from the North Sea to the Persian Gulf; Germany, Austria, the Balkan States (as many as care to

See also Index for Macchiavelliism, by Dr. Paul Carus.-Editor.

join us), Turkey as far as the Indian frontier.

The speaker then turned his attention to the home policy. We do not depend on our ships for our bread, but on our farmers. Social democracy must learn to participate in the formation of our policy; the social idea must flow into the stream of culture.

WILL GERMANY BECOME A
REPUBLIC?

In a letter to the New York "Evening Mail" Mr. George Caillaux, of BritishHolland and French Huguenot ancestry, says: "What amuses me most is the prediction that the form of government in Germany will change to a re

public. Culture is the general

way in which a group of human beings live. It includes their economy and their politics. It is not a possession to satisfy, but a star we are determined to reach in the future. The lecturer touched delicately on the necessity for the fall of France and compared this with the internal growth of Germany out of the talent, the history and the present condition of the German nation. Fichte already saw in the hearts of the Germans the idea of cultivating a higher state of humanity. We shall form an economic power to sustain us, but we shall stand firm by our German culture. Our policy will constitute the means by which to climb up to a greater and firmer future. Then we shall experience a wonderful reconciliation with the history of our nation. It is just because we were split up and had to accustom ourselves to another culture, other religions and other political aims, that we are now able to enclose a portion of humanity within the bonds of culture without injuring them. We came later than other nations and were so much the fitter. This great reconciliation with our past is our best comfort, should everything turn out a mere vision. But if it is possible our WILL will bring about a new reality, for during the centuries we have grown capable of this work which the war is now to complete. This is the sacrifice, the tremendous stakes. But the goal is worth such a sacrifice, for it procures us the reconciliation for the private suffering.

The United States is not at war with any nation and the newspapers should be so conducted that the fact I will be made clear to all who read.

I do not see any reason for such a change. Everybody in Germany admires and loves the Kaiser; his administration was immensely successful; it brought prosperity and enormous wealth. A country seven-eighths the size of Texas, with 65,000,000 people, made remarkable progress in industry and scientific farming, so that the Gerin mans doubled their crops thirty years. Their prosperity, of course, depended on the forty years of peace and work.

"The municipal Governments are clean, and services are not equaled in any other country. The poor, sick and invalids are cared for in a remarkable way. Why should they change? To have every four years an election, we know, if we are honest, how these changes affect our business life. The uncertainty, what is to come next, would be very annoying for the conservative character of the Teutons.

"Besides, all of the responsible positions in Germany are held by people trained in their vocations and elected on account of their fitness. Graft is absolutely unknown, impossible."-From "The Crucible."

Reader, do you blame that German soldier who "upon a certain day took the farmer's hen away" to brake the monotony of the "large, furious, green sausages, built on a displeasing foundation of. stew?" We are almost inclined to believe that the German hating editorial writer of the "Chicago Herald" would do the same under equal conditions, although in his sanctum he may today pretend to be very shocked at every thing he himself and others of his ilk lay at the Germans' door. The Publisher of "War Echoes."

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and the British Prime Minister are for the first time beginning to realize clearly, that the world's war is a far harder thing than they had at first anticipated. When we glance back at the past seven months of war we find that all the military leaders and statesmen have miscalculated. The German general staff in the imagination that it could bring France to her knees before the Russian mobilization was completed; the French and Russian leaders because they had not thought that Germany could bring into the field such a mighty army to protect her two fronts as she has been able to do. The Russian ministry of war, in its idea that it could annihilate the German army. The greatest disillusion, however, lies in Churchill's often repeated statement of his thorough satisfaction with the competency of the navy as being able to rule the seas, upon the top of which comes the German blockade. Even if Germany does not manage to threaten England seriously, there will still remain the disagreeable sentiment that England, professing to rule the waves, has been unable to defend her own coasts.-The "Continental Times," Berlin.

*Yes, but only a Russian trick prevented this!-Editor.

The lies about German Socialists are in keeping with the doctored cablegrams that represent the German army as defeated all along the line. If the stories which are constantly appearing in the anti-German press of this country were true, the French, English and Russian armies should by this time be well on their road to Berlin. So far from this being the case, they are fighting to hold their own against the onward march of the Kaiser's troops, which at this writing are advancing with the irresistible momentum of a mighty avalanche menacing with destruction all that stands in its way.

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