Aggregate of interest and non-interest bearing debt. Certificates and treasury notes offset by an equal amount of cash in the treasury. 395,680, 156.63 Dollars. 931,070,340.00 1,280,860.26 1,328.031,356.89 1,327,819,802.39 830,579,089.00 832,186,089.00 Dollars. 931,070,340.00 Dollars. Dollars. 1,301,880.26 21.020.00 395,447,582.13 232,574.50 232,574.50 21.020.00 1,607,000.00 2,158,610,445,892,160,005,891.39 232,574.50 1,628,020.00 Decatur, STEPHEN, naval officer; born The Philadelphia had chased a Tripolitan in Sinnepuxent, Md., Jan. 5, 1779; died ship into the harbor in front of that town, near Washington, D. C., March 22, 1820; and struck upon a rock not laid down on entered the United States navy as a the charts. Fast bound, she was captured midshipman April 30, 1798, and rose to by the Tripolitans, and Captain Bain ABDoggett STEPHEN DECATUR captain in 1804. His first notable exploit was the destruction of the Philadelphia in the harbor of Tripoli, in the Preble Expedition, for which Congress gave him thanks, a sword, and promotion. bridge and his officers were made prisoners of war, and the crew were made slaves. Decatur caught a Tripolitan ketch laden with maidens, whom the Bashaw was sending to the Sultan at Constantinople as a present. The captured ketch was taken into the United States service and renamed the Intrepid. In her Decatur and seventy-four brave young men sailed for Tripoli, accompanied by the Siren, under Lieutenant (afterwards Commodore) Stewart. On a bright moonlit evening they sailed boldly into the harbor, warped alongside the Philadelphia, sprang on board, and after a fierce struggle all the Tripolitans were killed or driven into the sea, the Philadelphia was set on fire, and the Intrepid was towed out of the harbor by the boats of the Siren. The Bashaw was greatly alarmed by this display of American energy and boldness, and acted with more caution in the future. Decatur commanded a division of gunboats in the attack on Tripoli, Aug. 3, 1804. In this action Decatur commanded a gunboat, which he laid alongside of a large Tripolitan war-ship, which he captured after a brief struggle. Immediately boarding another vessel, Decatur had a desperate personal struggle with the commander. The fight was brief but deadly. Decatur slew his antagonist, and the vessel was captured. The Americans withdrew, but four days later renewed the conflict, which was indecisive, but on Aug. 24 and 28, and Sept. 3, Preble repeated the attack, and on the night of Sept. 4 the Intrepid, under Captain Somcrs as a fire-ship, was lost in the attack, with all on board. In command of the frigate United States, Decatur captured the frigate Macedonian, Oct. 25, 1812, for which Congress gave him a gold medal. The Macedonian was a new ship, rated at thirty-six, but carrying forty-nine guns. She was badly cut in the fight, and Decatur thought best to order his prize to Newport, while he returned in the United States to New London. Both sailed into New York harbor on New Year's Day, 1813. The Corporation gave Decatur the freedom of the city," and requested his portrait for the picture-gallery in the City Hall, where it still hangs. In January, 1815, after a running fight, the President, his flagship, was captured by a British squadron; KALORAMA. ALGIERS IN 1812. and a few months later he was sent to the Mediterranean, and compelled the government of Algiers to relinquish its barbarous conduct towards other powers and to pay for American property destroyed (see ALGIERS). He was appointed a navy commissioner in November, 1815, and made his residence in the fine mansion of Kalorama, about a mile from Georgetown, built by Joel Barlow. Decatur had opposed the reinstatement of Barron to his former position in the navy, and a duel was the consequence. They fought at the famous duelling-ground near Bladensburg, when Decatur was mortally wounded, and was taken to Washington. Gen. Solomon Van Rensselaer wrote to his wife from that city, on March 20, 1820, as follows: "I have only time, after writing to several, to say that an affair to Philadelphia and reinterred, with ap of honor took place this morning between Commodores Decatur and Barron, in which both fell at the first fire. The ball entered Decatur's body two inches above the hip and lodged against the opposite side. I just came from his house. He yet lives, but will never see another sun. Barron's wound is severe, but not dangerous. The DECATUR'S MONUMENT. ball struck the upper part of his hip and turned to the rear. He is ruined in public estimation. The excitement is very great." Decatur died March 22, and his remains were taken from the house in Washington to Kalorama by the following officers: Commodores Tingey, Macdonough, Rodgers, and Porter, Captains Cassin, Ballard, and Chauncey, Generals Brown and Jesup, and Lieutenant McPherson. The funeral was attended by nearly all the public functionaries in Washington, American and foreign, and a great number of citizens. While the procession was moving minute-guns were fired at the navyyard. His remains were deposited in Joel Barlow's vault at Kalorama, where they remained until 1846, when they were taker propriate ceremonies, in St. Peter's cemetery. Over them a beautiful monument, delineated in the accompanying engraving, was erected. Decimal System. In 1782, Gouverneur Morris, assistant fiscal agent of the Continental Congress, reported a decimal currency system, designed to harmonize the moneys of the States. He ascer- Declaration of Colonial Rights. In the first Continental Congress (1774) a committee of two from each colony framed and reported, in the form of a series of ten resolves, a declaration of the rights of the colonies: 1. Their natural rights; 2. That from their ancestry they were entitled to all the rights, liberties, and immunities of free and natural-born subjects of England; 3. That by the emigration to America by their ancestors they never lost any of those rights, and that their descendants were entitled to the exercise of those rights; 4. That the foundation of all free governments is in the right of the people to participate in their legislative council; and as the American colonists could not exercise such right in the British Parliament, they were entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where the right of representation could alone be preserved. (They conceded the right of Parliament to regulate ex ternal commerce, but denied its right to tax them in any way, without their consent, for raising an internal or external revenue.) 5. That they were entitled to the common law of England, and more especially the great privilege of being tried by their peers of the vicinage according to the course of law; 6. That they were entitled to the benefit of English statutes at the time of the emigration of their ancestors; 7. That they were entitled to all the immunities and privileges conferred upon them by royal charters or secured to them by provincial laws; 8. That they had a right peaceably to assemble, state their grievances, and petition the King without interference of ministers; 9. That the keeping of a standing army in any colony, without the consent of the legislature, was unlawful; 10. That the exercise of legislative power in several colonies by a council appointed during pleasure by the crown was unconstitutional, dangerous, and destructive to the freedom of American legislation. The report of the committee designated the various acts of Parliament which were infringements and violations of the rights of the colonists, and declared that the repeal of them was essentially necessary in order to restore harmony between Great Britain and the American colonies. The acts enumerated were eleven in number namely, Sugar act, stamp act, two quartering acts, tea act, act suspending the New York legislature, two acts for the trial in Great Britain of offences committed in America, Boston Port bill, the act for regulating [subverting] the government of Massachusetts, and the Quebec act. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE action was essential. McKean, one of the two representatives of Delaware present, burning with a desire to have the vote of his colony recorded in the affirmative, sent an express after the third delegate, Cæsar Rodney. He was 80 miles from Philadelphia. Ten minutes after receiving McKean's message Rodney was in the saddle, and, riding all night, he reached the floor of Congress (July 4) just in time to secure the vote of Delaware in favor of independence. All three of the delegates from Delaware voted for the declaration. The vote of Pennsylvania was also secured, a majority of its seven delegates being in favor of the measure; and on the 4th of July, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the unanimous vote of the Congress. See WINTHROP, R. C. Declaration of Independence. It was ish armament, under the brothers Howe, very important to have Lee's resolution at Sandy Hook. Immediate and united for independence, offered June 7, 1776, prefaced by a preamble that should clearly declare the causes which impelled the representatives of the people to adopt it. To avoid loss of time, a committee was appointed (June 11) to prepare such declaration. The committee was composed of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. Mr. Lee having been called home before the appointment of the committee, Mr. Jefferson was put in his place. He was requested by the committee, after discussing the topics, to make a draft of a declaration of independence. It was discussed in committee, amended very slightly, and finally reported. Debates upon it were long and animated. There was some opposition to voting for independence at all, and it was considerably amended. It was evident from the beginning that a majority of the colonies would vote for independence (the vote in Congress was by colonies), but it was important that the vote should be unanimous. On Thursday, July 4, 1776, agreeable to the order of the day, Congress resolved itself into a committee of the whole to consider the declaration, President John Hancock in the chair. The secretary, Benjamin Harrison, reported that the committee had agreed upon a declaration, which was read and adopted as follows: The declaration was warmly debated on the day (July 2) when the resolution was passed, and also on the 3d. Meanwhile When, in the course of human events, news came of the arrival of a large Brit- it becomes necessary for one people to |