Years after

Christ. 5th PERIOD.

962

975

987

1002 1017

1056 1066

1087

1100

1106

MODERN HISTORY.

FOURTH, or GERMANIC
HEAD of ROMAN EMPIRE.
Otho, Emp. of the Romans.
Edward, the Mart. King of E.
HughCapet,Kg.of Fr.: founder
of the third and last race.
Henry II. D. of Bavaria, Emp.
Canute, the Dane, King of E.
Henry IV. Emperor..
William, of Normandy, King
of Eng. conquers Harold.
William II. King of England.
Philip I. King of France.
Henry I. King of England.

Lewis VI. le Gros, K. of Fr.
Henry V. Emperor.
1135 Stephen, King of England.

1152

1154

1189 1199

1216

1226 1271

1273

1282

1283

Lewis VII. King of France.
Frederick Barbarossa, Emp.
Henry II. King of England.

Phil. Aug. King of France.
Richard I. King of England,
John, K. of E. Magna Charta.
Henry III.King of England,

1206 Gengis Khan, founds the MoLewis VIII, King of France. St. Lewis IX. King of France. 1228 Baldwin II, last Fr. Emp. gul Empire. Edward I. King of England. 1255 Theodore Lascaris II. Emp. Philip III. IV. Kings of Fr. 1259 John Lascaris, Emp. Rodolph, of Hapsburgh, Emp1260 Michael Paleologus, Emp. the first of the Aust. family1982 Andronicus I. Emp. The Sicilian Vespers. Wales conq., united to Eng. The Mariners' Compass inv. Edward II. King of England. Edward III. King of England, 28, Phil. de Valois, K. of F Gunpowder invented inGerm. Order of the Garter instituted. Charles VI. Emp. Gold. Bull. Richard II. King of England.[ 1399 Henry IV. King of England. Charles VI. King of France. Henry V. King of England. Henry VI. King of England.

great Arabian Geographer.
1341 John Paleologus, Emperor.
1370 The Turks first enter Europe,
under Amurath I.
1387 Bajazet, his son, invests Con-
stantinople.

1391 Manuel Paleol. Emp.
1402 Tamerlane, the Mogul, defeats
Bajazet.

1421 Amurath II, invests Constant,
1444 Scanderbeg, defends Albania.
1448 Constantine Paleologus, last
Emperor.

1453 Constantinople taken by Ma
homet II.

Extinction of the Second, or
GR, HEAD of ROMAN EMP.

Years after

MODERN HISTORY.

Christ. 5th PERIOD.

1453

1519

1529

1535 1547 1549

1558

RELIGIOUS.

THE REVIVAL OF LETTERS, AND REFORMATION.
Luther, Melancthon, Bucer, Zuinglius, Œcolampadius,Calvin, &c.
The name of Protestant, first used in the Diet of Spires. 1530,
Confession of Augsburgh. 1531, League of Smalkalde.
Order of Jesuits founded, by St. Ignatius Loyala.

The Reformation established in England, under King Edward VI. The Council of Trent: efforts of the Church of Rome to consolidate its remaining power. Polyd. Virgil, Copernicus, Jul. Scaliger. 1553 Temporary revival of Popery in England, under Queen Mary. Final overthrow of Popery in England, under Queen Elizabeth. Puritans, or Calvinistic Protestants, first appear in England. Massacre of Fr. Protestants; St. Barthol. Heresy of F. & L.Socinus. Pope Gregory XII. corrects the Calendar. Joseph Scaliger, Tycho Brahe, Torquatus Tasso.

1572 1582

1590

F. Bacon, Ld. Verulam, Father Paul Sarpi, Thuanus, or de Thou, Casaubon, &e. 1605 Conspiracy of the Popish party in England, Nov.5, Guido Fawkes. The Synod of Dort, against Arminius. Joseph Mede, Buxtorf. Galileo, Grotius, Des Cartes, Gassendi, Bochart, Br. Walton, Marsham, &e.

1018

1640

1648

The Peace of Westphalia, or Munster, between the Protestant & Roman Catholic States, confirming the privileges of the former. 1649 The Church and State of England subverted. Milton, Selden. 1660 The Church and State of England restored. Religion, Learning, &| Science, flourish eminently in Brit. The Royal Society founded. Robert Boyle, Isaac Barrow, Bishop Pearson, &c. The R. Academy of Inscriptions: 1666, The R. Acad. of Sciences: established at Paris. 1681, W. Penn, founds Pennsylvania. Bishop Burnet, Locke, Archbishop Tillotson, Prideaux, Bossuet, Fenelon, Bishop Sherlock, Bishop Bull, Hyde, Ray, Puffendorf, Herbelot, Bayle, &c.

1663

1638

1752

1769 1789

1804

1810

1811

Sir Isaac Newton, Leibnitz, Wallis, Halley, Flamstead, Cassini.
A spirit of sophistry, metaphysical scepticism, and active infide-
lity, distinguishes the beginning and progress of this century,
and prepares the way for the calamities which have so awfully
characterised its conclusion. The names of Addison, Butler,
Leland, Johnson, Beattie, &c. are consecrated by their opposi-
tion to the impieties of Hobbes, Hume, Voltaire, Gibbon, &c.
The Calendar is corrected in England, and the Old, or Julian
Style, changed for the Gregorian.

Pope Clement XIV.,Ganganelli, suppresses theOrderof the Jesuits.
The moral and intellectual disorder of this century at length
produces a General Revolution in Christendom.

The Gallican Church subverted. Monastic orders suppressed.
Civil and religious licentiousness, propagated in Europe.
Ancient Crowns and States extinguished. New Crowns and
Kingdoms erected.

Pope Pius VII. consecrates Napoleon Buonaparte Emperor of
France, at Paris; with whom he enters into a Concordate, for
regulating the Church of France.

The City and Principality of Rome is annexed by Napoleon to the FRENCH EMPIRE.

THE EXTINCTION OF THE PAPAL SOVEREIGNTY. NAPOLEON, having imprisoned Pope Pius VII., convokes a General Council of the Prelates of his Empire, but is disappointed of his purpose.

Years

after

Christ. 5th PERIOD.

MODERN HISTORY.

SECULAR.

1493

Continuation of the Fourth, 1453 Extinction of the Second, or

or GERMAMIC HEAD of
ROMAN EMPIRE.

1509 Henry VIII. King of England, 1522
Sir Tho. More, Wolsey.
Charles V. Emp: 1513, Fran-
cis I. King of France.
Edward VI, King of England,
Mary I. Queen of England
Elizabeth, Q. of E. Spencer.
Ferdinand I. Emp. Sidney.
Maximil.II. E. Shakspeare,.

1519

1547

1553

1558

1564 1588

1589

1595 1598

1603

1610 1619 1625

1643

GREEK HEAD of ROMAN
EMPIRE.

Soliman II. takes the Isle of
Rhodes from the Knights
of St. John of Jerusalem;
who receive the Island of
Malta from the Emperor,
Charles V.

1571 The Turks take the Island of
Cyprus.

The defeat of the Invincible Armada, of Philip II. King of Spain,
Sir Francis Drake; 1600, East India Company incorporated.
Henry IV. King of France, Firs: of the House of Bourbon, Sully.
Henry IV. embraces the Romish Faith; Mayenne,Conde, Coligny.
The Edict of Nantes in favour of the Protestants of France.
James I. King of England and Scotland; Buckinghani, Raleigh.
Lewis XIII. King of France; Richelieu.

Beginning of the 30Yrs.war,concldued by the Peace of Westphalia.
Charles I. King of England and Scotland, beheaded 1649; Straf-
ford, Archbishop Laud, Falkland, Hampden.

Lewis XIV. Kg. of Fr. Mazarin, Turenne, Edict of Nantes revok. 1653 (Cromwell.) Estab. of the Naval pre-em. of Eng. by the victories of Blake, Monk, Deane, Penn, Lawson, over the Dutch. Leopold I. Emperor.

1658

1660

1685

1688

1697

1702

1713 1714 1727

1748

1760

1763

1783

1789 1792

1793 1800

1802

1803

1806

1811

1812

Charles II. King of England and Scotland restored. Clarendon,
Ormond, Sir W. Temple.

James II. King of Eug. and Scot.: abdicates the Crown, 1688.
William III.(P.of Orange) and Mary II. K. and Q.of E. Ld.Somers.
Peter the Great, Czar of Muscovy; Charles XII. King of Sweden.
Anne, Queen of Great Britain: Union of England and Scotland.
The Peace of Utrecht; Marlborough, Addison.

George I. Elector of Hanover, Arch-Treasurer of the Roman Em-
George II. King of Great Britain. [pire,ascends the British throne.
The Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. Frederic III. King of Prussia.
George III. King of Great Britain, &c. begins his long, glorious,
The Peace of Paris; 1774, Lewis XVI. [and exemplary reign.
The Peace of Versailles, between Great Britain, France, Spain,
Holland, and the United States of America.

The Revolution of France: beginning of the miseries of the kingd.
Lewis XVI. King of France, his Queen, and Sister, beheaded: End
War with the new State of France. [of the ancient Sovereignty.
Union of Great Britain and Ireland: Rt. Hon. William Pitt

The experimental Peace of Amiens. Height of the Naval and
Asiatic Empire of Great Britain. Admiral Lord Nelson.
Failure of that Peace, and renewal of the War. Malta annexed to
the dominious of Great Britain. 1806, Rt. Hon. C. J. Fox.
Francis II. the last Emp. Fall and Extinction of the 4th, or
GERMANIC HEAD of ROMAN EMPIRE, and title of Augustus.
THE FRENCH EMP. NAPOLEON, Emp. and K. of Italy, &c.
A most splendid Comet appeared in the m.of Sept.,under the seven
conspicuous stars of the Great Bear; singularly answering, in
time and confignration, to that seen 43 yrs. bef. the B. of Christ.
His Royal Highness, Prince Regent, assumes the full Sovereignty
of this Realm.

PART IV.-history.

HISTORY traces the progress of man from the savage state, through the intermediate degrees of civilization, to the nearest approach to perfection,, of which social institutions are capable. It notes the effects of laws and political regulations, and records the wondrous revolutions which have been produced in states by external violence, and the no less astonishing changes which have been effected, by the gradual corruption of antient systems of government. It is history, which fixes the seal of immortality upon actions truly great, and sets a mark of infamy on vices, which no after-age can ever obliterate. By history, mistaken merit, and oppressed virtue, appeal to the incorruptible tribunal of posterity, which renders them the justice their own age has sometimes refused them; and without respect of persons, condemns the unjust abuse of authority with inexorable rigour.

The pencil of history has not only delineated men in groupes; but, selecting distinguished individuals, has drawn them in their just proportions; and, enlivening them with the colours of nature, has exhibited a selection of striking portraits for our entertainment and instruction. In contemplating the characters of nations, or of eminent persons, we seem to walk in a large gallery of family pictures, and take delight in comparing the various features of the extensive kindred, as they resemble, or differ from one another; and though long since carried down the tide of time, we find in them pleasing and instructive companions.

In order to study the history of any particular nation with advantage, the following rules should strictly be attended to.

1. We should direct our chief attention, not to the frivolous anecdotes of a court, but to the circumstances