Treaties Affecting The Canal. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, July 5, 1850. The United States of America and Her Britannic Majesty, being desirous of consolidating the relations of amity which so happily subsist between them, by setting forth and fixing in a Convention their views and intentions with reference to any means of communication by ship canal, which may be constructed between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by the way of the River San Juan de Nicaragua and either or both of the Lakes of Nicaragua or Managua, to any port or place on the Pacific Ocean, The President of the United States has conferred full powers on John M. Clayton, Secretary of State of the United States; and Her Britannic Majesty on the Right Honorable Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, a member of Her Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council, Knight Commander of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Her Britannic Majesty to the United States, for the aforesaid purpose; and the said Plenipotentiaries having exchanged their full powers which were found to be in proper form, have agreed to the following articles: ARTICLE I. The Governments of the United States and Great Britain hereby declare, that neither the one nor the other will ever obtain or maintain for itself any exclusive control over the said Ship Canal; agreeing that neither will ever erect or maintain any fortifications commanding the same, or in the vicinity thereof, or occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or assume or exercise any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito Coast, or any part of Central America; nor will either make use of any protection which either affords or may afford, or any alliance which either has or may have, to or with any State or People for the purpose of erecting or maintaining any such fortifications, or of occupying, fortifying, or colonizing Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito Coast or any part of Central America, or of assuming or exercising dominion over the same; nor will the United States or Great Britain take advantage of any intimacy or use any alliance, connec ESTABLISHED IN 1865 Ehrman & Co. BANKERS SUCCESSORS TO HENRY EHRMAN PANAMA Collections, Bills of Exchange, Cable Transfers, Cheques and Wells, Fargo & Co. Money Orders. Airy and well-ventilated rooms. Newly renovated: First-Class Table-French and American Dishes Luncheon, 75 cents gold. Dinner, $1 gold tion or influence that either may possess with any State or Government through whose territory the said Canal may pass for the purpose of acquiring or holding, directly of indirectly, for the citizens or subjects of the one, any rights or advantages in regard to commerce or navigation through the said canal which shall not be offered on the same terms to the citizens or subjects of the other. ARTICLE II. · Vessels of the United States or Great Britain, traversing the said Canal shall, in case of war between the contracting parties, be exempted from blockade, detention or capture, by either of the belligerents; and this provision shall extend to such a distance from the two ends of the said Canal as may hereafter be found expedient to establish. ARTICLE III. In order to secure the construction of the said Canal, the contracting parties engage that, if any such Canal shall be undertaken upon fair and equitable terms by any parties having the authority of the local Government or Governments through whose territory the same may pass, then the persons employed in making the said Canal and their property used, or to be used, for that object, shall be protected, from the commencement of the said Canal to its completion, by the Governments of the United States and Great Britain, from unjust detention, confiscation, seizure or any violence whatsoever. · PO YUEN & CO. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Nos. 208–210–212 E. 13th ST. PANAMA CITY EXPORTERS and IMPORTERS of all kinds of merchandise. Such as articles of silk, direct from China and Japan. Fancy Oriental bric-a-brac. Satsuma Ware-Beautiful kimonos from Japan. Handcarved ivory. Jewel and toilet boxes and stationery. Porcelain ware. Our Prices are very reasonable Wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of provisions Liquors of all kinds VISIT THIS ESTABLISHMENT The Stock in hand is the TELEPHONE 19 P. O. Box 101 ARTICLE IV. The contracting parties will use whatever influence they respectively exercise, with any State, States or Governments possessing, or claiming to possess, any jurisdiction or right over the territory which the said Canal shall traverse, or which shall be near the waters applicable thereto; in order to induce such States, or Governments, to facilitate the construction of the said Canal by every means in their power: and furthermore, the United States and Great Britian agree to use their good offices, wherever or however it may be most expedient, in order to procure the establishment of two free Ports, one at each end of the said Canal. ARTICLE V. The contracting parties further engage that, when the said Canal shall have been completed they will protect it from interruption, seizure or unjust confiscation, and that they will guarantee the neutrality thereof, so that the said Canal mayforever be open and free, and the capital invested therein, secure. Nevertheless, the Governments of the United States and Great Britain, in according their protection to the construction of the said Canal, and guaranteeing its neutrality and security when completed, always understand that, this protection and guarantee are granted conditionally, and may be withdrawn by both Governments, or either Government, if both Governments or either Government, should deem that the persons or company undertaking or managing the same, adopt or establish such regulations concerning the traffic thereupon, as are contrary to the spirit and intention of this Convention,—either by making unfair discriminations in favor of the commerce of one of the contracting parties over the commerce of the other, or by imposing oppressive exactions or unreasonable tolls upon passengers, vessels, goods, wears, merchandise, or other articles. Neither party, however, shall withdraw the aforesaid protection and guarantee without first giving six months notice to the other. ARTICLE VI. The contracting parties in this Convention engage to invite every State with which both or either have friendly intercourse, to enter into stipulations with them similar to those which they have entered into with each other; to the end that all other States may share in the honor and advantage of having contributed to a work of such general interest and importance as the Canal herein contemplated. |