INCIDENTS DURING THE ARMISTICE December 18.-The American Jewish Congress, at Philadelphia, frames a bill of rights and selects delegates to lay the principles before the Peace Conference.

It is officially stated that the German longrange cannon fired 168 shells into Paris, killing 196 persons and wounding 417, and that during 1918 there were 1,211 casualties from air raids over Paris.

December 21.-It is semi-officially stated that Italy's casualties in the war were: killed in action, 200,000; died from disease, 300,000; severely wounded, 300,000; prisoners, 500,000.

December 22.-Russia's war casualties are placed at 9,150,000 in a dispatch from Petrograd -including 1,700,000 killed, 1,450,000 disabled, 3,500,000 other wounded, 2,500,000 prisoners.

Austro-Hungarian casualties in the war to the end of May, 1918, are officially reported to have been slightly above 4,000,000.

A report of the American air service shows that 24,512 men were at the front when the war ended, with a record of 854 German planes brought down against an American loss of 271.

December 26.-French war casualties are officially announced as: killed, 1,071,300; prisoners still alive, 446,000; "missing," 314,000.

December 29.-The French Foreign Minister, Stephen Pichon, in discussing the Government's peace policies, declares that the principle of a League of Nations is accepted and that intervention in Russia is inevitable.

Czechoslovak and Siberian forces capture Perm, in the Ural Mountains, and destroy the Bolshevik Army, taking 31,000 prisoners.

December 30.-Premier Clemenceau informs the

French Chamber that the old system of alliances, or "balance of power," will be his guiding thought at the Peace Conference; he also announces that he has informed Premier Lloyd George that he will not oppose British ideas on freedom of the seas; the Chamber votes confidence in him 380 to 164.

Reports from Archangel, Russia, describe successful fighting by American troops, the Polish Legion, Russian volunteers, and French-against the Bolsheviki-along the Onega and Dvina rivers, preparatory to establishing winter quarters for the expedition.

January 3.-President Wilson names Herbert Hoover as Director General of an international organization for relief in liberated countries.

January 4.-President Wilson cables an appeal to Congress for an appropriation of $100,000,000 to relieve conditions of absolute starvation among the liberated peoples of Austria, Turkey, Poland, and Western Russia.

The Serbian Minister to France declares that Serbia will go to war if the Peace Conference confirms the secret treaty under which England, France and Russia agreed that Italy should possess the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Statistics relating to the number of German submarines are made public in London; 202 Uboats were destroyed or captured during the war, 14 self-destroyed, 7 interned, 122 surrendered since the armistice, and 58 remaining to be surrendered.

It is officially announced that Norway's loss of merchant ships during the war was 829 vessels, of 1,240,000 tons.

January 6.-Bulgaria's war losses are reported from Sofia to have been: killed and missing, 101,224; wounded, 1,152,399; prisoners, 100,000.

January 7.-Statistics of American wounded are made public; of 71,114 cases in expeditionary hospitals between January 15 and October 15, 1918, 85.3 per cent. returned to duty and 8.8 died.

January 8.-French war casualties are made public: killed in action or died from wounds, 1,028,000; missing, given up for lost, 299,000; wounded, 3,000,000 (three-fourths recovered, 700,000 completely disabled); prisoners, 435,000; the total dead and disabled are between 5 and 6 per cent. of the population and between 26 and 30 per cent. of the men mobilized.

January 11.-The French Foreign Minister announces that France has declined to approve a British proposal for inviting to the Peace Conference representatives of the various Russian governments, in the interest of world harmony; the French hold that the Bolshevists cannot be recognized as a government.

The American Chief of Staff reports on demobilization: 694,000 men and 47,000 officers have been discharged, and 96,000 overseas troops have returned to the United States.

January 12.-The Supreme War Council-meeting at Paris and attended by President Wilson and Secretary Lansing and the Premiers and Foreign Ministers of Great Britain, France, and Italy, together with Marshal Foch and military representatives-begins actual consideration of the peace settlement.

Air raids over Great Britain, it is announced, killed 1,260 civilians and injured 3,500.

PRESIDENT WILSON IN EUROPE

December 19.-King Victor Emmanuel, of Italy, on his arrival in Paris, calls on President Wilson. December 21.-Premier Orlando of Italy and Foreign Minister Sonnino place before President Wilson Italy's territorial aspirations.

The University of Paris (the Sorbonne) confers upon President Wilson the degree of Doctor, Honoris Causa.

December 25.-The President reviews 10,000 American troops (on Christmas Day) near the American headquarters at Chaumont; he informs the soldiers that he does not find in Allied leaders any difference of principles or of fundamental purpose in the effort to establish peace upon the permanent foundation of right and justice.

December 26.-The President and Mrs. Wilson cross the English Channel from Calais to Dover, and arrive in London; they are met at Charing Cross station by the King and Queen, and are domiciled in Buckingham Palace.

December 27.-The President spends the entire day in discussion with Premier Lloyd George; in the evening he is the guest of King George at a banquet in Buckingham Palace, where he speaks of the general unity of aims found by him among the spokesmen of Great Britain, France, and Italy, and pleads for a proper understanding among leaders of the words "right" and "justice."

December 28.-Officials of the City of London formally welcome President Wilson in the famous Guildhall; in his response the President speaks particularly of the universal demand for a League of Nations.

Premier Lloyd George is quoted as declaring that the conference with the President brought about an agreement on general principles.

December 29-30.-The President attends service in the church of his grandfather at Carlisle, and makes two addresses in Manchester.

December 31.-The President leaves England for Italy, via Paris.

January 3.-Arriving in Rome, the President and Mrs. Wilson are welcomed by King Victor Emmanuel and Queen Helena; in an address before the joint session of the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, the President declares that there cannot be another "balance of power" but instead there must be a thoroughly united League of Nations.

January 4.-The President calls upon Pope

December 21.-In the Senate, Mr. Lodge (Rep., Mass.) criticizes five of the President's "fourteen points" essential in the peace settlement, and calls attention to the fact that the peace treaty must be acceptable to the Senate.

December 23.-The Senate passes the Revenue bill (under discussion for two weeks), without important change from the Finance Committee's draft, designed to raise $6,000,000,000 by taxation in 1919 and $4,000,000,000 yearly thereafter; the measure goes to Conference Committee.

January 7.-In the House, Chairman Sims of the Interstate Commerce Committee introduces two amendments to the Railway Control Act, which would extend Government operation for five years and provide an additional "revolving fund" of $500,000,000 (the original half-billion being practically exhausted during 1918).

January 9.-The House passes a measure authorizing the Secretary of War to adjust contracts for material, partly fulfilled when war ended.

January 13.-The House appropriates $100,000,000 for furnishing foodstuffs "to populations in Europe and countries contiguous thereto outside of Germany," in accordance with a cabled request from the President; a $27,000,000 River and Harbor bill is also passed.

January 16.-In the Senate, Mr. La Follette (Rep., Wis.) is exonerated of the charge of disloyalty, by vote of 50 to 21.

AMERICAN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT December 19.-The President nominates Joseph B. Eastman (a member of the Massachusetts Public Utilities Commission) for membership on the Interstate Commerce Commission.

December 30.-Secretary Daniels is questioned by the House Naval Affairs Committee, regarding the three-year construction program of sixteen battleships and battle cruisers, to make the navy "as powerful as that of any nation in the world."

January 2.-Both branches of the Michigan legislature adopt without debate the proposed prohibition amendment to the federal constitutionbecoming the sixteenth State to ratify.

January 7.-The prohibition amendment is ratified by the legislatures of Ohio and Oklahoma.

January 8.-The prohibition amendment is ratified by the legislatures of Maine, Tennessee, and Idaho.

Congressman-elect Victor L. Berger and four other Socialist leaders are found guilty, by a federal jury in Chicago, of conspiring to interfere with the successful conduct of the war.

January 11.-Walker D. Hines, Assistant Director-General of Railroads, is appointed by the President to succeed Mr. McAdoo in full control.

January 12.-The resignation of Attorney-General Thomas Watt Gregory, from the President's cabinet, to take effect March 4, is announced.

January 13.-The United States Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of the so-called Reed "bone dry" amendment, forbidding private importation of liquor into prohibition States, reversing the lower court.

January 13.-The legislatures of California and Washington ratify the prohibition amendment he federal constitution.

January 14. The prohibition amendment is ratified by the legislatures of Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, and North Carolina. January 15.-The legislatures of Iowa, Colorado, Oregon, New Hampshire, and Utah ratify the prohibition amendment.

January 16. The prohibition amendment submitted to the State legislatures in December, 1917, becomes Article XVIII of the Constitution of the United States, with the ratification by Nebraska, the thirty-sixth state; Wyoming and Missouri also adopt the amendment; the Article prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor one year after the formal proclamation by the Secretary of State.

FOREIGN POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

December 19.-A conference of delegates of Soldiers' and Workmen's Councils, at Berlin, decides to hold elections to a National Assembly on January 19.

Marshal Joffre, hero of the first Battle of the Marne, is made a member of the French Academy -one of the forty "immortals."

December 22.-A Jugo-Slav Ministry is formed at Belgrade, with M. Protich (a Serbian) as Premier.

Thomas G. Masaryk takes the oath of office as President of the Czecho-Slovak Republic, at Prague.

December 24.-A new Portuguese ministry is formed, with Tamagnini as Premier.

December 28.-Results of the British Parliamentary elections on December 12 become known; the coalition Government under Premier Lloyd George will command 471 seats in the new parliament out of 707; Sinn Feiners elect 73 members, who will refuse to sit.

Three Independent Socialist members retire from the German Government, leaving the three Majority Socialists, including Premier Frederic Ebert, in entire control.

December 31.-The Rumanian Government receives from a special commission from the Transylvanian Government (including Transylvania, Banat, Marmaros, and Bukowina) a document containing a pact of union in accord with the desires of the Transylvania National Assembly.

January 7.-The split among the German Socialist leaders widens and the factions resort to fighting, with small arms and artillery, in the streets of Berlin; Dr. Karl Liebknecht, head of the Spartacus group, and Police Chief Eichorn, champion "the rights of the people" and condemn Philip Scheideman (Majority Socialist leader) and Chancellor Ebert.

Leadership of the Opposition in the British House of Commons falls upon the chairman of the Labor party (the largest group outside the coalition), Wm. W. Adamson, a Scottish miner.

January 8.-The two Bolshevist leaders of Russia disagree; the Minister of War (Leon Trotzky) arrests the Premier (Nikolai Lenine), and declares himself dictator.

January 9.-Government troops in Berlin are reënforced and regain control.

January 10.-The British Government under Premier Lloyd George is reorganized as the result of the elections.

A republic is proclaimed in Luxemburg, the young Grand Duchess retiring.

Strikes in Buenos Aires, fomented by European agitators, result in the establishment of a military dictatorship by General Dellepaine in the avowed interest of the Government.

January 11.-Government troops in Berlin capture the Vorwärts building, with the use of field guns.

January 13.-A general strike is called in Lima and Callao, Peru.

January 15.-Announcement is made at Berlin of the completion of the draft of a constitution, creating a union of fifteen states, Prussia being divided into eight.

OTHER OCCURRENCES OF THE MONTH

December 19.-The British Air Ministry announces the completion of a flight of 3950 miles, from Cairo, Egypt, to Delhi, India, begun on December 13.

December 26.-The American fleet of battleships and destroyers from overseas joins the home fleet in New York harbor and is reviewed by Secretary Daniels.

January 1.-The transport Northern Pacific, carrying 2500 soldiers, runs aground at night on the southern shore of Long Island.

January 8.-Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt, who died suddenly at his home on January 6, is buried with simple ceremonies at Oyster Bay, N. Y.

January 12.-A United States Navy dirigible flies from New York to Hampton Roads, Virginia. . . . Twenty-one persons are killed in a rear-end collision on the New York Central Railroad, near Batavia, N. Y.

OBITUARY

December 17.-Brig.-Gen. J. R. McGinness, U. S. A., retired, a veteran of the Civil War, 78. December 20.-Bernard N. Baker, of Baltimore, a noted advocate of an enlarged American merchant marine, 64. . . . Charles Henry McKee, president and editor of the St. Louis Globe Democrat, 66.

December 21.-Walter Hines Page, recently American Ambassador to Great Britain, 63 (see page 152).

December 22.-Major-Gen. Jacob Ford Kent, U. S. A., retired, 83.

December 23.-Dr. Donald H. Currie, port physician of Boston and an authority on leprosy,

42.

December 24.-Henry Mitchell MacCracken, Chancellor Emeritus of New York University, 78. . . . Benjamin O. Flower, at various times editor of the American Spectator, the Arena, the Coming Age and the Twentieth Century Magazine, 60. Prince Conrad von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfuerst, twice Premier of Austria, 55.

December 25.-J. Wilbur Chapman, D.D., the

December 31.Rossiter W. Raymond, a distinguished New York mining engineer, 78.

MAJOR-GENERAL J. FRANK

LIN BELL

(General Bell, who died suddenly last month, was one of the best-known and most energetic of American army officers)

January 1.-David Lubin, the Californian who founded the International Institute of Agriculture at Rome, 78. . . . Richard George Knowles, a widely known lecturer, 59.

January 2.-Rear-Admiral Abraham V. Zane, U. S. N., retired, 68. . . . Rev. John Wherry, D.D., for half a century engaged in missionary work in China (translator of the Bible into Chinese), 79.

January 3.-Rear-Admiral Samuel Williams Very, U. S. N., retired, 72. . . . Frank Duveneck, painter of "The Whistling Boy" and other works of art, 71.

January 4.-Count George F. von Hertling, of Bavaria, German Chancellor from October, 1917, to September, 1918, 75. . . . Brig. Gen. John E. Stephens, U. S. A., 44.

January 6.-Theodore Roosevelt, former President of the United States, 60 (see pages 153-166). January 8.-Major-Gen. J. Franklin Bell, U. S. A., commander of the Department of the East, 62.

January 10.-Wallace Clement Sabine, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Harvard, 50.

January 12.-John Mason, the American actor, 60. . . . Sir Charles Wyndham, the English actor, widely known in the United States, 81.

January 13.-Horace Fletcher, noted advocate of proper food mastication, 70.

January 14.-George R. Sheldon, New York financier and former Treasurer of Republican National Committee, 61.

January 15.-Henry J. Duveen, the New York art dealer, 64.