DISTRICT LIBRARIES.

The Library Fund is deducted from the State School Fund annually apportioned to districts and cities, in accordance with sections one thousand seven hundred and thirteen and one thousand seven hundred and fourteen of the Political' Code.

Boards of Trustees and of Education must expend this fund in the purchase of apparatus, and of such books only as are adopted by the State Board of Education, and for no other purpose whatever.

The Library Fund is sufficient to create the nucleus of a library which, if judiciously chosen and protected, cannot fail to add greatly to the intellectual resources of the districts.

Every district library should provide itself with a suitable bookcase and Librarian's book; the school teacher should act as Librarian during the school term, and a report of the condition and wants of the library should accompany each annual report.

Every district library should contain a bound copy of the school law, the reports of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and a school record book, to be kept permanently in the library, containing the names of school officers and teachers, the names and standing of scholars, with notices by teachers or pupils of any memorable incidents in the history of the school.*

Those districts which already have a fair collection will do well to purchase sets of standard authors. As a general rule, however, the aim should be to make the library do the greatest good to the greatest number. We advise that the first purchase should be of books of reference only, which are to the scholar what the railroad guide is to the traveler. Next to knowing a thing is knowing where to find what is known about it; and books of reference, though they seem costly, are the most valuable and the cheapest for small libraries.

RULES FOR DISTRICT LIBRARIES.

1. The Librarian appointed by the Trustees shall properly label and number each book in the district library, and keep a catalogue of the same, showing the title and number of each book.

2. The library shall be open for drawing and returning books [here insert such time as may be determined by the Trustees and Librarian].

3. Every child attending school shall be entitled to the privileges of the library; but when the number of books is insufficient to supply all the pupils, the Librarian shall determine the manner in which books may be drawn.

4. No person shall be entitled to two books from the library at the same time, and no family shall draw more than one book while other families wishing books remain unsupplied.

5. No person shall loan a library book to any one out of his own house, under a penalty of fifty cents for each offense.

*Superintendents will cheerfully give any desired assistance to District Trustees in making

selections.

6. No person shall retain a book from the library more than two weeks, under a penalty of ten cents for each day he may so retain it; and no person may draw the same book a second time while any other person wishes to draw it.

7. Any person losing or destroying a library book shall pay the cost of such book and a fine of fifty cents; and any person injuring a book by marking, tearing, or unnecessarily soiling it, shall be liable to a fine of not less than ten cents, nor more than the cost of the book, to be determined by the Librarian.

8. Any person refusing or neglecting to pay any penalty or fine shall not be allowed to draw any book from the library.

9. The Librarian shall report to the Trustees, quarterly, the amount of fines imposed and collected, and the amount received for membership dues; and all moneys accruing from these sources shall be expended for the purchase or repair of books.

10. Any person, other than pupils attending, resident in the school district, may become entitled to the privileges of the school library by the payment of an admission fee of one dollar and a monthly membership of twenty-five cents.

11. Any person resident in the district who shall pay to the Trustees the sum of ten dollars, shall be entitled to a life membership privilege of the library.

12. The Librarian shall report, annually, to the District Clerk, on or before the tenth day of July, the number and condition of books in the library, the number and titles of books received by donation, the number and titles of books purchased, the amount of State School Library Fund expended, and the amount derived from fines and membership fees.

CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.

Adopted in Convention at Sacramento, March 3, A. D. 1879; submitted to and ratified by the People May 7, 1879.

PREAMBLE AND DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

PREAMBLE.

We, the people of the State of California, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, in order to secure and perpetuate its blessings, do establish this Constitution.

ARTICLE I.

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

SECTION 1. All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty; acquiring, possessing, and protecting property; and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.

SEC. 2. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for the protection, security, and benefit of the people, and they have the right to alter or reform the same whenever the public good may require it.

SEC. 3. The State of California is an inseparable part of the American Union, and the Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land.

SEC. 4. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be guaranteed in this State; and no person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness or juror on account of his opinions on matters of religious belief; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or the safety of the State.

SEC. 5. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require its suspension.

SEC. 6. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed; nor shall cruel or unusual punishment be inflicted. Witnesses shall not be unreasonably detained, nor confined in any room where criminals are actually imprisoned.

SEC. 7. The right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and, remain inviolate; but in civil actions three fourths of the jury may render a verdict. A trial by jury may be waived in all criminal cases, not amounting to felony, by the consent of both parties, expressed in open Court, and in civil actions by the consent of the parties, signified in such manner as may be prescribed by law. In civil actions, and cases of misdemeanor, the jury may consist of twelve, or of any number less than twelve upon which the parties may agree in open Court.

SEC. 8. Offenses heretofore required to be prosecuted by indictment shall be prosecuted by information, after examination and commitment by a magistrate, or by indictment, with or without such examination and commitment, as may be prescribed by law. A grand jury shall be drawn and summoned at least once a year in each county.

SEC. 9. Every citizen may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions for libels, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives, and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted; and the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the fact. Indictments found, or information laid for publications in newspapers, shall be tried in the county where such newspapers have their publication office, or in the county where the party alleged to be libeled resided at the time of the alleged publication, unless the place of trial shall be changed for good cause.

SEC. 10. The people shall have the right to freely assemble together to consult for the common good, to instruct their representatives, and to petition the Legislature for redress or grievances. SEC. 11. All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.

SEC. 12. The military shall be subordinate to the civil power. No standing army shall be kept up by this State in time of peace, and no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by law.

SEC. 13. În criminal prosecutions, in any Court whatever, the party accused shall have the right to a speedy and public trial; to have the process of the Court to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and to appear and defend, in person and with counsel. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense; nor be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. The Legislature shall have power to provide for the taking, in the presence of the party accused and his counsel, of depositions of witnesses in criminal cases, other than cases of homicide, when there is reason to believe that the witness, from inability or other causes, will not attend at the trial.

SEC. 14. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation having been first made to, or paid into Court for, the owner, and no right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation other than municipal until full compensation therefor be first made in money or ascertained and paid

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into Court for the owner, irrespective of any benefit from any improvement proposed by such corporation, which compensation shall be ascertained by a jury, unless a jury be waived, as in other civil cases in a Court of record, as shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 15. No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action, or mesne or final process, unless in case of fraud, nor in civil actions for torts, except in cases of willful injury to person or property; and no person shall be imprisoned for a militia fine in time of

peace.

SEC. 16. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligations of contracts, shall ever be passed.

SEC. 17. Foreigners of the white race or of African descent, eligible to become citizens of the United States under the naturalization laws thereof, while bona fide residents of this State, shall have the same rights in respect to the acquisition, possession, enjoyment, transmission, and inheritance of property as native born citizens. SEC. 18. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime, shall ever be tolerated in this State.

SEC. 19. The right of the people to be secured in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable seizures and searches, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue, but on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons and things to be seized.

SEC. 20. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the evidence of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open Court.

SEC. 21. No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked, or repealed by the Legislature, nor shall any citizen, or class of citizens, be granted privileges or immunities which, upon the same terms, shall not be granted to all citizens.

SEC. 22. The provisions of this Constitution are mandatory and prohibitory, unless by express words they are declared to be otherwise.

SEC. 23. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people.

SEC. 24. No property qualification shall ever be required for any person to vote or hold office.

ARTICLE II.

RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE.

SECTION 1. Every native male citizen of the United States, every male person who shall have acquired the rights of citizenship under or by virtue of the treaty of Queretaro, and every male naturalized citizen thereof, who shall have become such ninety days prior to any election, of the age of twenty-one years, who shall have been a resident of the State one year next preceding the election, and of the county in which he claims his vote ninety days, and in the election precinct thirty days, shall be entitled to vote at all elections which are now or may hereafter be authorized by law; provided, no native of China, no idiot, insane person, or person convicted of any infamous crime, and no person hereafter convicted of the embezzle