Obrázky stránek
PDF
ePub

METEOROLOGICAL DIARY, BY W. CARY, STRAND.
From January 26, 1835, to February 25, 1835, both inclusive.

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

J. J. ARNULL, Stock Broker, 1, Bank Buildings, Cornhill,

late RICHARDSON, GOODLUCK, and ARNULL.

J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET.

[blocks in formation]
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[blocks in formation]

CLERGY DECEASED, 441.-DEATHS, arranged in Counties......

Bill of Mortality—Markets-Prices of Shares, 447-Meteorological Diary-Stocks 448

Embellished with a View of CLEVEDON COURT, Somersetshire;
and Engravings of IMPERIAL GREEK COINS.

MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.

A CONSTANT READER remarks, that in the last Catalogue published by Mr. Thorpe, the eminent bookseller, and in Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual, in a note on Sir John Mennis' and James Smith's Musarum Deliciæ," 1656, it is stated that in it occurs the celebrated lines:

"For he that fights and runs away

May live to fight another day," which have been generally supposed to form a part of Hudibras.-Having a copy of the second edition of the Book, which is that noticed by Mr. Lowndes and published in the year 1656, I have carefully read it through, but have not been able to discover these lines nor any thing at all like them. The verses on "Sir John Suckling's most warlike preparation for the Scotish warre,' may be understood to convey the same idea, but in entirely different words.

[ocr errors]

The Poet mentioned by Matthew Stevenson, under the name of Replie (see p. 280) was George Ripley, some account of whom will be found in Ritson's Bibliographia Poetica.

In p. 234, the name Walton should have been J. Walters, B.D. at one time Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, a native of Cowbridge in Wales, of which school his father, Editor of a very valuable Welsh Dictionary, was Master; as was also his brother David Walters, a very superior classic, who died young. John Walters was appointed to Ruthin School by Dr. Warren, Bishop of Bangor, a very old establishment of considerable repute, having produced in modern times those eminent Judges, Kenyon, Maddox, Lloyd, and the late Chief Baron Richards. Dean Tucker, and the late good man, Dr. Hughes, Prebendary of Westminster, and subsequently Canon of St. Paul's, were educated there.-John Walters was a person of extraordinary abilities and eccentricity, in some measure heightened by a love affair; an Oxford lady of considerable fortune having discarded him for a brother Fellow. He married a Miss Davies of Wrexham, but left no children.

RUTHINIENSIS. There are some inaccuracies in the Obituary of the Rev. Edward Bromhead (p. 329) He had two daughters: the eldest, Catharine, was married a second time in 1820 to the Rev. Thomas Butt, Rector of Kynnersley, Shropshire, and Domestic Chaplain to the late Duke of Sutherland. As this clergyman has never been engaged in the useful labours of tuition, public or private, our informant must have confounded him with some other person. Mr. Bromhead's second

daughter, Maria, was married to Major Brackenbury, of Skendleby, Lincolnshire. She died in 1834, leaving two sons, the youngest of whom died a few days after his mother. The family of Bromhead is a very ancient one, established first in Nottinghamshire and afterwards in Lincolnshire.

Mr. HARVEY EGINTON remarks, on the statement of our reviewer in p. 182, with respect to the pavement tiles found in churches, that the pattern is indented in the tile and then filled up with clay of a different colour,-that "the contrary, as far as the Malvern tiles are concerned, is the fact; in these the pattern is painted on the surface, and in this respect are different to any I have elsewhere examined. I may here remark, in addition to the printer's error of inserting the word "Roman " in Dr. Card's work, two sentences are curtailed, which ought to have read thus," from the circumstance of a quantity of horns and charcoal being found in the immediate vicinity of the kiln, it is not unlikely the former was used in the preparation of the clay, and the latter in the process of burning them;" and again, in the concluding sentence, "it is probable that the same taste and skill which designed this church, has discovered this means of ornamenting it at a less expense than importing them."

B. would feel obliged to any of our Correspondents who could refer him to a portrait, either painted or engraved, of Sir Christopher Yelverton, one of the Judges of the King's Bench, in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. or of Sir Henry Yelverton, son of Sir Christopher, who was also a Judge in the reign of Charles I.

P. Q. remarks: "In your July number, VICARIUS Solicited information on Privy Tithes. I beg to state that at Eling in the new Forest, Hants, the living is a vicarage, embracing an extent of about 28,000 acres of land, and it is an almost universal practice with the farmers there, to pay the Vicar a stipulated sum per acre in lieu of his taking the tithes in kind; this is called settling the Privy Tithe, and each person who so compounds is assessed in the poor-rate book, in addition to the land he occupies, a proportionate charge according to value for the Privy Tithes, and, if the Vicar takes the tithe in kind, he then is assessed to the poor for such Privy Tithe. I am not able to inform your correspondent as to the origin of the term; but it appears in records at Eling of old date. I am not aware of its being used in any of the adjoining parishes, neither did I ever hear of it elsewhere until noticed by VICARIUS."

THE

GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.

The History of the BOROUGHS and MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS of the UNITED KINGDOM, from the earliest to the present time: with an Examination of Records, Charters, and other Documents, illustrative of their Constitution and Powers. By HENRY ALWORTH MEREWETHER, Serjeant-at-Law, SolicitorGeneral to the Queen; and ARCHIBALD JOHN STEPHENS, M.A. F.R.S., Barrister-at-Law. 3 vols. 8vo.

[ocr errors]

FROM the Saxon period of our history, there have existed amongst us various towns distinguished by the appellation of boroughs. Whether we are to assign a Greek or a Teutonic origin to this appellation, is a matter of dispute; and equally disputable is it whether the Saxon byɲig,' or buph,' was so called from the possession of some peculiarity either of situation or of privilege, or whether it was not a general name applied to every city and town of importance. Of the Saxon towns some were at once indicated to be boroughs' by their names, as Cantwarabyrig,' Eadmundesbyrig,' Searobyrig,' Beranbyrig; others are stated by Saxon writers to have been boroughs,' although there is nothing in their names to denote the fact. Of the latter class were 'Oxford,' 'York,' 'Cambridge,' and very many other cities and towns. All foreign cities were called indiscriminately burghs; thus Rome was • Romeburh; Athens was described as a 'burgh' of Greece; and mention may be found in Anglo-Saxon writings of the venerable burghs' of Troy, Tyre, Syracuse, and Babylon. The modern names of Saxon towns ending in byrig, have been changed either by the conversion of 'byrig' into 'bury, as Canterbury, Edmond'sbury, Salisbury, Banbury; or by casting off the termination byrig altogether, retaining only the preceding, and, generally speaking, the more ancient portion of their Saxon names thus the metropolis was termed 'Londonbyrig,' Bangor Bancoronabyrig,' and so on.

[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]

The people of the 'burghs' are indicated in the Saxon Chronicle by the general title of 'burghwaru;' the burghers,' a title which in that work does not seem to denote an exclusive class, possessed of any peculiar legal rights, but the general body of the people of the town, comprehending all descriptions of persons. It is difficult to discover the exact standing of the burghers' in Saxon society; but probably they were originally a very inferior class of persons, possessed of little personal freedom and few privileges. Increasing commerce brought with it considerable wealth, the possession of which raised the burghers' into persons of importance, and enabled them to purchase from their lords many valuable privileges, and exemption from many servile duties. In this manner they became lawworthy; were answerable to the law for themselves, and not their Lords for them; and were admitted into the general system of pledges, by means of which freemen became responsible for the conduct of each other. In one word, they were raised to freo-dom,' or 'freedom,' which amongst the Anglo-Saxons meant the state, dignity, or condition of a freeman in opposition to that of a slave; in the same manner Cyne-dom' meant the dig

nity of a king; theow-dom, a word which has happily become obsolete amongst us, the state of a slave. At this time the freeburghers' seem to have been pretty much in the condition of the 'liberi homines commendati’ of Domesday; free men who paid an annual rent to their Lords as an acknowledgment of superiority and the price of protection; with this difference, that it is doubtful whether the burghers could transfer their homage from Lord to Lord at pleasure, which the 'liberi homines commendati' could generally do.

[ocr errors]

Distinguished from the general body of the burghers, there were in most boroughs some persons who united themselves into mercantile societies, termed Guilds.' They were probably in their origin mere voluntary associations for mutual protection and assistance in the conduct of commercial enterprizes, although afterwards sanctioned by authority, and their members invested with many important privileges. The establishment of mercantile guilds not merely benefited the individuals who belonged to them; but by the force of union gave additional vigour to commerce, and thus added to the importance of the boroughs in which they were erected. Upon this account it probably was, that boroughs possessed of mercantile guilds are found to have been the earliest distinguished by peculiar privileges guaranteed to them by custom or grant. This was in all probability the condition of 'burghs' at the time of Domesday, which, valuable upon this as upon every other subject of inquiry, makes mention of burgenses,' or burghers, and enumerates many of the peculiar customs of the burghs. We find in it and in other documents relating to the Saxon times, indications of the possession by the burgesses of common property, held for the benefit of the body of the town's people-property which sometimes appears to have been enjoyed by the people in common, and at others to have been let out to persons who paid rent to the burgesses, as landlords. It is clear that, from a very early period, the burghs were separate jurisdictions, having courts within themselves, and altogether independent of the courts of the hundred and shire; and many writers have thought they have discovered traces of something like a municipal jurisdiction over the affairs of the burghs, vested, not in an officer appointed by the king, but in magistrates probably chosen by the burghers' themselves. It is true that Domesday may be regarded as nearly silent upon these questions: there is no certain indication in it of the existence of any such magistrates: but, on the other hand, it may be said that this record was taken for a purpose which was merely fiscal, and altogether distinct from any inquiry into municipal jurisdictions; and, therefore, that its silence affords no conclusive argument against their existence. The possession of common property by an aggregate body, seems to render some sort of magistracy necessary for its management; and, although magistrates chosen for that specific purpose would not necessarily have any jurisdiction over the persons of the burghers, or the general affairs of the boroughs, it is highly probable that out of that source may have arisen much municipal authority. The history of all boroughs proves to demonstration that it is more easy to extend a jurisdiction than to create one.

[ocr errors]

Our early sovereigns, and especially King John, granted many charters to boroughs, principally confirmatory of their ancient privileges. As a specimen as well of the general nature of these charters, as of the manner of abstracting these documents adopted by our authors, we shall extract their account of King John's Charter to Dunwich:

« PředchozíPokračovat »