Ephesus and other Greek cities represent Diana Venatrix in a similar attitude. She is represented with various attributes on the autonomous coins of Perga, as well as on those of the Emperors.

XVI. SALONINUS.

PERGA IN PAMPHYLIA.

Obverse. ΠΟ . ΛΙΚ . CΑΛΩΝ . ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΑΝOC.CEB. Ποβλιος Λικίνιος Σαλωνίνος Ουαλεριανος Σεβαστος. Publius Licinius Saloninus Valerianus Augustus. Laureated head to the right; beneath, an eagle with expanded wings; in the field, I.

Reverse. ПEPTAION.............. NEQKOPON. (Money) of the people of Perga Neocori. A female seated on a rock, to the left; in her right hand an ear of corn; at her feet, the prow of a galley. In the field, A. . size 9.

[In the British Museum.]

The seated figure on this coin bears some resemblance to that on the coins of Edessa, and indicates that the city stood on the banks of a river. This city was proclaimed Neocora in the reign of Gallienus, when games were held in honour of the Emperor and his son Saloninus.

XVII. HADRIANUS.

CIBYRA IN PHRYGIA.

Obverse. ΑΥΤΟ . ΚΑΙ . ΤΡΑ . ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟC. Αυτοκρατωρ Καισαρ Τραιανος Adpiavos. The Emperor Cæsar Trajanus Hadrianus. Laureated bust of Hadrianus to the right; the shoulders bare.

Reverse. ΕΠΙ. ΦΛΑ . ΟΒΙΔΙΑΝΟΥ ΓΡΑ . ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ. Επι Φλαβιου Οβιδιανου Γραμματέως Κιβυρατων. Under Flavius Obidianus Scribe of the people of Cibyra. Jupiter seated to the left; in his right hand a patera; in his left, the hasta. Size 7. (Plate 2, No. 2.) [In the British Museum.]

The type of this fine and probably unique coin' is similar to that described by Mionnet; but the legend differs on each side. The money of this city corrects the orthography of Pliny and Ptolemy, who call it Kßuppa. Cibyra was one of the twelve cities of Asia which suffered by the great earthquake in the reign of Tiberius, and was in consequence of that calamity exempted from all taxes and imposts for three years. A well-known large-brass Latin coin commemorates the munificence of that vicious Emperor, whose generosity on this occasion seems inexplicable, since he was a man who certainly despised public opinion. The magistrate's name on this coin is perhaps blundered.

The word scribe often occurs, both in the Old and New Testaments. In the second book of Samuel there is a list of King David's officers, among whom is "Saraiah, who was the scribe;" and here the title would seem to agree with that which is so frequently found on the coins of the Greeks. In the Acts of the Apostles, the Scribe or гpaμμarevs (rendered in our version of the New Testament, Town Clerk),' appeased the clamour against St. Paul, when he preached to the Ephesians. But there were no doubt inferior officers styled Scribes, and such were those who were in the pay of the Roman magistrates in the time of the republic. Festus says, 'Scribæ nunc dicuntur Librarii qui rationes publicas scribunt in tabulis." The employment was not considered honourable; and Titus Livius says, that one Flavius, the son of a freedman, being the scribe of an Edile, obtained the Edileship, but was forbidden to exercise the office until he had renounced his profession,-"jurasse se scriptum non facturum." The employment at length was considered reputable, and Cicero applies to it the epithet 'honestus.' With the Greeks, however, the office of Scribe was one of considerable distinction, conferred only on men of acknowledged probity. At Athens there were three scribes, each taking a

Tome iv. p. 259.
Chap. xix. v. 35.

P Annales, iv. c. 13.

4 Chapter viii. v. 17.

different department in the registration or promulgation of the laws of the Senate. The importance of this office may be inferred from a coin of Augustus struck at Nysa, a city of Caria, upon which Tiberius, at that time Cæsar, is styled Scribe." Vaillant says, that if the Archon or Prætor of the city died during the time of their magistracy, the name of the scribe was placed on the coins for the year, as on the one above described; but Eckhel shows that this was not the case, and that the Scribes were ordinary annual magistrates.* XVIII. SEVERUS ALEXANDER.

CIBYRA IN PHRYGIA.

Obverse. AY. K. M. AY. AAEEANAPOC. Αυτοκρατωρ Καισαρ Μαρκος Avpnλios Aλeέavopos. The Emperor Cæsar Marcus Aurelius Alexander. Laureated head of Alexander to the right.

Reverse. KIBYPATON. (Money) of the people of Cibyra. The mystic hamper of Bacchus. Size 4. (Plate 2, No. 5.) [In the British Museum.]

The Phrygians were particularly devoted to the worship of Bacchus, to whose rites the cistus or hamper on the reverse of this coin alludes. It would appear by this type that festivals were held in honour of that deity at Cibyra in the reigns of Severus Alexander, and Gordianus. (See No. XIX.) The class of coins termed cistophori," were doubtless struck upon the same occasions. Many other cities of Asia celebrated festivals in honour of Bacchus; and the Cistus was considered as emblematical of that portion of the Roman dominions, as may be inferred from a quinarius of Augustus, upon which Victory is represented standing on a cistus, flanked by two serpents; legend, AȘIA REСЕРТА.

XIX. GORDIANUS THE THIRD.

CIBYRA IN PHRYGIA.

Obverse. Α.Κ . Μ . ΑΝ . ΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟΣ. Αυτοκρατωρ Καισαρ Μαρκος Αν Tovivos Topdiavos. The Emperor Cæsar Marcus Antoninus Gordianus. Laureated bust of Gordianus, with paludamentum, to the right.

Reverse. KIBYPATON. (Money) of the people of Cibyra. The mystic hamper of Bacchus. Size 5. [In the British Museum.]

The reverse of this coin is exactly similar to that of No. XVIII.

XX. COMMODUS.

GERMANICIA CESAREA IN COMMAGENE."

Obverse. AY. KAI. L..

ΚΟΜΟΔΟΝ . CE. Αυτοκρατορα Καισαρα

Λούκιον Κομοδον Σεβαστον. (The people of Germanicia Cæsarea honour) the Emperor Cæsar Lucius..... ... Commodus Augustus. Laureated head of Com

modus to the right.

Reverse. ΚΑΙΣ . ΓΕΡ . ΚΟΜ . Β. Καισαρείας Γερμανικής Κομμαγηνης (year) Svo. In four lines, within a laurel crown. (Money) of Germanicia Cæsarea in Commagene. Year 2. Size 6. [In the British Museum.]

The obverse legend is here in the accusative case, as in No. VII. I have followed the best authorities in rendering it into English.

"

"Les Médailles," says Tristan, nous apprenons tousiours quelque chose non remarqué par les anciens autheurs." Stephanus, Theodoret, and Ptolemy speak of Cæsarea and Germanicia as distinct cities, without supposing that

u Kiotopopos vel xoriçogos, qui, vel quæ, cistam gerit. See Eckhel "De numis Cistophoris." These baskets were used in the sacrifices to Bacchus, to conceal the mysteries from the people. Catullus alludes to them in his longest poem.

There is a coin of this city in the British Museum, with the head of Marcus Aurelius; reverse, a female seated with a figure swimming at her feet, typical of the river Euphrates; but the legends are not perfect; I have therefore omitted it here.

Germanicia was the distinguishing name. The former calls Germanicia Toλs Evpparnolas, which is doubtless this city of Commagene. That it was situated in Commagene, is proved by the coin above described, struck in the second year of the reign of Commodus; namely, A.D. 180, unless we reckon from the time that he was created Augustus, A.D. 177.

XXI. MACRINUS.

GERMANICIA CESAREA IN COMMAGENE.

Obverse. ΑΥΤ.Κ.Μ. ΟΠΕΛ . CEOYH . ΜΑΚΡΕΙΝOC . ΑΥΤ . Αυτοκρατωρ Καισαρ Μαρκος Οπελιος Σεονηρος Μακρεινος Αυγουστος. The Emperor Casar Marcus Opelius Severus Macrinus Augustus. Laureated bust of the Emperor right, with coat of mail and paludamentum.

(Money) of Germanicia Ca

Reverse. KAICAPEIAC. FEPMANIKHC. sarea. Jupiter, with the pallium, standing to the left, his right hand holding the hasta erect. Size 8. (Plate 2, No. 3.) [In the British Museum.] Mionnet gives a coin of this Emperor of the same size, and with the same legend, but it has the figure of Serapis.

XXII. PHILIPPUS.

GERMANICIA CÆSAREA IN COMMAGENE.

Obverse. Μ .ΙΟΥΛΙΟΣ . ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΣ . ΑΥ. Μαρκος Ιούλιος Φιλιππος Αυγουστος. The Emperor Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus. Bust of Philippus to the right, with radiated crown.

Reverse. KAIEAPEIAC. FEPMANIKHE. (Money) of Germanicia Casarea. A figure in a military habit, standing full-faced; in his right hand a branch; on his left arm a cornucopiæ. Æ. size 6§. [In the Writer's cabinet.] A coin of a similar type, but with the legend M. 10YA. ÞAINNOC . AYT. is described by Eckhel in his catalogue of the Vienna collection. The legends on both sides of this specimen are perfect; but the portrait, as well as the figure on the reverse, have suffered from detrition, and on this account it has not been considered worthy of an engraving. The profile of the Emperor is good, and agrees with that on his Latin coins; the figure on the reverse is probably his full-length portrait, the branch and cornucopiæ being, no doubt, complimentary attributes.

GILDE OF HOLY CROSS, STRATFORD-ON-AVON. Extracts translated from the Ledger of the Gilde of Holy Cross, &c. illustrative of the Ecclesiastical History of the Gilde, and of that of the neighbouring country. (See pp. 162-167.)

(fo. i.) A.D. 1406, 8 Henry IV. Thomas Schepard, Chaplain, is received into the fraternity of the Gilde, and makes a fine for continuing Chaplain of the said Gilde during the whole of his life, of

64. 138. 4d.

Robert Trowte, received at the same time to be Chaplain for life, on the same terms.

(fo. v.) A.D. 1411, 13 Henry IV. John Elmeley, Chaplain, is received into the fraternity of the Gilde, and makes a fine of 208. of which he pays on his ingress 68. 8d. and was to pay at the next communion in next following year 6s. Ed., and at the communion next following 68. 8d.; and the Master and Aldermen, by Robert Trout and Thomas Plenteth, Chaplains, concede to the said John

Elmeley that he shall have the next sacerdotal service that shall happen; or if he prefer it, another presbyter, and that he shall pay to the Master of the Gilde 208.

more.

(fo. ix.) A.D. 1414, 2 Henry V. William Boveton, Chaplain of the parish of Stratford, is received into the fraternity of the Gilde, and makes a fine of 20s. to be

paid on the feast of the nativity of St John Baptist, next following after the above date, for which Robert Trout, Chaplain, is security; and it is granted by the said Robert Trout, on the part of the Master and Aldermen of the said Gilde, and by them conceded to the said William Boveton, that he shall have the next sacerdotal service after John Elmeley shall have been served, according to the agreement with him, provided that Boveton will give as much as any other person, or, in the event of his not consenting, the Master and Aldermen grant him the alternative of relieving him from his fine.

The following further memoranda of He new-made the light, and afterentries in the ledger of this ancient wards every person admitted to the