elevated and commanding, and the character of the soil, and the excellent facilities for perfect drainage, are a perpetual guarantee of healthy and attractive places of residence, and dry, hard thoroughfares for locomotion." We quote still further from Mr. Turner, concerning the beautiful city of South Bend: "The rich sandy loam, of which the soil is composed, forms abundant nutriment for the healthy and rapid growth of innumerable shade and ornamental trees, indigenous to the locality, among which may be mentioned the sugar and silver maple, the elm, the sycamore, the walnut, and the oak; while gardens are filled with thrifty apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry, and quince trees, and an abundance of the smaller fruits. The streets are wide and regular, crossing each other at right angles, and at convenient intervals. The grades are uniform, with a sufficient fall toward the river to secure perfect drainage, and afford a never-failing auxiliary to the natural healthfulness of the place. The business houses are capacious and convenient, while many of them, by their imposing appearance, impart a metropolitan air to the city. The private residences, many of which are of brick, are generally neat and tasteful, and frequently illustrate some of the most modern and artistic achievements in architecture.

The first white settlement at South Bend was made by Alexis Coquillard, in the Spring of 1824. This was also the first in the county. This gentleman was an Indian-trader, and agent for the North American Fur Company, then under the control of John Jacob Astor. He was a Frenchman, originally from Montreal, and, having lived a great portion of his life with the Indians, became a thorough pioneer of the old school. As a business man he was enterprising, prudent and successful. Other settlers soon followed, and step by step the little town grew into a city, and from an infant city to an important manufacturing and commercial centre.

We have no space in this volume to speak of the educational advantages of South Bend in the manner in which their importance deserves. Notre Dame! Who is not familiar with the name, and with its great merits? "Notre Dame University" is one of the few institutions of learning in the State

which have taken a high stand in the estimation of the world. It is a Catholic institution, and is justly the boast of that people. From all parts of the world it attracts its pupils; foreign countries as well as all parts of our own fair land, contributing their quota to swell the number who haunt the lovely shades of Notre Dame and imbibe instruction and knowledge in its princely halls. The professors, who deal out learning in the ablest manner, are selected with wondrous care, and by their attainments and power of imparting the gleanings of studious years of research, have made an education gained at this university a high honor to any young man. Not only in the more substantial elements of learning does this famed institution excel. The æsthetic is given a prominent place in the curriculum of study, and combines with the more solid and practical branches to form a result but little short of perfec tion. The extent and magnitude of the grounds and buildings are ever the wonder of the admiring stranger. He had dreamed of something on an enormous scale, but falling short of this. To the guest of South Bend, Notre Dame is a prominent place of interest, and the affability of its polite brothers tends not a little to make it so. The presiding genius of the institution is well and widely known as Father Lemonnier. revered, and loved of all. It is the headquarters of Father Sorin, general of the order.

"St. Mary's is none the less perfect in its own peculiar attributes. Erected on a garden spot of earth, and in the midst of grounds which nature and art have both tried their most skillful hands upon, it affords within its hallowed shades a perfect home and school together. The common branches and the rugged paths of learning are by no means ignored nor slighted; but St. Mary's particularly excels in the perfecting of those accomplishments which adorn the mind of lovely woman and which send the elegancies of art into an otherwise sordid and too common-place existence. Music, painting and needlework here receive that critical attention so often disregarded in other academies of this kind. From early morn till dewy eve' music, dropping from rose-bud mouths, like pearls, or brought from ivory keys in some mysterious man

ner, sounds through these stately buildings. Prominent among the delightful features here seen is the care bestowed upon the amenities of life. The polished manners of the Sisters of the Holy Cross are insensibly communicated to the students, giving a well-bred and courteous air which a pupil of St. Mary's never loses. At commencement there are gala days here; crowds of friends, from afar, come to see and hear the 'sweet girl graduates with their golden hair,' and to praise the skill and excellence evinced in their instruction.

"St. Joseph's Academy is under the same supervision, but situated on a commanding spot in our city, instead of some distance down the banks of the beautiful river, as is St. Mary's. It possesses the same excellencies, however, although on a less colossal scale. At both of these institutions special attention is given to health, and the watchful care and tender nursing of these gentle sisters is a great object to parents who would not otherwise dare to send their little ones away from home."*

The public schools of South Bend are in a good, efficient condition. The high school has all the attractions of the metropolitan high school, and is under a very able management. The schools throughout the whole county are above the average county schools of the State.

The manufacturing interests of South Bend are very extensive, and are yearly increasing. The city has excellent banking facilities; and the commercial industries are full of promise. There is no city in Indiana growing faster. The population is about twelve thousand.†

* Compiled from Turner's Annual.

There are many of the special features of the county which we are compelled to pass over for want of space.

MA

CHAPTER LVIII.

MADISON COUNTY

HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE.

ADISON county was first settled in 1820, or during the year preceding. In 1820, the county contained, probably, one hundred settlers, who were located, for the most part, near the falls of Fall creek. Among this number may be mentioned the names of Elias Hollingsworth, Samuel Holliday, Thomas and William McCartney, Thomas Scott, Israel Cocks, and Saul Shaul. Adam Dobson, Parmer Patrick, and William and Thomas Silver followed soon after. "From this infant settlement," says Mr. Harding, "we have grown to a population of 25,000."

The county, as a rule, might be called level; "there are, however, on White river and Fall creek, hills of considerable size. There is comparatively little waste land in the county. The prairie, between Pendelton and Anderson, for many years considered as waste land, is gradually being subdued, and will soon become the garden spot of the county, instead of being the home of miasma and noxious weeds."* Improvements in this land, by a system of ditching, are rapidly going forward. The county is well watered by numerous creeks, which have served a valuable day for mill owners, and which drain the soil admirably.

Madison county was organized in 1823. At that time the county seat was located at Pendleton, where it remained until 1836, when is was permanently located at Anderson. The population of the county in 1830, was 2,238; in 1840, it was 8,874; in 1850, it was 12,375; in 1860, it was 16,518; in 1870, it was 22,770; and, in 1875, is estimated in round numbers at * Mr. Harding's work.