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legislation of this character on the statute books than our colleague, Mr. Walter.

Mr. GRAHAM. I would like to agree heartily with that in every way. Mr. GWYNNE. Following that original bill, of course, we had the bill of last year which finally was passed and which was signed by the President and became the Administrative Procedure Act. The law was hailed by the bar and by thinking people generally as a great step forward, as a great step along the road that we must travel-the road that leads back from a government of men to a government of laws.

As Mr. Walter has pointed out, during this time that the bill was before the Congress, many bureaus and agencies of the Government were very much opposed to it, and they have never accepted it kindly. I am not surprised at the attempt now being made, and I predict further attempts will be made, to whittle down the act.

us.

Mr. KEATING. In that connection, I think that another bill is before

Mr. GWYNNE. I would suggest, Mr. Chairman, that before this is done, we certainly should give this matter great consideration. I would not like to see, on account of the tremendous struggle that was had to get this act on the books, any whittling done on its provisions. Thank you.

Mr. GRAHAM. Thank you. Any questions? (No response.)
The hearing is closed."

(Whereupon, at 10:35 a. m., the hearing was closed.)

CONDUCT OF DISCIPLINARY HEARINGS OF COAST

GUARD COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1948

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY,

SUBCOMMITTEE No. 3,
Washington, D. C.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10 a. m., in room 327, Old House Office Building, Hon. Louis E. Graham (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.

Mr. GRAHAM. The committee will please come to order.

We have under consideration S. 1077, an act to amend section 4450 of the revised statutes of the United States, as amended by the act of July 29, 1937, and for other purposes.

Mr. GRAHAM. There are several who wish to be heard on this bill. The Chair will recognize Mr. Latham, from New York.

STATEMENT OF HON. HENRY J. LATHAM, A REPRESENTATIVE IN
CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Mr. LATHAM. Mr. Chairman, my name is Henry J. Latham, Member of Congress from the Third District of New York.

I am especially interested in this matter, Mr. Chairman, because I am a member of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and because there is a question of public safety involved, I think, in the passage of this bill.

I would like to break down my remarks and divide them into three categories:

1. What is the situation today with respect to this problem? 2. How did it come about, and

3. What should be done about it?

This matter came to my attention originally because of an editorial which appeared in the New York Herald-Tribune on December 11, 1947. The title of this editorial is "Shipboard Discipline" and the best way I know to present this problem is to read this very brief editorial.

Mr. GRAHAM. All right.
Mr. LATHAM (reading:).

Ship discipline is one of those indispensables without which no merchant marine can survive. So the charge that in American ships it has fallen to its lowest point in maritime history deserves comment, to put it mildly. Our merchant seamen are treated and protected more generously than any other. At the moment our merchant fleet dominates the seas. Imagine, then, a situation in which the men who man our ships are free of the restraints associated with their responsibilities. Yet that appears to be the case, due to a provision of

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CONDUCT OF DISCIPLINARY HEARINGS OF COAST
GUARD COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1948

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY,

SUBCOMMITTEE No. 3,
Washington, D. C.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10 a. m., in room 327, Old House Office Building, Hon. Louis E. Graham (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.

Mr. GRAHAM. The committee will please come to order.

We have under consideration S. 1077, an act to amend section 4450 of the revised statutes of the United States, as amended by the act of July 29, 1937, and for other purposes.

Mr. GRAHAM. There are several who wish to be heard on this bill. The Chair will recognize Mr. Latham, from New York.

STATEMENT OF HON. HENRY J. LATHAM, A REPRESENTATIVE IN
CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Mr. LATHAM. Mr. Chairman, my name is Henry J. Latham, Member of Congress from the Third District of New York.

I am especially interested in this matter, Mr. Chairman, because I am a member of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and because there is a question of public safety involved, I think, in the passage of this bill.

I would like to break down my remarks and divide them into three categories:

1. What is the situation today with respect to this problem? 2. How did it come about, and

3. What should be done about it?

This matter came to my attention originally because of an editorial which appeared in the New York Herald-Tribune on December 11, 1947. The title of this editorial is "Shipboard Discipline" and the best way I know to present this problem is to read this very brief editorial.

Mr. GRAHAM. All right.

Mr. LATHAM (reading:).

Ship discipline is one of those indispensables without which no merchant marine can survive. So the charge that in American ships it has fallen to its lowest point in maritime history deserves comment, to put it mildly. Our merchant seamen are treated and protected more generously than any other. At the moment our merchant fleet dominates the seas. Imagine, then, a situation in which the men who man our ships are free of the restraints associated with their responsibilities. Yet that appears to be the case, due to a provision of

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