"tonsillitis," "ordinary sore throat," etc., examination at the laboratory proved that 88, or 26.2 per cent., were true diphtheria. The attending physician was unwilling to commit himself in 247 cases, and called them doubtful. Of these, 71 (28.1 per cent.) contained diphtheria bacilli. Hence, it would seem that if, in Indiana at least, the physician depended solely on the gross appearance of the throat for diagnosis: (1) Parents would have to buy expensive antitoxin needlessly in 45 per cent. of the cases pronounced diphtheria; and (2) that in more than 25 per cent. of the cases diagnosed "not diphtheria," children would really need antitoxin and not get it.

The results of examinations at other laboratories do not differ greatly from those given above. At the Boston City Laboratory it was found that "when a physician makes definitely a positive clinical diagnosis at the time of taking the culture, bacilli are found in 68 per cent. of the cases," and that when he "makes a definitely bacilli are found in negative diagnosis 11 per cent. of the cases." J. L. Neff,11 director

9910

of the Philadelphia City Laboratory, found diphtheria bacilli in 83 per cent. of cases diagnosed diphtheria clinically, in 35 per cent. of those diagnosed "not diphtheria," and in 46 per cent. in which the diagnosis was doubtful. At the Chicago Laboratory12 cultures from 34 per cent. of cases diagnosed diphtheria contained diphtheria bacilli, 13 per cent. of those pronounced tonsillitis, and 8.6 per cent. of those in which the physician did not venture a diagnosis. These results may be tabulated as follows:

reports are reliable as showing the presence of the bacilli of diphtheria." If this last fact were thoroughly grasped by practitioners the labors of the health authorities would be much easier.

While the figures given above prove that it is not only more scientific, but also more economical to make bacteriological examinations of all sore throats, regardless of their severity, they do not justify withholding antitoxin in urgent cases until the report from the laboratory is received. However, in mild cases that can be watched, it is safe to wait until the result of laboratory examination has been obtained, if it can be had within a reasonable time.

All state laboratories are somewhat handicapped by the fact that it is usually eight to twenty-four hours after the swab has been taken

from the throat before it is delivered at the laboratory. This necessitates some delay in getting the report to the physician. The difficulty can be partially obviated by the method in use at this laboratory. As soon as the specimen is received,

a culture is made and a smear from the swab examined. A diagnosis can sometimes be made specimens are reported within an hour after they from this smear, and nearly 5 per cent. of our

reach the laboratory. Where there is the slightest doubt as to the findings on the swab, the case is not reported until the culture has been examined. The cultures are examined at the end of six or eight hours, and about 5 per cent. more can be reported. No case is pronounced negative from the swab. An analysis of 263 specimens show that 35.6 per cent. of cases diagnosed positive or "probably positive" from the swab, were confirmed on culture; while 75.3 per cent. of the swab diagnoses, both positive and negative, were confirmed by culture. At the Boston City Laboratory, "out of 441 swabs examined, 329, or 74.5 per cent., were reported as the culture proved."13 While three-fourths of the swab diagnoses are confirmed by cultures, it is not thought safe to report any case negative from the swab alone. But every specimen is reported in not more than twenty-four hours after it reaches the laboratory. Reports will reach physicians much more quickly if they request that the results be sent by telegraph.

Several practical conclusions may be drawn from the facts given above.

1. Since diphtheria is vastly more prevalent during the school months and since school children, who so frequently have chronically diseased. throats, may easily become diphtheria bacillicarriers, systematic school inspection with subse

13. Rep. of Director of Bact. Lab. of Boston Board of Health, 1908, p. 6.

quent proper treatment of pathological throat conditions will undoubtedly produce a very marked decrease in the annual number of cases of diphtheria in Indiana.

2. The fact that a large number of cases diagnosed "not diphtheria" clinically prove positive on bacteriological examination, and vice versa, demonstrates the importance of taking cultures from every sore throat, regardless of the age of the patient or the severity of the symptoms.

3. It is likewise important in combating the spread of this disease to take cultures from the throats of every person who has come in contact with a case of diphtheria.

4. All persons whose throat cultures contain diphtheria bacilli, whether suffering from any symptoms of the disease or not, should be placed in quarantine and kept there until at least one culture, or, better, two consecutive cultures, show that these bacilli have disappeared. The administration of antitoxin has little or nothing to do with the disappearance of diphtheria bacilli from the throat.

5. An arbitrary time limit of quarantine in

The

It was found that the extruding organs were for the most part firmly adherent to each other and replacement was impossible. The abdominal cavity was very much smaller than the sac. extrusion having taken place, no doubt, two or three months before birth, the abdominal cavity therefore failed to develop to its normal relative capacity. Though an autopsy was not permitted and any estimate as to the relative size of the sac and the abdominal cavity would be at best a mere guess, I suspect that not one-third of the bulk of the extruded abdominal viscera could have been contained in the abdomen, even if the replacement had not been rendered impossible because of the adhesions. In the sac were the liver, gall-bladder, spleen, pancreas, stomach, most of the large and small intestines and the bladder. The child was a female. The extruding sac was round and measured approximately 172 centimeters in diameter.

The child died on the fifth day.

antine should be governed entirely by the results of bacteriological examination of subsequent cultures from the throat of the patient.

UMBILICAL HERNIA CONTAINING ALL OF THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA. JOSEPH RILUS EASTMAN, M.D. INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

The accompanying photograph shows somewhat indistinctly a remarkable case of umbilical hernia, congenital in character, as umbilical herniæ usually are. The sac had but one coat

Large umbilical hernia with only a transparent peritoneal covering and containing all of the abdominal viscera. a peritoneal coat-which, though somewhat thickened, was quite transparent, making it possible to determine with considerable precision the contents from without. Two days after the birth of the infant, a fruitless attempt was made to return. the contents of the sac to the abdominal cavity.

OF INDIANA.

G. W. H. KEMPER, M.D.

MUNCIE, IND.

(Continued from page 536, Vol. II.)

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF DECEASED PHYSICIANS. COMPTON, JOHN W.-Evansville (1825-1905). S. T. 1905, 444. Dr. Compton contributed the following articles to our State Transactions: "Sanitary Progress," 1881, 18; "Animal Vaccination," 1882, 188, and "The Treatment of Ante-partum Hemorrhage," 1888, 75. He was quite a contributor to medical journals and medical societies. See Robson, p. 606.

COOK, WARD.-Pendleton (1808-1894). S. T. 1895, 408. Dr. Cook combined all the qualifications of the early pioneer practitioners. He was born in Virginia, Oct. 9, 1808. In 1832 he came to Indiana on horseback and began the practice of medicine in Madison county, after receiving a license from the Thirteenth District Medical Society. His professional life comprised a period of fifty-seven years, and most of the time was passed at Pendleton and Anderson. He wrote many valuable medical papers, one on "Laceration of the Perineum in Parturition," Trans. 1892, 142. He died at Pendleton, Dec. 24, 1894, and is buried in the village cemetery at that place near the railroad. I never pass by on the cars, when it is not dark, that I do not honor his memory by looking through the window at his monument. See I. M. J., Vol. xiii, 336, ib., for excellent portrait, facing p. 319.

COOPER, WILLIAM.-New Albany (1809-1879). Was born at Chambersburg, Pa., March 27, 1809. Graduated at Jefferson Medical College in 1834, and in 1835 located at New Albany, and for a time was in partnership with Dr. Pleasant S. Shields. He was a visitor to the Jeffersonville penitentiary in the forties, and added several humane conditions to that institu

tion. His name is on the list of physicians at the convention of 1849. During the Civil War he was a surgeon in the military hospital at New Albany. He died July 10, 1879. Dr. Samuel Cooper (1838-1888), son of the above, moved to St. Louis county Missouri, where he died in March, 1888.-Letter from Mrs. Mary Cooper Moore, Wichita, Kas., daughter of William Cooper.

COREY, LAVANNER.—Grant county (1834-1896). S. T. 1897, 350.

CORLEW, RUFUS M.-Evansville (1843-1896). S. T. 1896, 272.

CORNETT, WILLIAM T. S.-Madison (1805-1897). Was born July 11, 1805, at Carrolton, Ky., and died at Madison, Ind., May 6, 1897. He came to Indiana, locating at Versailles, Ripley county, in 1825, where he remained in active practice for forty years. At the time Dr. Cornett located in Indiana, each judicial district constituted a medical district, and the district society had three censors whose duty it was to examine applicants, and if found qualified they would give a permit to practice until the next meeting of the society. Dr. Cornett came under this rule. In 1852 the University of Louisville and the Indiana Central Medical College each conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine.

Dr. Cornett was the first president of the Indiana State Medical Society, and delivered the first annual address at Indianapolis, May 15, 1850. Published in Transactions 1850, 13.

In 1866, having become somewhat infirm, Dr. Cornett gave up active practice and removed to Madison, where he practiced only in consultation. Here he became interested in geology and in time became thoroughly familiar with the geology of southern Indiana.

He represented the county of Ripley in the State Senate for six years, beginning in 1841. Dr. Cornett writes (I. M. J., May, 1893, 323): "At the session of 1843-4, when the revenue bill of the House was reported to the Senate I moved to amend the bill so that an additional one cent on the hundred dollars be levied as a fund with which to build a Lunatic Asylum. This amendment was carried in the Senate, and the House concurred in the amendment. With this fund a farm was purchased near Indianapolis, and on it the first Hospital for the Insane erected. This property is said now to be worth a million and a half dollars. The history of the origin and progress of this institution has been written and published more than once, and there has been no mention of my name in connection with it. For the truth of my statement see Senate Journal, 1843-4, page 521. The above injustice is my apology for naming the subject here."

Dr. Cornett contributed a number of valuable papers on medical topics to various journals. In the Transactions of our state society he gave an admirable address on the "Use, Progress, State and Future Prosperity of Medical Science," 1850, 13. Also, "Report of the Committee on the Practice of Medicine," 1852, 33. "A Case of Gangrene of the Foot from Ossification of the Leg," 1853, 151, and an exceedingly interesting report (from which I have already made an extensive quotation) on "Professional Reminiscences," 1874, 30. See Robson, p. 60. See picture, I. M. J., Vol. xi, facing p.

321.

COURTNEY, JAMES T.-Whitewater (1855-1886). S. T. 1887, 190.

COWAN, JOHN A.-Auburn (1843-1885). S. T. 1886, 200.

CRAPO, JOHN R.-Terre Haute (1850-1905). S. T. 1906, 503.

CRAVENS, SAMUEL C.-Bloomfield (1839-1903). S. T. 1904, 351. I. M. J., Vol. xxii, 162. (Picture). CRIPPEN, E. H.-Milroy (1833-1896). S. T. 1896,

262.

CRIST, DANIEL, O.—Indianapolis (1824-1899). S. T. 1899, 402. For a number of years he was a member of the faculty of the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons (Indianapolis), having charge of the department of materia medica and therapeutics.

CROSBY, THE. H.-Bluffton (1818-1883). S. T. 1883, 274.

CROSS, JOSEPH B.-Bainbridge (1824-1889). S. T. 1889, 215.

CROUSE, JEROME H.-Dayton (1843-1908). Dr. Crouse was a soldier of the Civil War, having served three years in the Tenth Indiana Light Artillery. He was a native of Dayton, and practiced there for twenty years. See memoir, I. M. J., Vol. xxvii, 3.

CRUNKELTON, FRED J.-Peru (1869-1896). S. T. 1896, 258.

CULBERTSON, ROBERT H.-Brazil (1830-1899). S. T. 1900, 320.

A.-Clear Spring (1857

CUMMINS, BENJAMIN F.-Bluffton (1837-1887). S. T. 1887, 198. CUMMINGS, HIRAM 1905). S. T. 1906, 498. CURE, HIRAM W.-Martinsville (1830-1900). S. T. 1901, 482.

CURRAN, ROBERT.-Jeffersonville (1806-1872). S. T. 1872, 133.

CURRYER, WILLIAM F.-Indianapolis (18451902). I. M. J., Vol. xxi, 40.

CURTIS, GEORGE L.-Columbus (1835-1898). S. T. 1898, 390. Dr. Curtis graduated in medicine from the Indiana Medical College in 1877, was professor of hygiene and sanitary science in the Indiana Medical College from 1883 to 1890, and at the time of his death was professor of diseases of the nervous system in the medical department of the University of New Orleans, having delivered a course of lectures in that institution in 1897. While never engaging in the practice of medicine, he took a lively interest in everything pertaining to it. He was author of a number of books of a high order, pertaining to religious subjects.

He was pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Columbus, Indiana, at the time of his death, which occurred at Naples, Italy, April 1, 1898, while on a tour to the Holy Land. An interesting sketch of his life will be found in the Transactions named above, also I. M. J., Vol. xvi, 412.

DAVENPORT, HENDERSON D.-Sheridan (18461908). Jour. Ind. State Med. Assoc., Vol. 1, 158. Was a soldier of the Civil War.

DAVENPORT, THEODORE.-Warsaw (1828-1884). S. T. 1885, 221. Dr. Theodore Davenport was born in Sullivan county, New York, Oct. 4, 1828. Completed his studies at the Albany Medical College, January, 1851. After practicing at Oswego, and at Roanoke, Ind., he settled in Warsaw, April 5, 1857, and practiced there until the time of his death.

At the session of the Legislature in 1875 he was elected one of the directors of the Northern Prison at Michigan City, Ind. He was president of the Board of Directors, and during his incumbency (two years) the north wing and a large workshop were added to the prison.

DAVIDSON, GREENLEAF N.-Noblesville (18291893). He was a corporal in Company E, 168th Reg. Ohio Vols. He held the chairs of botany, therapeutics and materia medica in the Physio-Medical College of Indiana from 1873 to 1891.-Dr. W. A. Spurgeon.

DAVIS, EUGENE F.-Indianapolis (1871-1903). S. T. 1903, 337.

DAVIS, ROBERT P.-Portland (1836-1902). S. T. 1902, 412. For a short time was assistant surgeon of the Eighty-fourth Reg. Ind. Vols.

DAVIS, SAMUEL.-Indianapolis (1814-1886). S. T. 1886, 216. Was surgeon of the Eighty-third Reg. Ind. Vols. See I. M. J., Vol. iv, 223.

DAY, SAMUEL D.-Shelbyville (1811-1893). S. T. 1894, 218.

DAYHUFF, A. F.-Kokomo (1827-1884). S. T. 1886,

195.

DE BRULER, OLIVER E.-Ireland (1857-1892). S. T. 1893, 248.

DEMING, ELIZUR H.-Lafayette (1797-1855). Dr. Deming was born in Great Barrington, Mass., March 4, 1797. He was a graduate of Williamstown College, and was considered the best Hebrew scholar that ever graduated from that institution. The Greek and Latin languages were almost as familiar to him as the English. In 1827 he received the degree of M.D. In 1821 he removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, and began the practice of medicine, but being a Mason, and at that time the order being persecuted, he changed his residence. In 1833 he received a commission as surgeon in the U. S. Army, but owing to the prevalence of cholera he resigned and went home to care for his family. In 1834 he located in Lafayette. In 1842 he defeated Hon. J. Petitt for the legislature, running as an anti-slavery candidate. In 1846 he was appointed to the chair of materia medica and therapeutics in the Laporte Medical College. In 1853 he was appointed to the chair of general pathology and clinical medicine, in the University of Missouri, and had just completed his second course before his decease.

Before his appointment in Missouri, an informal correspondence was had with him by the Regents of the University of Michigan, in reference to his appointment to the presidency of that institution. However, his anti-slavery views were an insuperable objection with those guardians of private opinion, whose astuteness detected the dangerous heterodoxy, which the dull official perception of Missouri statesmen totally overlooked. "Of whom the world was not worthy!" He died Feb. 23, 1855. He was president of the state society in 1854, and delivered an address, found on page

14 of the Transactions for that year. The reader will find a beautiful and scholarly Bibliographical sketch of the late Dr. Deming," by the late Dr. John S. Bobbs, from which I have condensed the above, in State Transactions for 1857, p. 53.

DEPEW, RICHARD J.-Indianapolis (1815-1897). I. M. J., Vol. xv, 471.

DE VORE, HENRY V.-Greencastle (1854-1892). S. T. 1892, 293.

DICKEN, JAMES L.-Lafontaine (1821-1900). S. T. 1900, 321.

DILL, NATHANIEL C.-De Soto (1860-1897). S. T. 1897, 355.

DILLS, THOMAS J.-Fort Wayne (1847-1899). S. T. 1899, 410. Dr. Dills was a specialist of promise at the time of his early death. For some time he filled the chair of ophthalmology and otology in the Fort Wayne Medical College. In the Transactions named, Dr. Wheelock pays a fine tribute to Dr. Dills' memory. In the Transactions 1878, 92, he contributes a "Report of a Case of Basedow's or Graves' Disease," and in 1884, 75, "Two Cases of Intraocular Tumors, with Remarks." He died at Pomona, California, while seeking relief from a lingering illness.

DOAN, N. W.-Curtisville (1829-1905). S. T. 1906, 501.

EBENEZER

F.-Wabash (1829

DOLPH, CASSIUS M.-Pleasant Lake (1860-1899). S. T. 1900, 322. DONALDSON, 1898). S. T. 1899, 383. DOOLEY, ALDINE J.-Marion (1872-1906). S. T. 1907, 484.

DOWLING, HENRY MCCABE.-New Albany (18051852). Born April 5, 1805, and died Jan. 26, 1852. Was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania. Was a member of the Medical Convention, June 6, 1849.Judge Dowling.

DRAYER, PETER.-Hartford City (1840-1901). S. T. 1903, 338.

DRYDEN, THOMAS F.-Clayton (1835-1896). S. T. 1896, 275.

DU KATE, JOHN B.-Vincennes (1849-1902). S. T. 1903, 339.

DUNHAM, VALENTINE.-Madison county (18121882). S. T. 1882, 201.

DUNLAP, JOHN M.-Indianapolis (1829-1899). S. T. 1899, 408. From 1869 to 1872 he was demonstrator of anatomy in the Medical College of Indiana. Later he abandoned general practice and devoted himself to diseases of the nose and throat. See I. M. J., Vol. xvii, 404.

(1799

DUNLAP, LIVINGSTON. - Indianapolis 1862). Was present at organization of State Medical Convention in 1849, and presided at that meeting. At this convention Dr. John H. Sanders was temporary and Dr. Livingston Dunlap permanent president.

DUNNING, LEHMAN H.- Indianapolis (18501906). Was born at Edwardsburg, Michigan, April 12, 1850, and died at Indianapolis, Jan. 4, 1906. He began the practice of medicine at Troy, Michigan, removed to South Bend, Indiana, in 1873, and to Indianapolis in 1889, where he continued to reside until the date of his death.

While residing at South Bend his work and contribu tions to medical literature began to attract attention.

Probably he was the first in the state to treat the floating kidney by fixation. He also did nephrectomy for suppurative diseases. His early gynecological papers are case reports with remarks, evincing thorough study, as they pertain to developmental deficiencies and anomalies of the uterus to pelvic peritonitis, and to mammary and uterine cancer. A very interesting article may be read on "Report of a Case of Extirpation of the Kidney, with Remarks," Trans. 1887, 127. The patient made a good recovery.

Preparatory to removal to Indianapolis he spent some time abroad in the hospitals in Vienna, London and Paris. On his return he was appointed adjunct professor of diseases of women in the Indiana Medical College. Upon the death of Dr. Thomas B. Harvey he was succeeded as professor of medical and surgical diseases of women by Dr. Dunning. This new field being opened, he rapidly developed as a lecturer and instructor, until he became an expert teacher and operator.

Honors came to Dr. Dunning. He was chosen to the office of president of the Indianapolis Medical Society, the Indianapolis Gynecological Society, and the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and in 1905 Chairman of the Section on Gynecology of the American Medical Association.

Professionally, Dr. Dunning died prematurely young. He was a religious man and an ardent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

(In the preparation of this article I am especially under obligation to the memorial address on the life and character of Dr. Dunning by Dr. Hugo O. Pantzer.) See Stone, p. 144, with portrait. Also editorial, I. M. J. (with later portrait), Vol. xxiv, 266.

DUZAN, GEORGE N.-Indianapolis (1841-1893). Stone, p. 608. He contributed two papers to the State Society: "Nature and Cure of Disease," Trans. 1871, 133, and "Cholera Infantum," Trans. 1873, 27. See I. M. J., Vol. xii, 219.

DWIGGINS, MOSES F.-Richmond (1852-1890). S. T. 1890, 161.

S. T. 1903, 340. Dr. Eastman was born in Fulton county, New York, Jan. 29, 1842. His early education was limited. For three years past the age of eighteen he worked at the trade of a blacksmith. In 1861 he was a member of the Seventy-seventh New York Volunteers, and during actual conflict in battle showed himself to be a brave soldier. After the battle of Williamsburg he was taken sick and was sent to Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, D. C. After his recovery he was appointed hospital steward in the United States Army and graduated from the University of Georgetown in 1865. Until 1866 he served as a surgeon in the U. S. Volunteers and was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., the same year. Dr. Eastman engaged in general practice of medicine and surgery, first in Clermont and later in Brownsburg, Indiana, and in 1875 located in Indianapolis, when he became demonstrator of anatomy in the college of physicians and surgeons in that city. At the organization of the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons, in 1879, Dr. Eastman accepted the chair of anatomy and clinical surgery and was one of the most prominent members of the faculty. At a later period he became its president and the title of his chair was changed to diseases of women and abdominal surgery, continuing in this department of medicine, in which he became so eminent, until his death. From 1886 his practice was limited to diseases of women and abdominal surgery.

Hirst's Obstetrics, Vol. ii, page 267-270, gives him credit for being the second in the world and the only American surgeon who, in operating for extrauterine pregnancy, has dissected out the entire sac which contained a living child, and saved the life of both mother and child. In 1891 Wabash College conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. For many years Dr. Eastman had been a contributor to the more prominent medical journals of the United States and he has been given credit for a considerable amount of original work in the department of abdominal surgery. Most of the instruments which he used were either invented by himself or an improvement upon the ideas advanced by others. He was one of the founders of The Medical and Surgical Monitor. He contributed a number of valuable papers to the State Society: "Upward Dislocation of the Sternal End of the Clavicle," Trans. 1878, 98; "Excision of the Knee Joint, with Cases," Trans. 1879, 108; "A Few Thoughts on the Anatomy, Surgery and Hygiene of the Rectum," Trans. 1883, 155; "Four Cases of Abdominal Surgery, with Com

ments," Trans. 1884, 82; "Abdominal Surgery, with Cases and Comments," Trans. 1885, 96; "A Case of Hysterectomy, with Practical Comments on Laparotomy," Trans. 1887, 133; "Ovarian Statistics-Twentyone Cases," I. M. J., December, 1886, 379.

Dr. Eastman was among the first, if not the first abdominal surgeon in Indiana to operate in doubtful cases. Prior to his time surgeons hesitated to operate in critical cases for fear of a high mortality record. He was fearless, and saved many valuable lives in his own practice, and taught other surgeons to do likewise. "By rare force of character, determination and hard work he advanced himself to a position of acknowledged learning and skill in surgery, gaining a fame which was both national and international, and his personality made a strong impression upon patients and doctors alike."--Dr. Theodore Potter. See Stone, p. 150; I. M. J., Vol. xxi, 40. Also "A Sketch," by Dr. Samuel E. Earp, Med. and Surgical Monitor, June, 1902 (with portrait), from which much of the above information was derived.

(To be continued.)