tenant-governor, he was acting governor to the bar in 1831, and became prominent (1753-55), after the death of Governor as a criminal lawyer. He was a member Osborn. Judge De Lancey was for many years the most influential man in the politics and legislation of the colony, and was one of the founders of King's College (now Columbia University). He wrote a Review of the Military Operations from 1753 to 1756. He died in New York City, July 30, 1760. of Congress in 1844-64 and 1866-68; was appointed United States commissioner of internal revenue in 1869, and later by reorganizing the bureau increased the receipts in eight months more than 100 per cent.; and was Secretary of the Department of the Interior in 1870-75. He died in Mount Vernon, O., Oct. 23, 1896. Delaware, the first of the thirteen original States that ratified the federal Constitution; takes its name from Lord De la Warr (Delaware), who entered the bay of that name in 1610, when he was De Lancey, OLIVER, military officer; born in New York City, Sept. 16, 1708; brother of Judge De Lancey; for many years a member of the Assembly and Council, also a colonel of the provincial troops, and when the Revolution governor of Virginia. It had been disbroke out he organized and equipped, chiefly at his own expense, a corps of loyalists. In 1777 he was appointed a brigadier-general in the royal service. His military operations were chiefly in the region of New York City. At the evacuation of that city in 1783 he went to England. He died in Beverley, England, Nov. 27, 1785. De Lancey, OLIVER, military officer; born in New York City in 1752; educated abroad; entered the British army in 1766, and rose to major in 1773; was with the British army in Boston during the siege in 1775-76, and accompanied it to Nova Scotia. He returned with it to Staten Island in June, and commanded the British cavalry when the army invaded Long Island in August, which formed the advance of the right column. To him Gencral Woodhull surrendered under promise of protection, but it was not afforded, and the patriot was murdered. He was active under Sir Henry Clinton throughout the war. In 1781 he succeeded Major André as adjutant-general, and on his return to England undertook the arrangement of the claims of the loyalists for compensation for losses in America. He was also at the head of a commission for settling all Because army accounts during the war. of defalcations in his public accounts, he was removed from office. He was elected to Parliament in 1796; was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1801, and to general in 1812. He died in Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 3, 1822. covered by Hudson in 1609. In 1629 Samuel Godyn, a director of the Dutch West India Company, bought of the Indians a tract of land near the mouth of the Delaware; and the next year De Vries, with twenty colonists from Holland, settled near the site of Lewes. The colony was destroyed by the natives three years afterwards, and the Indians had sole possession of that district until 1638, when a colony of Swedes and Finns landed on Cape Henlopen, and purchased the lands along the bay and river as far north as the falls at Trenton (see NEW SWEDEN). They built Fort Christiana near the site of Wilmington. Their settleDelano, COLUMBUS, statesman; born in ments were mostly planted within the Shoreham, Vt., June 5, 1809; settled in present limits of Pennsylvania. The Mount Vernon, O., in 1817; admitted Swedes were conquered by the Dutch of New Netherland in 1655, and from that time until 1664, when New Netherland was conquered by the English, the territory was claimed by the Dutch, and controlled by them. Then Lord Baltimore, proprietor of Maryland, claimed all the territory on the west side of Delaware Bay, and even to lat. 40°; and settlers from Maryland attempted to drive away the settlers from the present State of Delaware. When William Penn obtained a grant of Pennsylvania, he was very desirous of owning the land on Delaware Bay to the sea, and procured from the Duke of York a release of all his title and claim to New Castle and 12 miles around it, and to the land between that tract and the sea; and in the presence of all the settlers he produced his deeds (October, 1682), and formally accepted the surrender of the territory. Lord Baltimore pressed his claim, but in 1685 the Lords of Trade and Plantations made a decision in Penn's favor. A compromise afterwards adjusted all conflicting claims. The tracts which now constitute the State of Delaware, Penn called "The Territories," or "Three Lower Counties on the Delaware." They were governed as a part of Pennsylvania for about twenty years afterwards, and each county had six delegates in the legislature. Then Penn allowed them a separate legislature; but the colony was under the governor of l'ennsylvania until 1776, when the inhabitants declared it an independent State. A constitution was adopted by a convention of the people of the three counties-New Castle, Kent, and Sussex --Sept. 20, 1776. A State government was organized, and John McKinley was elected its first governor. In 1792 a second constitution was framed and adopted. Although Delaware was a slave State, it refused to secede at the outbreak of the Civil War; and, though it assumed a sort of neutrality, it furnished several regiments of volunteers for the Union army. In all the wars Delaware patriotically furnished its share of men and money for the public defence. In 1897 the State had an assessed property valuation of $77,632,079; and in 1899 had assets of $164,993 in excess of all liabilities. The population in 1890 168,493; in 1900, 184,735. was GOVERNORS OF DELAWARE-Continued. ENGLISH COLONIAL. From 1664 up to 1682, under the government of New York; and from 1683 up to 1773, under the proprietary government of Pennsylvania. John McKinley.. Name. Nicholas Van Dyke.. Nathaniel Mitchell. John Clark. Jacob Stout.. Charles Polk. David Hazzard.. Charles Polk.. Cornelius P. Comegys. Joseph Maul... William Burton.. Grove Saulsbury. James Ponder. John P. Cochran... When Howe entered Philadelphia (September, 1777) the Americans still held control of the Delaware River below that city. On Mud Island, near the confluence of the Schuylkill and Delaware, was built Fort Mifflin. On the New Jersey shore, opposite, at Red Bank, was Fort Mercer, a strong redoubt, well furnished with heavy artillery. At Billingsport, on the same shore, 3 miles lower down, were extensive but unfinished works designed to guard some obstructions in the river there. Other formidable obstructions were placed in the river below forts Mifflin and Mercer, in the form of chevaux-de-frise-sunken crates of stones, with heavy spears of iron-pointed timber, to receive and pierce the bows of vessels. Henry Latimer John Vin ng.. Besides these, there were floating batteries Joshua Clayton. on the river. See MERCER, FORT; MIFFLIN, FORT. william T. Watson Name STATE. UNITED STATES SENATORS. Richard Bassett.. William Hill Wells. Samuel White 1638 to 1640 Date. 1789 to 1793 1789 "1793 1801 1798 1798 Thomas Francis Bayard.. 41st to 48th 1869 Eli Saulsbury. 42d 50th 1871 49th 56th 1885 George Gray... 1856 ing in detached bands, under separate sachems on the Delaware River. The Dutch traded with them as early as 1613, and held friendly relations with them; but in 1632 the Dutch settlement of Swan endael was destroyed by them. The Swedes found them peaceful when they 1864 "1867 settled on the Delaware. This family "1869 claim to have come from the west with 1859 to 1871 1867 66 1885 44 1895 "1889 the Minquas, to whom they became vas"1899 sals. They also claimed to be the source 1901 of all the Algonquians, and were styled "grandfathers." The Delawares comprised three powerful families (Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf), and were known as Minseys, or Munsees, and Delawares proper. The former occupied the northern part of New Jersey and a portion of Pennsylvania, and the latter inhabited lower New Jersey, the banks of the Delaware below Trenton, and the whole valley of Delaware, OR Delawarr, THOMAS WEST, 3D LORD; succeeded his father in 1602; appointed governor of Virginia in 1609; and arrived at Jamestown, June 9, 1610. He built two forts at the mouth of the James River, which he named Henry and Charles respectively, in honor of the King's sons. In 1611 he sailed for the West Indies, but was driven back by a the Schuylkill. After the conquest of storm and landed at the mouth of the Delaware River, from whence he sailed for England. In 1618 he embarked for Virginia and died on the voyage. New Netherland, the English kept up trade with the Delawares, and William Penn and his followers bought large tracts of land from them. They were parties Delaware Indians, an important fam- on the Indian side to the famous treaty ily of the Algonquian nation, also called with Penn. At that time the Indians Lenni-Lenapes, or men." When the within the limits of his domain were Europeans found them, they were dwell- estimated at 6,000 in number. The FIVE 66 NATIONS (q. v.) conquered the Delawares, of a treaty in 1787, a small band of Delaand called them "women" in contempt; wares returned to the Muskingum, the and when, at the middle of the eighteenth remainder being hostile. These fought century, the latter, dissatisfied with the interpretation of a treaty, refused to leave their land, the Five Nations haughtily ordered them to go. Territory, they now occupy the Cooweescoowee and Delaware districts; numbered 754 in 1900; are considered the traders and business men of the North American Indians; and still keep up their totemic distinction of Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf families. Wayne, and were parties to the treaty at Greenville in 1795. The scattered tribes in Ohio refused to join Tecumseh in the War of 1812, and in 1818 they ceded all Commingling with warlike tribes, the their lands to the United States, and setDelawares became warlike themselves, and tled on the White River, in Illinois, to developed great energy on the war-path. the number of 1,800, leaving a small They fought the Cherokees, and in 1773 remnant behind. They finally settled in some of them went over the mountains Kansas, where missions were established and settled in Ohio. As early as 1741 among them, and they rapidly increased the Moravians had begun missionary work in the arts of civilized life. In the Civil among them on the Lehigh, near Bethle- War, the Delawares furnished 170 soldiers hem and Nazareth, and a little church for the National army. Having acquired was soon filled with Indian converts. At land from the Cherokees in the Indian the beginning of the French and Indian War the Delawares were opposed to the English, excepting a portion who were led by the Moravians; but in treaties held at Easton, Pa., at different times, from 1756 until 1761, they made peace with the English, and redeemed themselves from their vassalage to the SIX NATIONS (q. v.). They settled on the Susquehanna, the Christian Indians apart. Then another emigration over the mountains occurred, and they planted a settlement at Muskingum, O. These joined Pontiac, and besieged Fort Pitt and other frontier posts, but were defeated in August, 1763, by Colonel Bouquet, and their great chief, Teedyuscung, was killed. Their towns were ravaged, and the Moravian converts, who were innocent, fled for refuge to Philadelphia. These returned to the Susquehanna in 1764, and the Ohio portion made peace at Muskingum the same year, and at Fort Pitt in 1765. The remainder in Pennsylvania emigrated to Ohio, and in 1786 not a Delaware was left east of the Alleghany Mountains. Moravian missionaries went with their flocks, and the Christian Indians increased. The pagans kept upon the war-path until they were severely smitten in a drawn battle at Point Pleasant, in 1774. Delaware River, WASHINGTON'S PASSAGE OF THE. At the close of November, 1776, the British occupied New Jersey, and only the Delaware River shut off Cornwallis from Philadelphia. On Dec. 2, Washington, with a considerable force, crossed the river, securing every boat so that the British were unable to follow him. Determined to surprise the Hessians, under Colonel Rahl, at Trenton, Washington recrossed the river a few miles above Trenton on Dec. 25, with 2,400 men and twenty pieces of artillery. Owing to the darkness and the floating ice it was 4 A.M. on the 26th before the entire force had crossed. General Knox, the constant companion of Washington throughout the war, had crossed the river before it became choked with ice, and during the night that Washington and his party recrossed it, Knox stood on the opposite shore, and by shouting indicated to Washington where a landing could be safely made. See TRENTON, BATTLE OF. The Delawares joined the English when Delmar, ALEXANDER, political econothe Revolutionary War broke out, but mist; born in New York, Aug. 9, 1836; made peace with the Americans in 1778, edited Daily American Times; Hunt's when a massacre of ninety of the Chris- Merchants' Magazine; Financial Chrontian Indians in Ohio by the Americans icle, etc., and published Gold Money and aroused the fury of the tribe. Being Paper Money; Treatise on Taxation; The almost powerless, they fled to the Huron National Banking System; History of River and Canada. Under the provisions Money and the Monetary System, etc. |