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ed to the studies of the poet.

When the gard to the oratorical powers of its inhabi

corbells, which usually represent some groeye of sense is shut on things around us, tants. tesque figure. Those at Roslin were, for the mental eye enjoys most perfect vision. On Monday noon we bade farewell to our the most part, heads. Among these the Winter has made bare and desert our woods friends in Glasgow, and set off on foot in a guide pointed out that of the abovementionand mountains, but we can sit by our even- shower of rain for Hamilton. On the road ed 'prentice, his master, and weeping mothing firesides and form conceptions of more we passed Bothwell bridge, where the Cove-er; and truly the old lady looked dolorous than natural beauty. No poet paints criti- nanters were defeated in Old Mortality. enough to authenticate the tradition. cally from nature; but the ideal world of It is a narrow stone edifice, with high bat- Among the variety of odd figures, I noticed poetry is not only peopled with its own tlements. Hamilton is about eleven miles one of a cherub playing on a bagpipe. children, but it is shadowed and beautified distant from Glasgow. On Wednesday we On the whole there were few particulars with its own woods and waters. Thus the walked to Lanark; our road lay along the here to interest one much, and the chapel poetic mind, gathering together whatever banks of the Clyde, which is here a beau- was different in that respect from Melrose ; is beautiful in natural scenery, embodies tiful river, and bordered by the most fertile but the general impression given by the into one more perfect whole the several col- country I have seen in Scotland. The day building was very agreeable. lected parts. The most striking features of was delightful, and we of course enjoyed different landscapes are taken, and the out-our walk more than usual. During a great line filled up by imagination. And thus in the barrenness of winter we have rich enjoyment in our own thoughts, and the sterile earth becomes green and fruitful in our conceptions, and blooms again in memory or in anticipation.

THE LAY MONK.

LETTERS FROM A TRAVELLER.
No. VIII.

MY DEAR FRIENDS,

Edinburgh, April 10, 18

Since my last, I have made another visit to St Mungo's city, which Bhad not yet seen. We sailed up the Forth to a small port near Falkirk, in a steamboat, which was small and mean in every respect, when compared with those of our own country. The morning was stormy, and we were confined to the cabin, and had no opportunity to enjoy the beauty of the scenery. From the landing we crossed over to the grand canal, where, as I have before mentioned, it passes Falkirk. We embarked here again in the canal boat and reached Glasgow in the evening. This last mode of travelling we found very agreeable; the boat was drawn by three horses, harnessed in a line and driven at the rate of six miles an hour. It contained a large cabin, handsomely fitted up and furnished with books, backgammon and chess boards, &c. &c. The canal is a noble work, deep and wide enough to admit the passage of vessels of small burthen; it passes, however, through a dreary tract of country, in the course of which I observed nothing which was connected with any interesting associations, except the village of Calder, which recalled the idea of a spirited Scotch air, called Calder Fair, strongly resembling our own national Yankee Doodle.

of them.

We next visited Roslin Castle, of which little remains, and that entirely in ruins. part of the morning, we were entertained Its situation is highly picturesque. There by the movements of a party on the opposite is a deep valley, or ravine, whose sides are side of the river, engaged in hunting; the are precipitous. The castle was built shouts of the hunters and their alternate partly on the declivity of one side, and comappearance and disappearance, as thickets municated with the opposite brow, by means or inequalities of ground occurred in the of a draw bridge. The bridge is now of course of the pursuit, attracted our atten- stone. At the bottom of the ravine, and tion and interested us so much, that it was round the foot of the castle, flows the Esk with great regret that we finally lost sight river, its banks bordered with the green holly and broom. The sun shone bright while we were there, and I have seldom beheld a more beautiful scene, than was presented by the Esk tumbling over the rocks in miniature cataracts before us, the frowning ruins above, and the green hills around. We remained here a long time, B gathering mosses, and I musing. We were formed for companions in a ramble; I sit or stand with perfect composure, while he picks mosses, and rarely fret, however long he may be thus employed; and though I only answer his appeals and inquiries respecting the beauties of a cryptogamous specimen, by a nod, or interjection of acquiescence, he is well satisfied, if I listen with patience; while on the other hand he never interrupts my meditations on the picturesque, to use Dr Syntax's expression, except by the appeals before mentioned, which go for nothing; so that if we happen to find a spot, where the cryptogamia thrive and the scenery is romantic, it is hard to determine how long we shall remain. Roslin was a position to win both our hearts, and its attractions prevented our reaching Edinburgh till sometime after dark.

In the afternoon we reached the falls of Clyde; these are three in number, of which Corra Linn is the most remarkable. Near the fall is a cave, which, for aught I know, may be the identical one, which sheltered Balfour, after the defeat at Bothwell. On a slight elevation of ground above this fall, is a summer-house, in the roof of which a large mirror is placed in an oblique direction, so as to reflect the appearance of the Linn. To a spectator, standing in this summer-house, with his back to the river, and looking up to the roof, the water seems to be tumbling down directly on his head. Though water-falls are no great curiosities to an American, it is agreeable enough to see one without a saw-mill and slabs.

At Lanark are the famous cotton mills of Owen, of which you have probably seen more particular accounts, than I have either time or patience to give you. The distance from Lanark to Edinburgh is thirty-two miles, which we easily accomplished the next day in eight hours and a half. The country was uninteresting, and there was nothing to interrupt our progress.

Last Sunday I attended the service at Last week I went with B to Roslin, the High Church, and had the pleasure which is but a short distance from this of seeing the Lord Provost and the Baillies city-about seven miles. The Chapel is in their velvet and ermine, as well as the one of the most perfect remains of antiqui-judges, or Lords of Session, in their threety in Scotland, and a beautiful specimen of tailed wigs. The former occupied the front Gothic architecture. One of the pillars is seat of the gallery, on one side of the The day after our arrival at Glasgow exquisitely carved. It is called the 'Pren-church, and the latter a similar situation, on was Saturday, which we employed in seeing tice's Pillar, from a tradition, that while the the other. When they were all in order, a few lions, and on Sunday heard a sermon master builder was at Rome, for the pur- they discharged a volley of low bows at from the Rev. Dr Chalmers. His perform-pose of learning the method of executing each other across the interval. When the ance did little towards altering the opinion this kind of work, one of his apprentices preacher had ended, he let off a bow at each I have already expressed respecting Scotch finished it from a design, which he happened party, who rose, returned the fire and marcheloquence. His voice was bad, and his pro- to see; for which good deed his master, on ed off under convoy of the city guard, who, nunciation occasionally vulgar; he some- his return, beat out his brains with a ham- if one might judge from their costume and times spoke in a low tone, and some- mer. A similar story was related to us of appearance, might have served under the times screamed and beat the pulpit cushion, some part of Melrose abbey, and possibly gracious king Duncan. but all in vain as far as my feelings were the legend is common to many old churches. concerned. And having thus heard their The clustered arches of the roof, in these most celebrated pulpit orator, I shall ancient buildings, spring either from pilleave Scotland an obstinate heretic, in re-lars, or projections from the walls, called

About a mile or more from Edinburgh, is a beautiful spot, which is said to be the scene of Allan Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd. It is a green valley, completely embosomed

378

among the Pentland hills, through the
whole length of which meanders a gentle
rivulet, shooting across from side to side,
as it meets with obstacles to its direct
course; the source of the brook is a clear
pool, supplied by a stream, which, descend-
ing from the hills, falls over a precipitous
bank about fifteen feet in height. This
I suppose to be

"Habie's how,
Where a' that's sweet in spring and simmer grow;
Between twa birks, out o'er a little lin
The water fa's and makes a singan din;
A pool, breast deep, beneath, as clear as glass,
Kisses with easy whirls the bordering grass.”

society, and kept no journal. I have delay- clapped the helm down, brought her up once
ed writing from time to time, till my obser- more to the wind, and we shot close in to
vations of small matters have glided out of the rocks. "Hard a lee! fore sheet, fore
mind, and I have omitted many things, and top-bowline!" roared the old fellow; but we
might as well perhaps have omitted more, should have heard him, if he had spoken
with which a letter might be filled, because in a whisper. We hardly moved a muscle
they are to be found elsewhere. I shall re- while she was rounding to; and every man
turn with a feeling, common perhaps to drew a long breath as the flutter of the
every traveller, that the country he has fore-topsail ended in a flap against the top-
visited has much to recommend it, but mast, and, swelling out on each side of it,
that the one to which he is returning, has showed us that it was fairly backed.
more. Great Britain is doubtless a great
and happy nation-but I am persuaded that
the United States, or, at least, that portion
of them with which I am acquainted, con-
tains, on the whole, a happier, and I hope
will one day contain, a greater people.
Farewell.

LETTER IX.

Quebec, June 2, 18-.

Book-making, in this realm, seems to be as much a trade as cabinet or chair making. Books are poured out from the press on all subjects, of all shapes, and of all sizes, and some of them superlatively ridiculous. I have seen one, which contained nothing but the inscriptions on seals. Not remarkable ones, but such as you see every My DEAR FRIENDS, day, as "All's well," "Forget me not," Though at last safely landed on the &c.; but the most ludicrous thing of this right side of the Atlantic, some time must kind, that I have met with, is a book, en-yet elapse before I can have the pleasure of titled "Neck-clothiana," or "Tyetana," meeting you. I send this letter in the mean consisting of descriptions of the various time, as a kind of sop for your impatience. methods of tying on a cravat, illustrated You will perceive by its contents, that I by plates; there was the Napoleon tye, have not passed the great water again withthe American tye, the Osbaldistone tye, and out adventure or peril. the horse-collar, with many others equally nonsensical.

I have lately seen two persons of note, Henry Mackenzie, the author of the Man of Feeling, La Roche, &c., and Sir Walter Scott. The former is now an old man, and not remarkable in his appearance. He is rather thin, which is proper enough for a Man of Feeling. Scott is an elderly, thoughtful looking man, his hair between sandy and grey, and did not look at all as I expected. The place where I saw him, and the office, that of clerk of a court, was rather unfavourable for poetic effect, to be sure; bundles of papers, briefs, writs, black gowns, tailed wigs, a row of judges in antique (I had like to have written it antic) dresses, barbarous law jargon, and the statue of Lord Mansfield, are as far from poetry "as from the centre to the utmost pole.'

This was a foretaste of the manner in which we were likely to be navigated across the ocean. The following morning we left the Forth with a fair wind. Our course was north-about, as it is called, and in a few days we passed through the Pentland Frith, and by John o' Groat's house, and, steering west, lost sight of land on the great Atlantic ocean. We soon began to be aware, that both captain and mate were grossly igno rant of navigation, and that a hint now and then from myself and fellow-passenger were likely to be useful. The latter, a Mr Carr, had been formerly a clerk in some establishment at Jamaica, and had several times passed the Atlantic; while I, as you know, have had opportunities of picking up a little knowledge in this way. Most American cap tains, confident in their knowledge and experience would have cut us very short, had we presumed to interfere with their management; but Sawney knew better things. He had the grace, at least, to know that he was ignorant of many matters, that it was his duty to know; and "I dare say you're right," was his usual reply to our exposi tions. On one occasion, he was in much trouble about the great disagreement between his dead reckoning and the latitude by observation, till we suggested to him, that there was such a thing as variation of the compass, and that this was different in different parts of the globe-"I dare say you're right," he replied, and what was more to the purpose, he became sure of it, when he made the due allowance for the said variation, as laid down in his chart. The mate assured me, that he believed the brig was unlucky, since he had never made a voyage in her without meeting with some accident. In the course of the passage, which was long and tedious, I derived considerable amusement from my protegés in the steerage. They were a simple race; most of them, having resided all their lives in an inland village, had never seen the mast of a ship, till their arrival at Leith; every thing was matter of amazement, from the beasts (whales) that raised a reek (smoke) to the bubbles (Portuguese man of war) that floated by us. We had frequent occasion to lay to, during strong head gales; and when they inquired into the reason of this cessation of the ship's progress, a waggish sailor informed them, that the object was to afford the vessel some rest. On this subject, they entertained different opinions; most of them thought it unreasonable thus to delay in the middle of the ocean; but some of the women compassionately exclaimed, "Poor thing, she must be a-weary." They were generally able to read, and, on the whole, were

One fine afternoon, on the 15th of April, I set sail from Leith, in a pretty brig of about two hundred tons. My fellow-passengers in the cabin, were an intelligent emigrant from Northumberland and a stupid Scotch lad. In the steerage was a company of about one hundred Scotch and English emigrants, to which I had the honour of acting as physician, surgeon, &c. As we beat slowly down the Forth, against a light easterly breeze, and Arthur's seat retired from our view, a feeling of melancholy predominated in my mind. I can easily conceive of the strong attachment which an Edinburgher feels for his native city; there is something in picturesque scenery and situation which takes a strong hold on the affections, and though, with the exception of B and a few others of my countrymen, there is hardly an individual in Edinburgh about whom I care a groat; yet I believe I shall never think of the gude town again without a queer kind of feeling about the heart. In an hour or two we arrived off Wemyss, in the county of Fife; here the captain left us to the care of his mate, with directions to lay off and on, till he should rejoin us. While the conversation was going on between them, the vessel was running in shore, and as the boat pushed off, the mate, a young man about twenty, attempted to put her about, but, to his great consternation, she missed stays. He immediately began to wear ship, an operation which, with so little sea-room as we In a few days I shall sail for Quebec, and then had, would have probably been the last take my leave of this beautiful city. You which the good brig Percival would have will think that a residence of six months undertaken for some months. The captain, ought to have afforded more matter worthy in his boat, stood aghast at a manoeuvre of being related, than is contained in the which threatened such a speedy termination few letters I have written. But my atten- to his voyage. Luckily, the want of discition has been much occupied by profession-pline was, in this instance, of service to us; al pursuits, I have gone very little into an old seaman ran to the quarter deck,

Though the dress of the judges is somewhat grotesque, it looks very rich, being of scarlet cloth and white satin. The lawyers wear gowns and three tailed-wigs, which give them the air of so many monkeys. The mode of proceeding differs from that of our own, or the English courts. The juries consist of fifteen, insteadof twelve, and a plurality of voices, is sufficient to condemn or acquit. The witnesses are sworn by the judges, and not by the clerk as in our courts. The former seems to me the better practice.

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peaceable and contented,-amusing themselves, in fine weather, with books or singing. A party of them would often take their seats on the quarter-deck on a moonlight evening, and sing their national songs with great effect.

As we approached the Banks, we passed near several islands of ice; the appearance of these objects in the sunshine has often been described; but no description can do justice to its sublimity and beauty; I shall certainly not attempt one.

About five weeks from the time of our departure, we made Newfoundland, and a few days after, came near being wrecked on its south-west point. We were running directly before the wind, with a smart gale and reefed topsails, in a thick fog, when we were startled by the white foam of breakers ahead. You may judge of the comfortable nature of our situation-it required nearly two days hard beating to obtain a tolerable offing; but we did obtain it, and soon after a fair wind, which soon carried us through the bay and into the noble river St Lawrence. In ascending the river, we had one more escape, but I will spare you the particulars of it, since it was an escape. We ran up the river at last, with a noble breeze, and without a pilot, and anchored safely opposite point Levi. Our passengers were mightily amazed at the number of churches which appeared on the banks of the river, as we approached the city, as they had been informed there was no religion in America. The following day, we came up to the quay, and I took my leave, with some regret, of my fellow-passengers, who had nearly all, at different times, been under my care, during a passage of more than forty days; and, I flatter myself, the regret was mutual. Fortunately we lost none during the passage, but, on the contrary, added one, a sea-born "wee lady," to our complement. Of Quebec, you have read much, and I will tell you more when I see you. Farewell.

POETRY.

A SONG OF SAVOY.

As the dim twilight shrouds
The mountain's purple crest,
And summer's white and folded clouds

Are glowing in the west,
Loud shouts come up the rocky dell,
And voices hail the evening bell.

Faint is the goatherd's song,

And sighing comes the breeze:
The silent river sweeps along
Amid its bending trees,

And the full moon shines faintly there,
And music fills the evening air.

Beneath the waving firs

The tinkling cymbals sound;

And as the wind the foliage stirs,

I see the dancers bound

Where the green branches, arched above, Bend over this fair scene of love.

And he is there, that sought

My young heart long ago!

But he has left me,-though I thought
He ne'er could leave me so.

Ah! lovers' vows,-how frail are they!And his-were made but yesterday.

Why comes he not? I call

In tears upon him yet;-
'Twere better ne'er to love at all,

Than love, and then forget!
Why comes he not? Alas! I should
Reclaim him still, if weeping could.

But see, he leaves the glade,
And beckons me away:
He comes to seek his mountain maid!-
I cannot chide his stay.
Glad sounds along the valley swell,
And voices hail the evening bell.

H. W. L

ΤΟ ΠΝΕΥΜΑ.
Tempests their furious course may sweep
Swiftly o'er the troubled deep,
Darkness may lend her gloomy aid,
And wrap the groaning world in shade;
But man can show a darker hour,
And bend beneath a stronger power,-
There is a tempest of the SOUL,
A gloom where wilder billows roll!

The howling wilderness may spread
Its pathless deserts parched and dread,
Where not a blade of herbage blooms,
Nor yields the breeze its soft perfumes;
Where silence, death, and horror reign,
Unchecked, across the wide domain ;-
There is a desert of the MIND,
More hopeless, dreary, undefined.

There Sorrow, moody Discontent,
And gnawing Care are wildly blent,
There Horror hangs her darkest clouds,
And the whole scene in gloom enshrouds ;
A sickly ray is cast around,
Where nought but dreariness is found;
A feeling that may not be told,
Dark, rending, lonely, drear, and cold.

The wildest ills that darken life
Are rapture to the bosom's strife;
The tempest in its blackest form
Is beauty to the bosom's storm;
The ocean lashed to fury loud,
Its high wave mingling with the cloud,
Is peaceful, sweet serenity

To passion's dark and boundless sea!

There sleeps no calm,-there smiles no rest,
When storms are warring in the breast;
There is no moment of repose
In bosoms lashed by hidden woes;
The scorpion sting the fury rears,
And every trembling fibre tears;
The vulture preys with bloody beak
Upon the heart that can but break!

ON ****

E

-N.

She was happy once, but the hours have flown
When happiness gladdened her eye,—
And the hue of her fairest hopes has gone,
Like a dream that has long passed by:

Her cheek, once glowing in youth's bright bloom,
And joy's glad smile disclosing,

Now mocks in its paleness the lonely tomb,
Where her form is serenely reposing.

For that form has found in the grave repose,-
And the night-breeze oft sighs o'er it,
As it lays like a blighted and withered rose,
By the side of the stem that bore it.

Oh there was a hand that could once sustain
That rose through each storm of sorrow;
Had that hand been true,-it might yet remain
To rejoice in the beams of to-morrow.

But her heart was seared by a soul untrue, And torn from each hope in its springing,Like the ivy that 's rent from the friendly yew To which all its tendrils were clinging.

Oh blest be the spot, where her head lies low,
And the willows that o'er it are weeping;
Long, long shall the traveller's tears, as they flow,
Wet the turf where her ashes are sleeping.

But her spirit is gone to a brighter sphere,
Where rest to the weary is given;
And the tears that moistened her path while here,
Are dried in the smiles of Heaven!
HENRY.

SONNET.

Sweet are the flowers that morning's light displays,
And sweet the fragrance of the early dews;
But soon shall fade the lustre of their rays,
And evening's hour shall weep their vanished hues,
Fair is the day, without a cloud the sky,
No speck obscures its azure vault serene,-
Hark! 't is the tempest roars its terrors high,
Rolling its darkness o'er the lovely scene.
And such this earthly course; in youth's gay morn,
Hope spreads her sail, and pleasure sooths the ear;
Till sorrow rends the soul, and biting scorn;
Hope fades and leaves us nothing but a tear;
There is no hope below, nor joy, nor peace,-
Go seek them in the realms of heavenly bliss.

INTELLIGENCE.

ORIENTAL COMPLIMENTARY STYLE. Mahomed Ismael Khan, of Chiraz, who is now at Paris, was there admitted a member of the Asiatic Society. In his letter to M. de Tassy, the Secretary, accepting the appointment, a translation of which from the Persian is published, he acknowledges the honour in the following terms: "I write these words in order to announce to your benevolent mind, and to make known to your good and enlightened heart, that, having had the advantage and honor of seeing arrive at the most fortunate time, and at a most propitious hour, the message marked with the signs of your friendship, the drops of the cloud of favours of the elevated being who inhabits the garden of hope, have so refreshed and watered your sincere friend that in the middle of Autumn, the new formed bud of a delighted smile has opened into full bloom on the rose tree of his thoughts." He closes the letter by wishing "may your honorable society be ever flourishing, and may its lofty shade last for ever! Yes, I trust so long as the radiant monarch of nature continues to rise in the east, and to gild your horizon, your literary assembly being always enlightened by the luminous rays of information and knowledge, those who shall enjoy the advantage of being seated at this banquet of true instruction, will forever shine at the very summit of the orb of science."

DISCOVERY OF VACCINATION.

In an annual British periodical work entitled "Time's Telescope" of which the twelfth volume was issued at the commencement of the present year, is recorded the death of Mr John Fewster," a very respectable surgeon and apothecary at Thornbury. This

gentleman is universally considered in that neighbourhood as the first person who noticed the effects of the Vaccine Virus. Many years past a Medical Club was established at Thornbury, where gentlemen of that profession met each other, and communicated any fact or observation that had occurred in the course of their practice. At one of these meetings Mr Fewster mentioned to the members

present, that the hands of those persons that were employed in milking the cows, in that great dairy neighbourhood, contracted a complaint from the animal, appearing in the form of pustules, and that persons so affected were not liable to the contagion of Small Pox. Mr Jenner of Berkely, a brother Esculapius, being struck with the relation, requested Mr Fewster to investigate this curious fact more narrowly by a course of experiments; this Mr Fewster declined on account of professional occupations, but pressed Mr Jenner to do so. Fortunately for mankind, the advice was not neglected; and from the skill and perseverance of this gentleman (afterwards Dr Jenner) the blessings of the Vaccine Virus were distributed through the earth."

IRON RAIL ROADS AND THE STEAM COACH.

of France or Britain at this day. It is the air escape, the room is shortly filled pleasing indeed to think that at the moment with an air unfit for respiration. Persons when the gigantic republics of the new experience a sense of suffocation by breathworld are starting into existence, the inven- ing it freely. The stoppage of the apertive genius of man is creating new moral tures, or the combustion of this air, renders and mechanical powers to cement and bind the atmosphere of the room salubrious. their vast and distant members together, On filling the stove with this air, and reand to give the human race the benefits of kindling it, it is so mixed with atmospheric a more extended and perfect civilization. air, as to cause a slight explosion, sufficient to force open the doors of the stove, and stove and apertures, there collects a beauthen burns steadily. On the sides of the tiful oily lamp-black.

ECONOMICAL APPLICATION OF NATURAL CAR

BURETTED HYDROGEN GAS.

The Ontario Freeman (N. Y.) gives a curious account of the application of this gas, as spontaneously produced, to the usual purposes of fuel, in the house of Mr Allen Loomis of Middlesex.

"On a declivity west of a hill, about three miles east of the east margin of the Canandaigua Lake, and 12 miles distant from this village, for several years past, places on the farm have been noticed from whence emanated an exhalation, which, on the application of a lighted torch, suddenly took fire, and continued to burn for some length of time. These spots, marked by a want vegetation, and a blackness on the surface of the earth, are comprised within an area of four acres. Between this site and the lake, there are some other places of a similar appearance. When this land was first cleared, about 30 years ago, it resembled a quagmire, and since its improvement and exposure to the sun, the earth has become more compact. The surface is a light mould, and under that rests a bluish clay, to the depth of seven or eight inches.

This natural curiosity, thus improved and managed by art, excites the attention of people, and the number of visitants is so great as to interrupt the ordinary domestic concerns of the family. Therefore, for self-protection, they have commenced tavern-keeping. The novelty of warming and lighting this house, and the mode of cooking practiced, induce the learned and the unlearned, idle and curious, beaux and belles to visit this place of resort. Perhaps not. more than one twentieth part of the air capable of being collected and applied to use, is concentrated by this rude apparatus."

STEAM ENGINES.

a careful examination, the various circumThe French Institute have subjected to stances connected with the explosion of steam boilers, and an ordinance of the king, founded most probably upon the conclusions of the Academy, decrees: 1st. That no high pressure engine shall be established without a license. 2d. That every proprietor shall declare before the proper authority, the degree of pressure with which his machine is intended habitually to act. 3d. That no high pressure engine shall be erected without having its strength previously determined by the hydraulic press; that every boiler shall be able to sustain five times the force under which it is to act; that the intended pressure shall be stamped upon it; and that no boiler shall be erected until it receive this stamp. 4th. That two safety valves shall be adapted to each boiler, so large that either of them can disenBy the side of the house is raised anoth-gage the steam with sufficient rapidity, one of them to be at the disposal of the fireman, and the other covered with a grating, locked, and the key kept by the proprietor. 5th. That two round plates shall be inclosed in the boiler, one of which to be at least equal in diameter to the safety valve, and to be composed of a mixture of metals which will

When the steam coach is brought fully into use, practice will teach us many things respecting it, of which theory leaves us ignorant. With the facilities for rapid motion which it will afford, however, we think we are not too sanguine, in expecting to see the pres.ent extreme rate of travelling doubled. It is impossible to anticipate the effects of such In one of these places, whence inflaman extraordinary facility of communication mable air issues, the proprietors have sunk when generally introduced. The Ameri- a well of the depth of about eight feet. The cans with their characteristic ardor for im-air constantly rises through water at the provements, are now collecting information bottom of it, and has been confined at top about rail-ways and locomotive machines in by planks and earth. In the centre of these England; and to them these inventions will planks has been fitted a section of a hollow prove of inestimable value. Some persons tree, to the height of three or four feet, and doubt, for instance, whether it is possible secured in such a manner as to form a pent to keep so vast a territory as theirs under stock. From this pent stock the air has one government. But it is forgotten, that been conducted in pump logs, of one and a extent of territory is a bar to political un-half inch calibre, to the house, distant ion, only as it renders communication slow twenty-seven rods. and difficult; and with the rapid and easy means of intercourse which the rail-way er pent stock, and into its side at the height affords, New York, New Orleans, and Columbia river, though distant respectively from 2 to 3000 miles, will be politically and morally nearer to one another than London and Edinburgh were a century ago. Free governments in ancient times were neces

of about six feet, is inserted the muzzle of
a gun barrel. This gun barrel conveys the
gas two or three feet into his kitchen, and
through the proper aperture in the side of
the barrel there issues a stream of air, when
burning, to produce a flame of fourteen

sarily small, because they depended on un-inches in height. On removing the wood-melt or soften at a temperature of 10° cen

ion of sentiment in the mass of the people; and one citizen would not then know the opinion of another at thirty miles' distance. But the post, the press, and the stage coach have made it easier to unite twenty millions of men in a common cause, in our days, than it was to unite the fiftieth part of the number in the days of Philip of Macedon. And with the means of communication we are likely soon to possess, we think the one hundred and fifty millions who will inhabit North America next century, will be more completely one people, than the inhabitants

en breech pin, the flame issues from the
end thereof, and rises about four feet before
the combustion is complete. The logs are
continued under the house, and from them
another gun barrel of three-fourth inch
calibre, conducts it into a culinary stove
through its bottom plate. On lighting this
current of air, diffused by a tin, perforated
in the shape of an inverted cullender bot-
tom, sufficient heat is created to warm a
stove for the purposes of baking and cook-
ing.

On extinguishing the flame, and letting |

tigrade, above that of the boiler; the other of double the diameter, inserted near the locked valve, and of such a composition as to soften at 20° centigrade, above the heat of the boiler. These plugs to be stamped with the degree at which they are fusible.

CAMBRIDGE:

PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS,

BY

HILLIARD AND METCALF.

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