adapted to these festivals. It is true, bottled near-beer is sold in the building, but every other spiritous liquor is forbidden, and the majority of the people have accustomed themselves not to drink any intoxicating liquors. So we can see a new spirit gradually getting a foothold in the national consciousness. On August 23, 1909, the eightieth birthday of the founder of the society, one of the prettiest celebrations, was held here. On this occasion more than 4000 children gathered in festal array on the playground and did homage to the founder of the society.

Thus the forest park of the Society for the Commonweal in Dresden represents a grand and successful experiment to organize the recreation of the children of the masses on a firm, cheerful basis and to reform popular amusements as a whole. In 1906, the society published a well-illustrated report of its work, under the title: Volkswolfahrt und Volksgeselligkeit nach den Erfahrungen des Dresdner Vereins Volkswohl. This was published by A. V Böhmert, Dresden.

BOOK DEPARTMENT

NOTES

Abbott, Edith. Women in Industry. Pp. xxii, 408. Price, $2.00. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1909.

The title is misleading, for the book deals not with women in industry, but with the history of the industrial activity of women in the United States. No attempt whatever is made to discuss the present problems connected with women in industry. There is no reference to legislation, nor to the conditions under which women work. The book, however, is exceedingly valuable in establishing beyond question two important points and replacing two threadbare theories. In the first place, the author proves that men alone were not the first in the factory system in the United States, for, in the earliest factories, women employees played a leading part. In the second place, she shows that women have played an exceedingly important part in industry from the beginning of the nineteenth century, and, therefore, the general statement that women have been coming into industry only recently is unfounded. The book is ably written, with copious references to source material, and presents in a forceful manner a new view of the historical significance of women in industry.

Abbott, F. F. Society and Politics in Ancient Rome. Pp. x, 267. Price, $1.25. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909.

A collection of essays on various phases of Roman social life. Excellent from a literary standpoint and illustrative of social conditions and public questions in Rome. Should be particularly interesting to any student of the classics.

Aveling, H. F., and others. The History Sheet or Case-Paper System. Pp. xii, 167. Price, 2s. London: P. S. King & Son, 1909.

The History Sheet or Case-Paper System is a little book containing five papers read at Poor Law Conferences in 1903, 1904 and 1907, with an introduction by Sir William Chance and a few appendices. The subject, which may not be obvious to a casual American reader of the title, is the advantage of keeping records of applicants for relief in such a way as to have the history of each one accessible to the relieving officer.

It appears that the usual method consists in merely entering applications in a book in chronological order, and "when this book is not indexed it depends entirely upon the memory of the relieving officer how much of the applicant's past history is brought before the guardians. When a new relieving officer succeeds to the work, the cases to him are all new."

The argument for the superiority of a method by which a continuous

record is kept of each applicant and his family is necessarily elementary. The most interesting features of the book are the apparent absence of all difficulty in distinguishing between the "deserving" and "undeserving" poor; the citation of stories with quite a different application from the one which seems to us most patent; and the disposition to see, in evidences that pauperism is "hereditary," merely an interesting historical fact rather than a commentary on the way in which the fathers and grandfathers of the present generation of "paupers" have been treated.

Barnett, G. E. The Printers-A Study in American Trade Unionism. Pp. vii, 387. Price, $1.50. Cambridge, Mass.: American Economic Association, 1909.

This is a work of unusual interest. In the words of the author, it aims "to give a complete description of an American trade union." It is a study in connected form of the history, the structure, the activities, and the policy of the American typographical unions-in effect-of the International Typographical Union. A fair, impartial, and restrained mode of treatment characterizes the whole book-the author has been content to describe, he skilfully avoids even the appearance of bias or interpretation. The technique of the trade has been dealt with in an admirable manner, and he has eluded for himself and his readers most of those pitfalls which lie in the technical terms of the quasi-mechanical printing trade.

The historical method has been followed, with free and full quotation from official papers and from hitherto unpublished records of the International Union. The work divides itself naturally into three partsHistory and Government, Insurance and Trade Regulations, The Enforcement of Trade Regulations. The greatest interest centers easily about the trade regulations and the various means and policies adopted from time to time with a view to enforcing them. He fully describes the truly remarkable way in which labor-saving devices and machines have been introduced into the trade and assimilated without seriously disorganizing it. In that chapter in which he has dealt with the problem of irregularity of employment, the cohesive power and fraternal spirit of the union is seen at its best. To the work is appended a fairly complete bibliography, some copies of the minutes of early organizations, and a tabulation of the number and membership of the local unions of the International from 1853 to the present time.

Bellom, M. Les Lois d'Assurance Ouvrière à l'Etranger. Pp. 588. Price, 15f. Paris: A. Rousseau, 1909.

The book contains a compilation of European laws relating to sickness, accidents and invalidity. Extracts are given together with the latest amendments to the laws of Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Belgium, Russia, Spain, Italy and Switzerland. The book should prove of value to students of insurance legislation. Biggle, J. Biggle Garden Book. Pp. 184. Price, 50 cents. Philadelphia: W. Atkinson Company.

Bryce, James.

The Hindrances to Good Citizenship. Pp. 138. Price, $1.15.

New Haven: Yale University Press, 1909.

Indolence explains our large "stay-at-home vote." It is the most common failing of the American elector. Less widely felt is the influence of selfish personal interest, most men easily convince themselves that what is for their interest is for the public interest-hence the protective tariff, corruption in public contracts and the corrupt use of money in elections. The influence of personal advantage is the most corrupting in present-day politics. It is a problem that becomes of increasing importance as the wealth of nations increases, especially where increased wealth tends to bring with it an increase of class distinctions. The surest way to better political conditions is to educate the electors to a greater civic interest. There are also mechanical changes which can be of help, such as proportional representation, the initiative and referendum and laws regulating lobbying, the primaries and the elections. Yet it is from the heart and will of the citizen that all real and lasting improvements must proceed. All that Mr. Bryce writes is forceful and clear. These four lectures will be highly appreciated by all who sympathize with his judicial but still optimistic viewpoint.

Cabot, R. C. Social Service and the Art of Healing. Pp. ix, 192. Price, $1.00. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co., 1909

This admirable little volume is written "to exemplify three forms of team work," i. e., the team work of doctor and social worker, of doctor and patient, and of doctor and the educator, the psychologist, the minister and the philanthropist. It describes the changes whereby medical, social and educational work are being drawn together for the good of the community. The doctor must become an educator. "Public health and the extermination of disease, that most fruitful cause of poverty, of misery, and of crime, are the ideals for which doctors and social workers are joining hands today." Vice, ignorance, overcrowding, sweatshops and poverty give the key to much of the sickness; on the other hand, poor nutrition, physical defects, alcoholism, tuberculosis and accidents give to the social worker the reason for much of the poverty, shiftlessness, vice and crime with which he must cope. Team work is necesary. The educator is realizing that he cannot cope with his problems alone. To neutralize the evils of a compulsory school requirement, the authorities are compelled to provide physical tests, school nurses, and medical attendance. Again, team work is required.

Dr. Cabot, at a recent conference on social service in the hospitals, held in New York, declared that at least two-fifths of the patients treated at the hospital and the hospital dispensary need more than mere medical or surgical care. This is the reason that eight trained social workers have been added to the staff of the Massachusetts General Hospital, in which Dr. Cabot is an assistant visiting physician.

Carpenter, C. W. Profit-Making in Shop and Factory Management. Pp. 146. New York: Engineering Magazine.

Persons in a position to know whereof they speak are quite sure that there

is astonishing disorganization in manufacturing industry. Several books have been lately written telling how this disorganization may be eradicated and replaced by order and method. Of this class is this book by Mr. Carpenter, present president of the Herring, Hall, Marvin Safe Company, and late president of the National Cash Register Company, which has been noted throughout the country as an exponent of excellent treatment of its employees. The book describes the actual methods which he has put into operation.

Carson, W. E.

Mexico. Pp. xi, 439. Price, $2.25. New York: Mac

millan Company, 1909.

Cohen, J. E. Socialism for Students. Pp. 153. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company, 1910.

In spite of occasional dogmatic assertions and misstatements of the "other side," this little book is a clear and serviceable presentation of socialism for non-socialists.

Colby, F. M. (Ed.). International Year Book. Pp. 776. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1909

The new International Year Book's compendium of the world's progress for the year 1908, was issued early in 1909, and brings down to date a large number of subjects. The list of contributors is large, and the treatment of many questions in which there is rapid progress seems to be thoroughly up to date and of such a character as to make the book very desirable for any well equipped library.

Curtin, J. A. A Journey in Southern Siberia. Price, $3.00. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1909.

Davenport, E. Education for Efficiency. Pp. v, 184. Price, $1.00. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co., 1909.

In this little volume the author enthusiastically advocates universal education in its literal sense. But if education becomes truly universal, objectors argue, the washerwoman's daughter will not return to the tub, nor the ditcher's son to the ditch; we will have an army of officers, but no privates to do the fighting. The author answers this argument by showing that education of the right sort does not educate away from industry and the common walks of life. Merely admitting the "masses" to school does not constitute universal education, the schools must be actively fitted and adapted to the "masses."

Having demonstrated that industrial or vocational education is necessary, the author throws the whole weight of his influence against the establishment of separate industrial schools. Such schools train the operative rather than educate the citizen; they lose in breadth more than they gain in directness. But if the high schools delay longer in adding industrial courses, the industrial people will secede, and separate trade schools will be established to the permanent detriment of our system. The latter part of the book show how agriculture, at least, may make its way into existing schools without detriment to other courses, but vastly to their advantage.