3. It is your place to obey, not to command'.

4. Though by that course he should not destroy his reputation', he will lose all self-respect'.

Exception 2.-The names of persons addressed in a formal speech, or when used emphatically, have the falling inflection.

EXAMPLES.

etc.

1. Romans, countrymen, and lovers', hear me for my cause,

2. Gentlemen of the jury, I solicit your attention, etc. 3. O Hubert, Hubert', save me from these men.

RULE V.-Negative sentences and parts of sentences, usually require the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. It is not by starts of application that eminence can be attained'.

2. It was not an eclipse that caused the darkness at the crucifixion of our Lord'; for the sun and moon were not relatively in a position to produce an eclipse'.

3. They are not fighting': do not disturb them: this man is not expiring with agony': that man is not dead': they are only pausing.

4. My Lord, we could not have had such designs'.

5. You are not left alone to climb the steep ascent': God is with you, who never suffers the spirit that rests on him to fail.

Exception 1.-Emphasis may reverse this rule.

EXAMPLE.

We repeat it, we do not desire to produce discord; we do not wish to kindle the flames of a civil war.

Exception 2.-General propositions and commands usually have the falling inflection.

EXAMPLES.

God is not the author of sin. Thou shalt not kill'.

RULE VI.-Interrogative sentences, and members of sentences which can be answered by yes or no, generally require the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation'?

2. Does the gentleman suppose it is in his power', to exhibit in Carolina a name so bright as to produce envy' in my bosom?

3. If it be admitted, that strict integrity is not the shortest way to success, is it not the surest', the happiest', the best'? 4. Is there not rain enough in the sweet heavens, To wash this crimson hand as white as snow?

Exception.-Emphasis may reverse this rule.

EXAMPLES.

1. Can you be so blind to your interest? Will you rush headlong to destruction?

2. I ask again, is there no hope of reconciliation? Must we abandon all our fond anticipations?

3. Will you deny it? Will you deny it?

4. Am I Dromio'? Am I your man'? Am I myself?

RULE VII.-Interrogative exclamations, and words repeated as a kind of echo to the thought, require the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. Where grows', where grows it not'?

2. What'! Might Rome have been taken'? Rome taken when I was consul'?

3. Banished from Rome'! Tried and convicted traitor'!

4. Prince Henry. What's the matter?

Falstaff. What's the matter? Here be four of us have taken a thousand pounds this morning.

Prince H. Where is it, Jack, where is it?

Fal. Where is it?

Taken from us, it is.

5. Ha! laughest thou, Lochiel, my vision to scorn?

6. And this man is called a statesman. A statesman'? Why, he never invented a decent humbug.

7. I can not say, sir, which of these motives influence the advocates of the bill before us; a bill', in which such cruelties are proposed as are yet unknown among the most savage nations.

RISING AND FALLING INFLECTIONS.

RULE VIII.-Words and members of a sentence expressing antithesis or contrast, require opposite inflections.

EXAMPLES.

1. By honor and dishonor; by evil' report and good report; as deceivers' and yet true'.

2. What they know by reading', I know by experience'. 3. I could honor thy courage', but I detest thy crimes'. 4. It is easier to forgive the weak', who have injured us', than the powerful' whom we have injured.

5. Homer was the greater genius', Virgil the better artist`. 6. The style of Dryden is capricious and varied'; that of Pope is cautious and uniform'. Dryden obeys the emotions of his own mind'; Pope constrains his mind to his own rules of composition.` Dryden is sometimes vehement and rapid'; Pope is always smooth, uniform, and gentle. Dryden's page is a natural field, rising into inequalities, varied by exuberant vegetation'; Pope's is a velvet lawn, shaven by the scythe and leveled by the roller'.

7. If the flights of Dryden are higher', Pope continues longer on the wing'. If the blaze of Dryden's fire is brighter', the heat of Pope's is more regular and constant`. Dryden often surpasses' expectation, and Pope never falls below it.

REMARK 1.-Words and members connected by or used disjunctively, generally express contrast or antithesis, and always receive opposite inflections.

EXAMPLES.

1. Shall we advance', or retreat`?

2. Do you seek wealth', or power`?

3. Is the great chain upheld by God', or thee?

4. Shall we return to our allegiance while we may do so with safety and honor', or shall we wait until the ax of the executioner is at our throats?

5. Shall we crown' the author of these public calamities with garlands, or shall we wrest from him his ill-deserved authority'?

REMARK 2.-When the antithesis is between affirmation and negation, the latter usually has the rising inflection, according to Rule V.

EXAMPLES.

1. You were paid to fight against Philip, not to rail' at him.

2. I said rationally, not irrationally'.

3. I did not say rationally', but irrationally`.

4. I said an elder soldier, not a better.

5. Let us retract while we can', not when we must'.

REMARK 3.-The more emphatic member generally receives the falling inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. A countenance more in sorrow', than anger.

2. A countenance less in anger', than sorrow`.

3. You should show your courage by deeds', rather than by words'.

4. If we can not remove pain, we may alleviate it.

OF SERIES.

A series is a number of particulars immediately following one another in the same grammatical construction.

A commencing series is one which commences a sentence or clause.

EXAMPLE.

Faith, hope, love, joy, are the fruits of the spirit.

A concluding series is one which concludes a sentence or a clause.

EXAMPLE.

The fruits of the spirit are faith, hope, love, and joy.

RULE IX.-All the members of a commencing series, when not emphatic, usually require the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

1. War', famine', pestilence', storm', and fire besiege mankind.

2. The knowledge', the power', the wisdom', the goodness' of God, must all be unbounded.

3. To advise the ignorant', to relieve the needy', and to comfort the afflicted' are the duties that fall in our way almost every day of our lives.

4. No state chicanery', no narrow system of vicious politics', no idle contest for ministerial victories', sank him to the vulgar level of the great.

5. For solidity of reasoning', force of sagacity', and wisdom of conclusion', no nation or body of men can compare with the Congress at Philadelphia.

6. The wise and the foolish', the virtuous and the evil', the learned and the ignorant', the temperate and the profligate', must often be blended together.