England. They resided in that city for some years, under the pastoral charge of Mr. John Robinson; but not finding their situation altogether congenial, they came to the determination to remove to America. As they desired to settle within the limits of the territory then known as Virginia, they sent two of their number, Robert Cushing and John Carver, to England, for the purpose of obtaining the con sent of the London Company.

12. Their application was favorably received, and, through the influence of Sir Edwin Sandys, secretary of the company, a patent under the company's seal was obtained, and a tract of land was assigned them. They wished, also, that their enterprise should receive the approbation of the king; but James hated the Puritans, and the greatest favor they could obtain from him was his promise to let them alone. Money was obtained from a company of London merchants on terms that constituted the merchants partners in the adventure. Tez pounds in money. advanced by the merchant was made equal to seven years of labor of the emigrant. The profits were to be reserved to the end of that time, when a distribution was to be made. This association of Puritans was, from their migrations, also called Pilgrims.

13. They procured two vessels, the Speedwell, of sixty tons, and the Mayflower, of one hundred and eighty tons burthen. They set sail on the 22d of July, 1620, but the Speedwell was soon found to be unseaworthy, and they were compelled to put back for repairs. They sailed again from Southampton on the 5th of August, but were compelled to put back the second time. They returned to Portsmouth, at which place they abandoned the Speedwell, with some of the party whose courage failed them. The May

12. How was their application to the London Company received? Why did not the king favor their enterprise? What were the terms of their contract with the merchants? Why were the Puritans who settled at Plymouth called Pil. grime?

18. What were the names of the vessels in which the Pilgrims sailed? When did the Mayflower finally set sail?

flower finally set sail on the 6th of September, with one hundred and one persons on board.

14. Their destination was the mouth of the Hudson River, but they were conducted by their captain, wnether ignorantly or of set purpose, to a much more bleak and inhospitable region, north of that river. After a voyage of sixty-three days they came in sight of Cape Cod, and o

the 10th of November they cast anchor in that harbor. Having no charter from the king, they, as yet, had no form of government. One, purely democratic, was adopted before landing, drawn up in writing, and signed by the men, forty-one in number. Mr. John Carver was unanimously chosen governor for one year.

14. What was the place of their destination? What was the length of thei:

15. Several days were spent in searching for a suitable place to land. At last the desired harbor was found, and on the 22d of December, 1620, the Pilgrims landed. The place they named Plymouth, after or in honor of the place in England from which they had sailed. No time was spent in idleness; trees must be felled, and houses built. Lots were assigned to families, and on the third day they began to build. The winter was very severe, and the sufferings of the colonists were great. By the first of April, 1621, all but forty-six of those who had landed were dead. Among the dead were Governor Carver, his wife, and son. At one time there were but seven well persons in the whole settlement. With the return of spring came health and renewed vigor.

16. In March, a short time before the death of Governor Carver, a treaty of amity was made with Massasoit, the great chief of the Wampanoags, with Samoset, a chief of the same tribe, and eight smaller chiefs. This treaty was of great service to the colony, as, in its weak and suffering condition, it could easily have been destroyed by savage enemies. It was kept inviolate by both parties for fifty years. As spring advanced the health of the colonists improved. But their supply of provisions was barely sufficient to last them until harvest. Massasoit taught them the cultivation and use of maize or Indian corn, the first of which was planted in the month of May, 1621. In November, a ship arrived with thirty-five immigrants, wholly without provisions. The following winter their sufferings were much increased; sometimes for months they had no grain at all.

17. William Bradford, who was chosen governor after the death of Carver, was so much beloved that he was con

Voyage? When did they first come in sight of land? What was the form of government adopted before landing?

15. What was the day of their landing? Why did they call the place Ply. mouca? What is said of their sufferings and condition during the winter! What eminent man died?

16. What treaty was made? What was their condition in the winter of 1621 ! 17. Who succeeded Carver as governor? What is said of him ? What is mentioned as one of the causes of scarcity?

tinued in office the greater part of the time until his death, nearly forty years in all. The harvest of 1622 was scanty, and the settlers would have suffered greatly had it not been for the friendship of the Indians. One of the causes of scarcity was the deep religious feeling of the leading Pur tans, who had desired, in imitation of Apostolic times, to have a community of property. But even amongst the Puritans there were some who would not work, as long as they were permitted to eat the fruit of the labor of others. And so the system was changed, and, in the spring of 1623, each family had allotted a parcel of ground to cultivate for itself. All had now to work for themselves, or to do without the necessaries of life. After the harvest of that year there was never any general want of food.

18. In 1623, the Pilgrims, as they were called, as before stated, were involved in an Indian war, through the conduct of another small English colony, which had in the meantime been established at Weymouth, near Boston harbor. Thomas Weston, one of the London merchants who had advanced money to settlers, moved by the hope of gain, had obtained a patent from the Plymouth Company in England for a small district in Massachusetts Bay, on Boston harbor. To this place he sent a company of about sixty men, who were dissolute in their habits, and by their aggressions gave so much offence to the Indians that a plot was laid to entirely exterminate the English. Massasoit, the friendly chief, grateful to the colony at Plymouth for kindness received from them, revealed the plot to the governor, who immediately sent Captain Standish to the new settlement for its defence. Captain Standish took with him but eight men. Hastening to the scene of ac tion, he was in time, not only to prevent the attack, but also to surprise the Indians. He attacked them unexpectedly, slew the principa. instigators of the plot, and drove

18. How were the Pilgrims involved in war in 1623? What is said of Weston and his settlement? Who revealed the plot of the Indians ? What is said of Captain Standish:

the rest into a swamp, where many of them miserably perished. Weymouth was soon after abandoned, and the settlers returned to England.

19. In the year 1624, other immigrants arrived at Ply. mouth. They brought with them cattle, swine, poultry, clothing, and provisions. The progress of Plymouth colony was slow. Four years after the landing of the Pilgrims there were thirty-two houses in the settlement and one hundred and eighty inhabitants; at the end of ten years there were only three hundred.

20. The connection of the colony with the London merchants from whom they had received money, embarrassed them greatly. The merchants complained that they received no return for the money advanced, and interfered in various ways with the affairs of the colony, causing the immigrants great inconvenience. At last the colonists were able to buy out the rights of the London adventurers, and by this means were relieved of debt and an unpleasant connection.

21. In November, 1620, a short time before the landing of the colonists at Plymouth, a new charter was granted by James I. of England, in lieu of the one before granted to what was known as the Plymouth Company. This was to a new company in England, at the head of which stood the Duke of Lenox. This new company was styled the "Grand Council of Plymouth." This charter granted to the new company all the territory between the "fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude, and extending throughout the main land from sea to sea."

In this new grant or charter the name of "North Virginia," previously applied to this district of country, was dropped, and that of "New England" substituted for it.

19. What is said of the progress of Plymouth? How many inhabitants were there in the colony ten years after the landing of the Pilgrims?

20. What was the colony's embarrassment? How relieved?

21. When was the charter for North Virginia changed? What was the new