2nd and all following Rows. + Miss the two first stitches of nine, work one after the second and all the others, and one more on the loop on which the eighth will be worked. + repeat. No. 9. CADIZ LACE. 1st Row. 6 close stitches, miss the space of two, 2 close, miss the space of two, repeat. 2nd Row. Miss all the stitches of the last row, whether two or six, and on every space between work two stitches. Repeat these two rows alternately for Cadiz Lace. It will be observed that the common button-hole stitch (Brussels lace), is the only one required for all these laces, the patterns being formed by the various spaces left. CURIOUS POINT LACE OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. Materials.-W. Evans and Co.'s Point Lace Cottons, and No. 1 Mecklenburgh Thread. THIS lace is copied from some very valuable specimens, lent to us by a distinguished lady, in whose family they had been heirlooms for some hundreds of fears. It is distinguished by a grotesqueess of forms, and a solidity of workmanship, characteristic of the period. The outlines are done entirely in W. Evans and Co.'s Mecklenburgh thread, No. 1; the solid parts are done in foundaion stitch, worked with No. 160 of the jame thread, over bars done in No. 100. The cups of the acorns are done in close liamonds; the acorns in foundation titch with the holes left, as in the engraving. Some of the leaves are done in he same manner, others have open spaces, n which Sorrento bars are crossed. When the stems are open, the outlines are Overcast, after the bars within them have een done. All those parts which are pearled, must also be overcast, and the earling is made of small Raleigh No. 3. The large flower is filled in, principally with open English lace; a stitch given in No.68, Vol. 6, Old Series of the Family Friend. The ground is made in plain Raleigh bars, or Venetian bars. One of the flowers has a Mecklin wheel n the centre; the other has an English point: the petals are done in close diamond-stitch. One entire pattern of this lace is given in the engraving; and, in working it, the copy should be kept before the eye, and followed as closely as possible. VICTORIA LACE COLLAR. Materials. Some fine. Bobbinet; a piece of Victoria Braid, No. 7; and W. Evans and Co.'s Tatting Cotton, No. 1; and Boar's Head Sewing Cotton, No. 50. Victoria lace is the name applied to net braided with the material once termed Coronation braid. It is composed of alternate thick and thin sections; and, when laid on, has something of the appearance of satin stitch. It is usually done by the eye, the thick part of the engraving designating the same in the braid; but those who cannot do it in this manner, may draw the pattern on coloured paper, cut out in the shape of the collar, or other article to be worked, and tack the net on it, having previously whipped the edges. In putting on the braid, the needle is slipped through the thick and soft parts, and the stitch taken over the thin ones, which are of so hard a substance that a needle will not readily pass through them. The ends are drawn through the braid. The edging is done in tatting, thus :--1 drab, +1 pink, 1 double, +9 times, draw it up. Every loop is done in the same way. It UNRESERVED communication is the lawful commerce of conjugal affection. and all concealment is contraband. is a false compliment to the object of our affection, if, for the sake of sparing them a transient uneasiness, we rob them of the comfort to which they are entitled of mitigating our suffering, by partaking it. All dissimulation is disloyalty to love: besides, it argues a lamentable ignorance of human life, to set out with an expectation of health without interruption, and happiness without alloy. When young persons marry with the fairest prospects, they should never forget that infirmity is bound up with their very nature, and that in bearing one another's burdens, they fulfil one of the highest duties of the union.—Mrs. II. More. RECREATIONS IN SCIENCE. Vivid combustion of three metals when brought into contact with each other.-Mix a grain or two of potassium with a like quantity of sodium. This mixture will take place quietly; but if the alloy of these two bodies be brought into contact with a globule of quicksilver, the compound, when agitated, instantly takes fire, and burns vividly. ARITHMETICAL QUESTIONS. From January the tenth in a Bissextile year, To December the eighteenth, pray make it appear, What the amount of six hundred bright guineas will be, At four and-a-half per cent.-Tell this to me? A gamester lost in four turns of dice, 160 shillings trebling his stake each turn. How much did he play for the first and last time? ENIGMA. To tell the various forms I take, Your faith, I fear, would almost shake. No knife can cut me, I'm so hard; From one of Nature's kingdoms cast, To touch me, you would almost fear. RIDDLES. 1. H. B. TRANSPOSITIONS. 1. What often haunts the breast of man, When Bonaparte marshall'd his men in array, A stain, speck or blot, nay some singular place. ENGLISH COUNTIES; HISTORICAL Let first the man appear in view, Yet Hercules' request withstood, The Psalms of David written clear, ANSWERS TO FAMILY FASTIME. ENIGMA-The letter A. Editor's Address:-London, 69, Fleet-street. The Editor of "The Family Friend." IN commencing our NEW SERIES, let us impress upon our Correspondents that our Appendix is devoted not merely to Editorial answers to Questions put by Correspondents, but to useful Facts, Hints, and Suggestions, supplied by Correspondents themselves, -as Friends of our great We cannot too highly prize the many useful treasures communicated to our First Series by Family. co-operators. numerous And we earnestly invite not only a continuance but an increase of this friendly feeling, which prompts the possessor of any useful and practical information to publish it through our pages for the benefit of others. All letters of inquiry should be written as briefly and legibly as possible; and but one Query should be submitted by one Correspondent at a time. དམ༔ Correspondents should avoid troubling the Editor for information which may be easily obtained by reference to works usually accessible. Thus, the meaning and pronunciation of English words; the dates of well-known events, &c., &c., are not fair matters for Editorial interrogation, since all parties, with less delay and trouble than would be occasioned by addressing the Editor, may obtain the required information for themselves. Inquiries which are merely of individual interest will seldom be replied to; and queries of a trifling character, unless they are of a nature to afford amusement, and thus relieve the more solid matter of the Appendix from the disadvantages of dullness and monotony, will seldom be regarded. Legal and medical questions, except such as relate to established general principles of jurisprudence and medical science, must necessarily be set aside. We assume that every paragraphi inserted in the Appendix should be useful to many persons, which would not be the case if matters of a merely local or private nature were introduced. 1-Blankets. E. L.-Blankets took their name from one Thomas Blanquet who established the first manufactory for this comfortable article at Bristol about the year 1340. ding; the former implying a house, and the latter a thing, cause, suit, or plea; whereby it is manifest that hersding implies a house or hall, wherein causes are heard and determined. 2-Milk as a dietetic. B. M.-For those who 5-Sea and River Bathing. M. S. D.-"Why haye healthy and unsophisticated stomachs, milk is it easier to swim in the sea than in a river?"? appears to be one of the best articles of diet we Sea water has a greater buoyancy than fresh possess. It is less stimulating than flesh, and water, being comparatively heavier, and hence it more nutritious than vegetables. For persons is commonly said to be much easier to swim in who are disposed to febrile complaints, and who the sea than in a river: this effect however apare not obliged to perform hard and exhausting pears to be greatly exaggerated. A cubic foot of labour, it is the most appropriate diet. fresh water weighs about 1,000 ounces; and the 3-Solar Cycle. C. W. Once every twenty-same bulk of sea water weighs 1,028 ounces: the eight years the same days of the week occur on weight, therefore, of the latter exceeds the forthe same days of the month, throughout the year. mer by only 28 parts in 1,000. The force, exerted For instance: twenty-eight years from January by sea water to support the body exceeds that 1st, 1851, will be Wednesday, the first day of exerted by fresh water by about one thirty-sixth January, 1879; twenty-eight years before the part of the whole force of the latter. first day of January, 1851, was Wednesday, the 6-Colours of Flowers. G. $. C.-"Which are first day of January, 1823. This period of twenty-the most prevalent colours of flowers," &c. It eight years is called a Solar Cycle. 4-Origin the term "Hustings." F.-The terusting, as applied to the scaffold erected at etions from which candidates address the electors, is derived from the court of Husting, of Saxon origin, and the most ancient in the kingdom Its name is a compound of hers and appears that white is the most extensively distributed colour among flowers, and that the decided colours, red, yellow, and blue, are much more plentiful than violet, green, orange, or brown; red and yellow being nearly equal, and not much less numerous than white. From various experiments, it would seem also that white flowers are the most generally odorous, and among the other colours the red flowers have the greatest tendency, and the blue the least, to the formation of odoriferous substances. 7-Baldness. H. A deficiency of hair may arise from a variety of causes, a weakened stateof the hair-glands, an imperfect formative force,moisture, or pressure of the atmosphere. Tropi-j a defect in the manufacturing apparatus depens dent upon certain causes that may be removed, general debility following some bodily and men tal disease, wearing close air-retaining hats, using greasy stimulating cosmetics, which clog the hair, and make it very compact, so that they increase the perspiration of the scalp without permitting its escape, stimulate or irritate the delicate hair-bulbs, and prevent the thorough cleansing of the skin so necessary to the preservation of its ability to perform its duties properly and efficiently. 8-Conversation. T. T.- Good conversation is one of the highest attainments of civilised society. Some persons seem to forget that mere talking is not conversing; that it requires two to make a conversation, and that each in turn must be a listener. Our correspondent will do well to remember Dr. Johnson's advice. There must, in the first place, be knowledge, there must be materials in the second place, there must be a command of words in the third place, there must be imagination to place things in such views as they are not commonly seen in, and in the fourth place there must be a presence of mind that is not to be overcome by failures. This last is an essential requisite; for want of it many people do not excel in conversation. 9-Copper-plates for Engravers. S. F. The following are the means employed for producing a level and brilliant polished surface of copper. The copper, after being cut to the required size from a plate of the best and soundest quality, is then scraped all over with a steel int 18 remove any slight defects that may exist at the surface. The workman occasionally holds a piece of oiled paper between the window and the plate, whereby a peculiar light falls on the to make the slightest defects latter, visiblculated bed sufficiently the plate is taken to an anvil and well hammered to render it more dense, and also to flatten it. The surface is then well ground with a kind of hard blue stone wetted with water, and finally polished with fine charcoal. 10-Singing JW. J.If nature has gifted you with powers of singing, and you are asked to exercise them for the pleasure of others, it would be absurd to refuse. Some men who are, or who fancy themselves to be good singer, are great bores. airs they assume company are disagreeable. If asked for a song, they affect an aspect of the most hypocritical humility, that really they cannot sing that their voice is out of order-that they are hoarse-and so forth; while all the time they are most anxious to show forth, only wanting to be pressed in order their own importance and stimulate to enhanceof the company. Nor is this the the worst of the case; for no sooner do they perpetrate one song, than they volunteer a dozen. The best way to treat such persons is to take them at their word, and not urge them to sing. 11-Floral Timepiece. W. E.This is no poetieal fiction. Pliny, in his "Natural History," alludes to the time-showing virtues of flowers. Linnæus enumerates forty-six flowers which possess this kind of sensibility, and he divides them into meteoric flowers, which less accurately observe the hour of unfolding, but are expanded sooner or later, according to the cloudiness, cal flowers which open in the morning, and close before evening every day, but the hour of the expanding becomes earlier or later, as the length of the day increases or decreases. Equinoctial flowers, which serve for the construction of 97 Flora's dials, since they open at a certain and exact hour of the day, and for the most part close at another determinate houro c 118 des172 "There in each flower and simple bell [stal? That in our path be-trodden lie, bool w Are sweet remembrancers who tell alec: How fast the winged moments fly.”— 12-Rearing of Silkworms. W. P.-A correspondent desires to know why silkworms could not be reared in sufficient quantities in England to produce silk equal to that imported from Italy. We would remind him that various ineffectual attempts have been made for this purpose. The success which attended the establishment of mulberry plantations in the south of France, induced James the First to hope that a similar advantage might be available for England. The promulgation of the King's opinion awoke some interest on the subject, but in the time of Charles the First the cultivation of the mulberry, and the rearing of silkworms appear to have been almost given up. From 1718 to 1825 repeated attempts were made in England to but unsuccessfully. industry to a profitable issue, bng this branch of owing to the climate. There is no doubt that if the proper species of insect be selected, and if mulberry-leaves be supplied in sufficient quantities, silk may be produced almost eqt al to that of Italy, ནོ་། next ni bogolqis laeis al 10 13 Profitable Employment of Time. JdJC-7 pounds will take of themselves may be thus The old adage "take care of the pence and thend parodied, take care of the minutes and the daysts will take care of themselvesɗa: Aisprofessionalu gentleman, of rare attainments, was asked by a Young lady how he found time for all he did. I found of great use, and therefore recommend ites* He replied,There is one rule which I have on to you and that is, always to do small things, b such as writing a letter, copying out some short piece, making a sketch, reading a review, all in" small portions of time, and to reserve a whole" day of leisure for some long and important affair. Never use up a rainy, morning in doua paten of little jobs, and think, because you dispatch at time; leave small affairs for odd half-hours, and great many, that you have well bestowed your that cannot be done in half-hours." No-one use your uninterrupted morning for somethinga should be idle in this busy hive of a world, the infirm and the destitute always have a claim. upon our attention; remember, sem dolde ONST Tis joy to do an upright deed; dead. baTis joy to do a kind leader to sau fac And the best reward of virtuous deed SA ESA Is the peace of one's own mind." nantuoja It must never be forgotten that a moment once lost can never be regained. T 14-Fishes' Gills. M.-"Of what use are the gills of fishes?" They separate air from water, with which it is always united, and bring it into contact with the blood. It is to be observed, however, that many animals which reside in the water, breathe by means of lungs, and are obliged at intervals to come to the surface to respire. 15-Plants in Conservatories. C. S.-Plants in a conservatory require to be carefully attended to, as to watering, and they should be syringed over the leaves when they are watered. Those parts which are nearest to the pipes or flues will require most water, as they become the soonest dry. Fresh air is occasionally requisite. It is only lately that this has been discovered; but air is now found to be as necessary to plants as for animals. 16-Huguenots. B. B.-Various definitions of this epithet exist. Pasquier says it arose from their assembling at Hugon's Tower, at Tours; he also mentions, that in 1540 he heard them called Tourangeaux. Some have attributed the term to the commencement of their petitions, "Huc nos venimus." A more probable reason is to be found in the name of a party at Geneva, called Eignots, a term derived from the German, and signifying a sworn confederate. 17-Apprenticeship. D.-The utility of placing a boy at an early age to learn a business is undoubted. The control to which he is subjected for a considerable period, renders a lad who has been accustomed to the indulgences of home, most essential service. He must learn to be attentive to his business, methodical and wellbehaved; and if the master sets a good example, the moral discipline of a boy's apprenticeship is worth a fortune. 18-Thermometers. G. I. S.-Fahrenheit's thermometer is the one now in general use in this country, although that arranged by M. Reaumur is usually employed in France. The main difference between the two consists in the gradation of the scale. Reaumur fixes his zero at 32° of Fahrenheit, and divides the ranges between that point and the point of boiling water into 80°; while Fahrenheit takes a scale of 212° between his zero and the boiling point. 19-Auld Robin Gray. T. S. I.-The authoress of this touching and beautiful ballad, was Lady Anne Barnard, who died in 1825. This lady was sister to the Earl of Balcarras, and wife of Sir Andrew Barnard. A quarto tract circulated among the members of the Banna. tyne Club, contains the original verses, as corrected by Lady Anne, and two continuations by the same authoress; while the introduction consists almost entirely of a very interesting letter on the origin of the ballad. 20-Asbestos. B. Asbestos is a fibrous, mineral substance. which will not burn. Pliny had seen napkins made of cloth manufactured from asbestos; and that when taken from the table after a feast, they were thrown into the fire, by which means they were rendered cleaner than if they had been washed in water. The principal use of asbestos cloth was for the shrouds used at royal funerals, to wrap up the corpse, that the human ashes might be preserved when the body was burned. 21-To preserve Black-lead Pencil Drawings.C. W. A thin wash of isinglass may be used, to prevent their rubbing out. The same effect may be produced by the simple application of skimmed milk; the best way of using this is to lay the drawing flat upon the surface of the milk, taking it up expeditiously, and hanging it by one corner till it drains and dries. The milk must be perfectly free from cream, otherwise it will grease the paper. To prevent the lead from smearing, the loose particles should first be taken off with a dry hair pencil, or even by blowing it. 22-Singing. E. I. C.-The difficulty of cultivating the voice consists in keeping its musical quality of tone pure, while passing from one note to another, and in not allowing the bleating or reedy quality of the common speaking voice, even in a modified form, to interfere with its beauty of tone. It is the practical knowledge of using this pure quality of the voice which places one singer above another. In practising singing, the most simple exercises should be attempted, and the mind be entirely directed to the proper production of tone. 23-Coral Insects. H. R.-There are three kinds of structures produced by the continued and rapid growth of these animals: one is a narrow fringe in shallow water, at a small distance from land, and examples of this may be seen in the West Indian islands, or the Red Sea; another consists of a broad and deep wall, often several miles from a coast or island, from which it is separated by a moderately deep channel; while the third is a circular or oval ring of coral, enclosing a salt water lake and rising at once out of deep water, without any appearance of other land. 24-Lobsters as a Food. R. E.-Lobsters are certainly nutritive; but they are exposed to many objections, on the ground of indigestibility; and such has been their effect upon certain stomachs, as to have excited a suspicion of their containing some poisonous principle; they have been known to occasion pain in the throat, and, besides eruptions upon the skin, to extend their morbid influence to the production of pain in the stomach, and affection of the joints. As found in the London market, they are generally underboiled, with a view to their better keeping: and in that case they are highly indigestible. The same observations apply to the crab. 25-Invention of the Electric Telegraph. C. F. -It was the discovery of the action of a galvanie current upon a magnetic needle, by Professor Ersted, of Copenhagen, in 1819, that, chiefly combined with the experiments of several scientific men, formed the basis of the electric telegraph, now in use. It is, however, to two highly intelligent individuals-Mr. Cooke and Professor Wheatstone-that we owe the application of these discoveries in our own country. gentlemen in the middle of the year 1837 took out a patent for a telegraph conjointly. These 26-Gentle Behaviour. C.-You need not be rude and boisterous with your young companions. You may share in all kinds of games, and play Blind-man's buff with the little children, and yet never lose the command of yourself so as to become hoydenish and unfeminine. Loud laughter and boisterous merriment should be avoided. Remember what Lear says, while hanging over Cordelia's body: "Her voice was ever sweet, Gentle and low: an excellent thing in woman." |