Anglo-Lufitanica.

T

O avoid any thing that may appear fuperflu- P is pronounced by opening the Lips that were clefe ous, I shall fay little to their Alphabet, as shut with a sudden and brisk Afpiration, as in the folbeing more or lefs the fame with the La-lowing words, Palavra, a Word; Pedir, to defire; tin; but as to the Pronunciation, we may take Punhal, a Ponyard. notice, that the Portugueze endeavour to express every Word with an open breath and Air, Suffering no Termination with any Letter that shall be mute or uncapable of Sound, which will most eafily appear to an obServing and distinguishing Ear in Converfation with the

Natives.

The firft Letter A is pronounced with a full and open Mouth, as in the Word Aqua or Agua, Water.

The Letter B is pronounced agreeably to the other Modern Languages, as in the Word, Bom, Good.

The Letter C before a, o, u, is pronounced like K, as as is the Words, Cáfa, an Houfe; Cóua, a Den or Hole; Currál, a Fold or Repofitory for Cattle; before e and i it is pronounced as with a dash or tail, as f, in the words Ceffar, to ceafe; Cingir, to gird or bind; but when written with a dash, it is pronounced with more force, mixt with a kind of Afpiration, as in the word Abracar, to embrace.

D, as commonly in other Languages, with a foft and eafie breath, as in the word Detender, to defend.

E is pronounced with a Mouth Somewhat more freight. ned than the Letter A, as in the word Eftár, to be. F, with a Compreffion of the lower Lip to the upper Teeth, as in the words, Fé, Faith; Fome, Hunger.

G is as commonly by the inner part of the Mouth averting the root of the Tongue hastily, as in the English Words, Gall, Gout, Gun; but before E and I with a foft and cafe Afpiration, like j Confonant, as in the Words Regedor, Governour or Kecior; and Região, a Region or Country.

H, in the Latin, and fome other Languages, is only an Afpiration, but in this, when written after the Let

Qis pronounced by applying half the Tongue to half the Palate, as in the Letter C, as in thefe, Cómo quer que, when, or whereas, &c. but notwithstanding it is an imperfect Letter without the help of a ŭ; and in all Words is pronounced like a K, only in feveral Words, in which an a followeth it, as in qual, quándo, quádra, where the u bath its full Force and Sound.

R is expreffed with a forceable Afpiration, and much stronger when doubled, as in the following words, Fóra, out or without; Térra, Earth or Land; Río, a River.

S is pronounced as is ufual in other Languages, as in the word, Cáfa, an Houfe.

Tis almost expreffed like D, but rith a more forcea ble Averfion of the Longue from the Teeth; as in th fe words, Trazer, to bring; Tolhér, to forbid; Tullir, to cough.

a

u, the Vowel, is pronounced with open Mouth; but with the Lips more protenfe than in O, as in these words, Fugir, to fly; Furór, fury.

V Confonanted, is pronounced almost like F, disjoin ing the higher Teeth from the lower Lip, whereas they were fo clofe united before, that no Breath could efcape before the Mouth be opened, as in the following words, Vazía, empty; Vou, Igo; Vir, to come.

X is pronounced like th, by applying half the Tongue to the Palate, in form of a Channel, as in these words. Queyxáda, a Check-bone; Cucyxúme, a Complaint; Queyxarfe, to complain; only in fome Words beginning with an a and e, in which x hath its natural Force, as in Axúngia, Exémplo, &c.

Z is pronounced almost like C, but stronger, and with kind of Sibilation or Nife, as in these words, Zimbre, a Juniper-tree; Zonir, to make a noise; Zurzír; tổ beat with a Club.

Y, as in other Languages, almost like I, but foneters c, n, 1, hath the force of a Letter, as in the follow-what fainter; as in Fay, a Father; Ley, a Law. ing Particles, cha, che, chi, cho, chu; nha, nhe, nhi, nho, uhu; Iha, lhe, lhi, lho, lhu, and is pronounced by applying the point of the Tongue to the middle of the Palate with a hafty averfion, as an i breve, as in the Words, Ténho, I have; Línho, Flax; Sónho, a Dream; and unha, a Nail; as if they were written, ténio, línio, fouio, únia, &c.

I, which is the Vowel pronounced with the Mouth open, but with a more limited Breath than E, as in Ví, I have Seen; Lí. I have read; Rí, I have laugh'd, as ee Eng. J, the Confonant, is pronounced like & before E, but is never placed before i the Vowel, but always before a, e, o, u, as in the following words, Janella, a Window; Jefus, Jefus, Jógo, Play; Juíz, a judge.

L, whether fingle or double, is always pronounced in the fame manner, applying the forepart of the Tongue to the Palate near to the upper Teeth, as in the following words, Ládo, afide; Ladrám, a theif; Ladéyra, a deScent, &c.

M is pronounced by a fudden opening the Lips clofe Shut, as in these words, Macho, a Male; Múdo, one that is dumb, Moúcho, a kind of Horn-owl, &c.

N is pronounced by applying the Tongues tip to the beginning of the Palate with a fudden Constraint, as in thefe words, Naçám, a Nation; Nóme, a Name; Núvem, a Cloud.

O, is expreffed by opening the Mouth, and extending the Lips in a round form, as in the word, Ovo, an Egg.

As for the Nouns, as in all our modern Languages, fo in this the first and common Divifion is into Substan tive and Abjctive: This being known to all Childr n admitted in Schools, needs no other Explication than by fome few Examples, as follow,

Nouns Subftantive, as, Fédro, Peter; Pédra, a Stone; Páo, Wood; Templo, a Church; Cála. an House which to make a Sentence, are as follow; Pédro víve Peter lives; A pédra fére, the Stone strikes, hits or wounds; O Páo crece, the Wood or Stake grows; O Templo órna a Cidade, the Church beautifies the City; A Cáfa agafálha o hóniem, the House treats or entertains the Man.

ANoun Adjective,that cannot fubfift without a Subftantive for its fupport, is known by the following Examples, Pedro he douto, Peter is learned; A Pédra he dúra, the Stone is hard; O páo he relico, the Wood is brittle: O Templo he fermólo, the Church is beautiful; all which Examples (hew that the Adjectives, dóuto, dúra, relíço and fermófo, are infignificant, without their Subftantive Companions. Proper, Appellative

Nouns Subftative are {

Pro

Grammatico Anglo-Lufitanica.

Proper in the Portugueze Tongue. fignifie in the fingu lar number one certain and determinate thing, as Pedro, Paulo, Thomás, Londrés, Lisboa, Thámele, Tejo, c. but Antiquity tells us, That the Plural Namber bath been in ufe, as, Pédros, Páulos, Téjos, Lufitanos; which being fo far difcrepant from the Latin, Seem both uncouth and obfolete.

A Noun Substantive Appellative, is what fignifies an is what fignifies an uncertain and common thing; as in this Language, Aruore, fignifies a Tree; Pédra, a Stone; Cabeça, a Head; Monte, a Hill or Mountain; Reyno, a Kingdom; because all these contain feveral Kinds or Species under them, to this likewife are related the Collectives, which in a fingular number fignifie a Multitude; as, Póuo, the common People; Multidám, a Multitude; Génte, a number of Perfons in company: Exército, an Army.

Adjectives in this Language are fome of them common to all the Genders; as Grande, Great; Léue, Light; Bréue, Short; Forte, Strong; Mayor, Greater; Menór, Leffer; for they commonly fay, Boy grande, a great Ox; Váca grande, a great Cow; Páo leve, light Wood; Láa léve, light Wooll, Tempo bréve, a short time; Manhaa breve, a fhort morning; Cavallo fórte, a ftrong Horfe; Egoa forte, a Strong Mare; Hómem mayór ou menór, a greater or leffer Man.

Adjective of the other range are only of two Forms as for Example, Fermófo & fermófa, Beautiful; Alto e álta, high; Pequéno & pequena, little; Altiffimo & altiffima, most high; the first Form Serves for the Subftantive of the Mafculine Gender; and (if any) for the Neuter, and the fecond for the Feminine; there be ing no Adjectives in this Language of a triple form, as among the Romans.

The Adjective is here known by its Subftantive that is allied to it, as, Fermófa áve, a beautiful Bird; Féyo Mónftro, an uggly Monster; or elfe by way of Circumlocution exprefs'd by one word, call'd Coufa, or thing; which upon feveral Occafions is made use of for a Subftantive; as for inftance, Nam ha cóufa mays dúra que o diamante, there is nothing harder than a Diamond. This Noun Adjective admits of many Subdivifions, which are as follow.

Interrogative, when we inquire after any thing; v.g. Quem? who? Qual de nos ou de vos? which of us, or you? Quánto? how much? Qoántos? how many Qual? which?

Thefe Nouns are commonly divided into fuch as are Pofitive, which fignifie a thing abfolutely and fimply, as Grande, Great; Pequeno, Imail.

Comparative, as, Mayor, greater; Menór, leffer. Superlative, either in the highest or lowest degree, as, Máximo, greatest; Mínimo, least.

Here it may be noted, That the Portugueze make use of their Comparatives and Superlatives in three distinct manners; as follow,

1. By the Nouns in themselves Comparative, as, Mayór, greater; Menór, leffer; Inferior, Superiór.

2. By the Superlatives that imitate the Latin; as for Example, Máximo, greatest; Minimo, leaft; Clariffimo, most eminent; Eftudiofufimo, most studious; Perfeitillimo, most perfeci.

3. By annexing one of these two words, Mays ou ménos, more or less, to any Noun; v. g. Mays perfeito, more perfect; Mays eltudiófo, more studious; Mays cláro, more eminent; Mays fábio, more wife; Mays entendido, more understanding; Ménos difcreto, lefs difcreet; Ménos valente, not Ĵo valiant; Ménos gentil, lefs accomplish'd, or genteel, or handfome; Ménos animólo, les courageous.

Where it may be noted, that the fame Adjective in the Portugueze Tongue, may ferve both for a Comparative and Superlative, as in the following Examples; Comparative, when one thing is compared with another of the Jame or different kind, v. g. Pédro he mays valénte qué António ou qué hum Leám, Peter is more valiant than Antonio, or than a Lion.

Comparative of one with many, or of many with miny of a different kind, v. g. Hum Européo he mays valente que muytos Aliáticos, One European is more valiant than many Afiaticks; or Os Européos fam mays valentes que os Afiáticos, The Europeans are mare valiant than the people of Afia.

Superlatives are fuch as follow, when one thing is compared with many, or many with many of the fame kind, v. g. Pédro Portuguéz he mays valente que todos ou de todos os Portuguézes, Peter a Portugueze is the most valiant if all the Portugueze; or Os Poruguezés fam mays valéntes que todos ou de tódos os homens, The Portugueze are the most valiant of all Men: By which it appears that in this Language every Adjective may be made both Comparative and Superla tive by the affistance of mays & ménos.

Primitives are fuch as have many others derived from Relative is that which refers you to an Antecedent Sub- them, as from Pédra, a stone, arife Pedregal, a ftony tantive, and is very often expreffed by the word Que place; Pedregulha, gravel; Pedregofo, tony; Penot diftinguishing either Number or Gender; v. g. Odréyra, Pedréyro, a ftone-cutter; Pedráda, a blow with hómem que peccóu, the Man that finned; a Molher a stone, with many others of the like nature, which do que peccóu, the woman that finned; Os homens que much enrich the Portugueze Language. peccáram, the Men that finned; As molhéres que Here it may be noted that we have many words end peccáram, the Women that finned. ing in ada, which in other Languages cannot be expreffed but by Circumlocution; as Pedráda, a blow with a stone; Pancada, a blow with a stick or a club; Cutiláda, z cut with a Sword; Eftocáda, a ftab with a Sword1 or Dagger.

Sometimes it is otherwife expreffed, by O qual & a qual, in the Singular; & os quaes, & as quaes, in the Plural; v. g. O homem o qual, os hómens os quaes, a molhér a qual, as molheres as quaes.

The Noun Poffeffive fignifies a thing poffeffed belonging to fome body; as for Example, Cavallo Reál, a Royal Horfe; Soldado Pompeyano, a Soldier of Fame in Pompy's Army.

An Adjective that declares aMan'sCountry,is commonly exprefs'd in short, Lisboénfe, one of Lisbon, Evorénfe, one of Evora, &c. or otherwife, Filho de lixbóa, á Son of, or born in Lisbon; Filho de Evora, filho de Brága, &c.

There are other Adjectives which fignifie or refer to a Nation or Country, as, Grégo, a Grecian Italiano, an Italian; Portugez, a Portugueze; Caftelháno, a Spaniard, &c.

For the Declinations and Cafes in this Language, the Method is more facil and cafe than in most others; for the Singular Number is always express'd by the fame Letter as the Plural, with fome little Alteration at last, which is foon understood.

The general Rule for Number is Singular and Plural; the Singular importing only one particular thing, as, Pedro, Peter; Pédra, a ffone; Céo, Heaven; Térra, Earth.

The Plural Number comprehends more than one, v. g. Pédros; as, dous Pédros, two Peters by name; Pedras, Stones; Céos, Heavens; Térras, Earths, &c. Which Numbers are diftinguished by two Rules, as follow.

There are others calid Numeral, of which kind the first called Cardinial are, Hum, dous, trees, One, Two, Three, &c. the other Ordinate, as, Priméyro, First; First, As oft as thefe Particles precede any word, be Segundo, Second Tercéyro, Third, &c. and others ing a, o, da, do, na, no, it is a certain fign of the SinDistributive; as, Ternos, Thirds; Quadernos, Fourths;gular Number, v. g. a Cála, the Honfe; o Templo, Sénos, Sixes, &c.

the

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So

the Church; ao Templo, to the Church; da Cáfa, from Note, That fometimes the Jame Pronoun admits of a the Houfe do Templo, from the Church; na Cá- Dative, or Accufative extraordinary, as, me, without fa, in the House; no Templo, in the Church; and as any other Particle; as for Example, Nam me cúro oft as thefe Particles antecede a word by an additio- diffo ou nam me cúro eu diffo, I care not for this; nals, they denote the Plural Number, v. g. as Cáfas, os nam me vay náda niffo, this doth not concern me. Templos, aos Templos, &c. which likewife is the fame, likewife in the Plural Number, nam nôs curámos if any Adjective interpofe, v. g. de grande Cáfa, from d'iffo ou nam nós curámos nós d'iffo, we care not for a great House; de grandes Calas, from great Houses; this; nam nós vay náda n'iffo, this doth not concern us. de grande Templo e de grandes Templos, &c. Sometimes alfo á mim is added in the Singular, and a Where you may note, That the Particle de ferves both nos in the Plural Number, v.g. Nam me vay a mim Numbers; as, de Cáfa, de Cáfas, de Templo, de Tem- náda n'iffo, this doth not at all concern me; nam nós plos; which likewife is obfervable in the following Par- vay á nós náda n'iffo, this doth not concern us. ticles, v. g. Péra, for; em, in; com, with; fem, with- Sometimes in lieu of the Pronoun Eu, I, thefe Partiout; péra a Cála ou as Cálas, em Cáfa ou fem Cá- cles mo, ma, in the Singular, & mos, mas, in the Flufa, com Cála ou com Cásas, fem Cáfa ou fem Cá-ral Number, are made use of v. g. Muy cáro venfas, &c. déomo, i. c. líuro, he fold it me very dear, i. e. the So that this General Rule may take place, that where Book; muy cára vendéoma ou vendéoma muy cára, the Letter s terminates the word, it is the Plural Num-i. c. féda, be fold it me very dear, i. e. the Silk; Jo in ber, and where not, it is the Singular, v. g. Terras the Plural, Vendéomos muy cáros ou muy cáros mos lárgas, great Countries; Templos famólos, famed vendéo, i. e. livros, he fold them me very dear, i. e. Churches; Hómens doútos, learned Men Molheres the Books; vendéomas muy caras ou muy cáras mas virtuófas, vertuous Women. Examples of the Jecond vendéo, i. e. as fédas, be fold them me very dear, i. e. fort are, Terra fertil, a fruitful Land; Templo fer- the Silks. mólo, a beautiful Church; Homem doúto, a learned Man; Molhér bóa, a good Woman, &c.

2.

The Pronoun Tu, thou, is thus declined. In the Singular Number, Nominative Tu, thou; Gen. de ti, of There are fome Exceptions to this Rule of feveral Words, thee; Dat. á ti ou pára ti, to thee; Accuf. péra ti ou that being of the Singular Number end with an sati, thee; Voc. O tu, O thou; Ab. de ti, of or from thee; as for Example, Déos, God; Cáys, a Key on the hoar; em ti, in thee; fem ti, without thee; contigo, with Arrays, the Master of a Boat; Gys, Chalk; Cufcús, a thee. In the Plural, Vos, ye or you; Gen. de vos, of Jort of eatable Flower that comes from Africa Alcaçús, or from you; em vos, in you; fem vós, without you; Liquorish, &c. as alfo proper Names, as, Fernández, convófco, with you. Méndez, Rodríguez, Pigrez, together with feveral irregular names and words, which appearing to be of the Plural Number, have a Singular Signification, as will be feen bereafter.

a

It likewife admits both in the Singular and Plural, Dative and Accufative Cafe, without any other Parti cle, v. g. te & vos; Example, Dóuto de gráça ou de graça to dou, i. e. o livro, I give thee the Book freely, I give it thee freely; douta de gráça ou de graça ta dou, i. e. feda, I give it thee freely, that is, the Silk; and fo in the Plural, Doútos de graça, de graça tos dou, i. c. os livros, dóutas de graça, de graça dou, i. e. as fédas, I give thee them freely, i. e. the Silks.

tas

The next that will follow in order are Participles and Pronouns, the one partaking of the Noun and the Verb, the other of the Substantive and Adjective; the Participle is expreffed more at large than the Latin, as, o que Ama, loving; o que Amava, which loved; o que Lé, reading; o que Lia, which did read; altho' not improperly fome write o Amánte & a Amánte, the Lover; In the fame form the Particles lho & lha are commono Lénte & a Lénte, the Reader. The Preterperfectly used; as, doúlho de gráça, & doúlha de gráça, I Tenfe, as loved or read is thus expressed, Cóufa amáda, give it him freely. and coufa lído.

The Participle of the Future-tenfe, As, I am about to Love, or I am about to Read, thus; Hey de már, hey de ler. In the Paffive Voice, To be loved, and to be read, thus, O que ha de fer amádo ou lído.

Pronouns are partly Primitive, and partly Derivative; the Primitive as follows, Eu, I; tu, thou; fi, him; 'efte ou 'efta, this; eftoútro ou eftoútra, the other; elle ou ella, aquélle ou aquélla, he or she; as effe ou effa, he or she; o méfmo and a inéfma, the fame.

It is to be noted, The Pronoun vós is ufual both for a Singular and Plural Number; Example, Vos faréys ifta, thou shalt do this; in the Plural to many, Vós fareis ifto, you shall do this.

The Pronoun fi, bim, admits of no Nominative or Voca tive in either Number, but is thus declined; Gen. De fi, of him; Dat. a fi ou péra fi, to him; Accuf. péra fi ou á fi, bim; Ablat. de fi, of or from him; em ti, in him; configo, with him.

It likewife admits of a Dative and Accufative withPronouns derived from their Primitives, are as fol-out any other Particle; Example, Nam fe cúra d'iffo low, Méu & minha, mine; téu & túa, thine; féu & ou nam fe cúra elle d'iffo, he cares not for this; nam fúa, bis; nóffo & nóffa, ours; vóflo & vóffa, yours. fe lhe dá d'iffo nam fe lhe dá á élle d'illo, the fame. To which may be added, of our Country, or your Coun- In the Plural, Nam fe cúram d'iffo nam fe cúram try, expreffed by a Periphrafis, Os da nóffa térra ou élles d'iffo, They are not concerned at it, or care not for parcialidade, os da vófla térra ou parcialidade.

The Portugueze Pronoun Adjectives are declined like other Adjectives, but the Substantives are anomolous and irregular as for instance, in the Pronoun, Eu, I, Nominative; Genitive, de mim, of me; Dative, a mim ou péra mim, to me; Accufative, péra mim ou á mim, me; Vocative, O'eu, O I; Ablative, de mim ou á mim, from me, or in me; in the Plural Number, nos, "Genitive, de nos, from us; Dative, á nos ou péra nos, to us; Accufative, péra nos ou á nos, us; Vocative, O nos; Ablative, de nos ou com nos ou connófco, from or with us.

Here is likewife ufed the Vocative of the Pronoun, Eu, which in other Languages is feldom met withal, v. g. O ditófo eu, O happy that I am; O mofino de mim, O miferable that I am; O ditófos nos, O happy that

we are, &c.

it.

Note, That the Pronouns, me, te, fi, are often joined with Verbs of the three Conjugations, which in the Infi nitive-mood are terminated with the Syllable fe, v. g. Affanhárfe, to be exasperated; entreterle, to be detained; abrírfe, to be opened. It is also usual to say, Eu me affanho, I am exasperated; elle fe affánha, Be is exafperated; So in the Plural, Nos nos affanhámos, we are exrfperated; vos vos affánhays, you are exafperated; elles fe affánhão, they are exasperated.

The Pronouns Elle, aquélle, étte, éffe, he, this or that; befides their ordinary Declinations as Adjectives, have fome frequent and peculiar Irregularities to be ta ken notice of; v. g. Elle is in common Speech explained by the Particle, lhe in the Singular, and Thes in the Plu ral; and fometimes a Cafe is added, as, á élle and á élles; Example,, Nam fe lhe dá d'iffo, and namn fs Bbbb

The

Grammatica Anglo-Lufitanica.

lhe dá á élle d'iffo, he cares not for it; fo in the Plural, Nam fe lhes da d'iffo ou nam fe lhes dá á élles d'iffo, they care not for it, or value it not.

Obferve that the Particle O and os are often equivolent to a élle and á élles; Example, Eu o mataréy ou eu o mataréy á élle, I will kill him; fo in the Plural, Eu os mataréy ou eu os mataréy á élles, I will kill them. The fame in the Feminine, Eu a mataréy á élla, and eu as mataréy á éllas, I will kill her or them.

To which may be added, that the Pronoun Elle joined to the Primitive Tu, makes use of the Spanish Particles, lo, los, la, las; Example, Eu volo mataréy, vóla mataréy, I will kill him or her for you; fo in the Plural, Eu vólos ou vólas matarey, I will kill them for you; the Letter s being loft in both Numbers.

of an Houfe, ou da Cáfa, of the Houfe; Dat. á Cáfa ou péra á Cála, to the House, Accuf. á Cála ou péra á Cála, the Houfe; Vocat. ô Cála, O House; Ablat. de Cála, of or from a Houfe; da Cáfa, of or from the Houfe; em Cáfa na Cála, in, in the House; com, with; fem, without a House.

In the Plural, Nom. as Cáfas, the Houses; Gen. de Cálas, of Houfes; ou das Cáfas, of the Houfes; Dat. as Cálas ou as Cáfas, to the Houses; Accuf. as Cálas ou as Cáfas, ou péra as Cáfas, the Houses; Vocat. ô Cálas. O Honfes; Ablat. de Cálas, of or from Houfes; das Cáias, of or from the Houfes; nas Cálas, in the Houfes; com & fem Cáfas, with and without Houses. Thus all Nouns, both Adjective and Substantive, are de clined in this Language.

The Pronoun Aquélle, that, befides its regular De- The Particles, a, o, de, da, do, no, na, serve only for clination with the rest of the Adjectives, hath its peculiar the Singular Number, as, os, aos, das, dos, nas, nos, Irregularities thro' all the Cafes in the Singular Number, for the Plural; but the Particles péra, for or to em, except the Vocative Example, Nom. Aquillo, that in; com, with'; fem, without; ferve both Singular and Genit. d'aquillo, of that; Dat. á aquillo ou péra aquil-Plural.

10, to that; Accuf. péra ifto ou iffo, this; Ablat. d'i- Example, Vou péra a Cáfa, ou péra o Témplo, I fto ou d'iffo, of or from this; fein ifto ou iffo, without go to the Houfe, home or to the Church; Vou péra as this; nifto ou níffo, in this. Cáfas ou péra os Témplos, Igo to the Houfes, or to the Here we may Note, that of all the Pronouns only Eu Churches Mándo em Cála ou en o Templo, Icomand Tu, I and Thou, have the Vocative Cafe in both mand in the House, or in the Church; Mándo em as Numbers, but the rest are wanting in both. Cáfas, ou em os Témplos, I command in the Houfes, or

The other Pronouns; as for Example, Elle, aquélle, in Churches; Tróco a minha herdáde com a cála com efte, effe, this and that, admit of the Adjunctive Parti-o Templo, I change my Inheritance with a Houfe or cles in both Numbers and Genders, No, na, nos, nas, in Church; Troco as minhas herdádes com as Cáfas, fuch a Form, that only the Letter N remains for an In- com os Templos, in the Plural. Fico fem a cáfa ou dication. As for Example, Nelle, nélla, nélles, nél-fem o Templo, I remain without the House or Church las; In it, him or them; in the fame form, Naquélle, fo in the Plural, fico fem as Cáfas fem os Témplos, I naquélla, naquélles, naquéllas, néfte, néfta, remain without Houfes or Churches. néltes, néftas, néffe, neffa, néffes, néffas, &c. The fame use is in the Pronouns that are Neuters only in the Singular Number, v. g. Naquillo, in that; Nitto, in this; Niffo, in this.

We likewife join the word Oútro to the forementioned Pronouns, Aquelle, éfte, éffe; for Example, Aquelloútro, that other; Eftoútro, effoútro, this other.

To know the Termination of Words in this Language, as it is difficult, so it is very neceffary, and therefore in this place hall take notice, first of Substantives, then of Adjectives.

All Subftantives in the Portugueze Tongue end either with the five Vowels, a, e, i, o, u, or thefe five Confonants, l, m, r, f, z; which complicated with the Vowels, make al, el, il, ol, ul; am, em, im, om, um; ar, er, ir, or, ur; as, es, is, os, us; az, ez, iz, oz, uz; Some few end in that imperfect Vowel y.

To which may be added, that to the forefaid Pronouns Eu, I; Tu, Thou; Elle aquélle, be or that; & effe, the fame, are often joined the words méfmo & méfma in the Singular, e os méfmos and as inéfmas in the Plural. A. First, to begin with the Letter a, or aa the DipExample, Eu, tu, élle, aquélle, éffe méfmo, I, thou, thong, many Subftantives, both proper and Appellative, he, that are the same; fo in the Feminine, Ella, aquélla, are terminated by it; as Antónia, Anthony; for a Feéffa méfma; the Plural agrees with the fame; Nos, male, María, Mary; Alma, a Soul; Vida, Life; Vívos, élles, aquélles, effes méfios, we, you, they, fta, Sight; Romaa, a Pomegranate; Maçaa, an Apple; themselves; Feminine, éllas, aquéllas, éffas, méfmas, they, themselves.

Avelaa, a small or Hafel-nut. The Plural is made by the Addition of the Letter s; as Antónias, Marías, Almas, Viltas, and fome write Románs, Maçáns, Aveláns, Pomegranates, Apples, Nuts.

The Declination of Nouns admits not a Variety of Cafes as was ufual with the Romans, but by prefixing the following Particles, a, o, ao, as, aos, de, da, do, dos, E. Several Substantives are terminated with the Vowand thefe Prepofitions, na, no, nas, nos, péra, em, cle, Some proper; as Albuquerque, Duarte, Edward; com, fem, fem fomething equivalent, as will appear by others Diminutive; as Pedrete, of or from Peter, or lit the following Example in the word Templo, a Church; tle Peter; & Francifquéte, the fame of or from Franfingular, N. mafculine; O Templo, a, or the Church cis, or little Francis. Others Appellative; as Barréte, Nom. Gen. do Templo, of the Church; Dat. ao Tém-a Cap; Capote, a Cloak; Basbáque, a Fool; and plo, ou péra o Templo, to the Church; Accuf. oTem- many others, which to make the Plural Number only adplo ao Templo, and péra o Templo, the Church; Voc. mit of the Letter s; as Barrétes, Caps; Capótes, o Templo, O Church; Ablat. de Templo, of or from Cloaks, Basbáques, &c. Jo in proper Names; as Albua Church; no Templo, in the Church; em Templo, quérques, Duártes, Francifquétes, Pedrétes. in a Church; com Templo, with a Church; fem Témplo, without a Church.

I, Terminates very few Subftantives in the Singular Number; as Thalí, a Belt; Nebrí, an Hawk; Rubí, a Ruby, Biberequí, an Augre, Wimble or Piercer.

Y, Likewife bath its place in feveral words; as Pay, Father; May, Mother Ley, Lan; Rey, King; Grey, Flock or Herd. The former make their Plurals in iys, as Thalíys, Nebríys, Rubíys, Biberequíys, the latter in ys; as Pays, Mays, Leys, Reys, Greys.

a

So in the Plural Number, os Témplos, the Churches; Gen. de Témplos ou dos Témplos, of Churches, or of the Churches; aos Templos ou péra os Templos, to the Churches Accuf. os Templos, aos Templos, and péra os Templos, the Churches; Voc. O Templos, Churches; Ablat. de Témplos, of or from Churches; dos Témplos, of or from the Churches; em Templos, O. The Letter o hath no want of Words for its Terin Churches; nos Templos, in the Churches; com, mination: First, proper, as António, Bénto, &c. then with; and fem Templos, without Churches. After Appellative; as, Banco, a Stool; Livro, a Book; Préthe fame manner all Portuguéze Words are declined. go, a Nail; which are made Plural by the Addition of Example, of the Feminine Gender in the word Cafa, the Letters; as Báncos, livros,, pregos; Stools, Books, a Houfe; Nom. a Cáfa, a, or the House; Gen. de Cáfa,| Nails; and fo in many Thousands, &c.

u. The