Designing Inclusion: Tools to Raise Low-end Pay and Employment in Private EnterpriseEdmund S. Phelps Cambridge University Press, 27. 11. 2003 An inclusion failure has become highly visible in the advanced economies of the West. Too many able-bodied people are subject to chronic joblessness and, when employed, cannot earn a living remotely like that in the mainstream of the population. One policy response has been to give such workers a range of goods and services without charge, another has been to single out some groups for tax credits tied to their earnings. However, many of the welfare programs actually weaken people's incentive to participate in the labour force and wage-income tax credits appear to have made hardly a dent in joblessness. This volume brings together leading economists to present four studies of methods to rebuild self-sufficiency and boosting employment: a graduated employment subsidy, a hiring subsidy and subsidies for training and education. It is of interest to anyone with a serious interest in the economics of subsidies to raise inclusion. |
Obsah
Introduction | 1 |
1 Lowwage employment subsidies in a laborturnover model of the natural rate | 16 |
2 Taxes subsidies and equilibrium labor market outcomes | 44 |
using variation induced by the EITC to distinguish between models of skill | 74 |
4 Unemployment vouchers versus lowwage subsidies | 131 |
| 161 | |
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Designing Inclusion: Tools to Raise Low-end Pay and Employment in Private ... Edmund S. Phelps Náhled není k dispozici. - 2007 |
Designing Inclusion: Tools to Raise Low-end Pay and Employment in Private ... Edmund S. Phelps Náhled není k dispozici. - 2003 |
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1994 EITC schedule 5-year age period assume assumption earnings economy effects of EITC EITC EITC EITC on skill EITC program employed employer employment subsidy entry effects equal equation equilibrium estimates Figure firms first-best function G₁ Heckman high-school hiring subsidy human capital impacts inclusion income effects increase initial wage intensive margin investment job creation job destruction kink labor market labor supply LBD model learning-by-doing leisure low-skill low-wage subsidy marginal cost market tightness match ment models of skill OJT model opportunity cost optimal parameters payroll tax percent Period 5-year age phase-in region phase-out region Phelps Pissarides plateau region ployment Porath model present value productivity reduce Simulated effects simulations based skill formation skill group substitution effects supply of wealth Table Tax Credit tax rates tax-subsidy type-i worker underground economy unem unemployed unemployment rate unemployment voucher wage rates wage subsidies wage tax wealth effects zero-profit curve