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and had nothing to sustain it but the assertion of two Indians, it was necessarily rejected, and after a careful examination and research concerning the intermediate water courses, we returned to the real Alca-sak-a-li kie. The morning on which we prepared to ascend this creek, the Indians took a friendly leave, alleging they should subject themselves to severe punishment, if they countenanced our proceedings by their presence. traced the windings of the creek to its head, distant from the mouth, measuring along the course about 20, and in a direct line, probably about 14 or 15 miles. After the necessary preparations were made, the line was run and effectually marked from the head of Al-ca sak a-li-kie to the Ocmulgee-the course north 38 east, the distance nine and a fourth miles, striking the river about 18 miles below Hartford-at this point, consider. ing the remarkable circumstance that the Indian guard, which was promised for our protection, had not made their appearance, and that our pro visions were nearly exhausted, and that in 30 or 40 miles of our route, there was no reasonable prospect of meeting with water, the United States' commissioner, with our concurrence, determined to postpone attempting the residue of the line for a short period, until he could make arrangements, which must ensure its completion.

This measure presents no impediment to the proceedings of the legislature respecting the land compromised, as part of the line is determined and the situation of the whole can be exhibited on the map with sufficient accuracy.

We have the honor to be, with high esteem, your excellency's most obedient, &c.

WM. GREEN,
HEZ. LUCKY, S

State Comm'rs.

From the National Intelligencer.
BANK OF THE UNITED STATES.
From a further examination of the report, from
the Treasury Department, respecting the state
and condition of the Bank of the United States,
we have gathered a few additional particulars,
which may be interesting to some of our readers.
The amount of deposites in the Bank and its
branches is as follows:

Un account of the Treasurer of
United States,

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$7,393,417 06

On account of collectors and other

Charleston,

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Savannah,

On account of individuals,

3,801,911 68

Lexington,

Louisville,

Chilicothe,

$1,745,375 73

19,301 77 271 155 66

4,515 64

37,351 71 747,846 48

402.969 92

269,522 77

81.843 68

99,866 22 96,219 41 68 802 85

Total, $13,128,502 69

Of this amount, $8,490,253 89 is deposited at the mother bank. To understand the reason of this large deposite, it is necessary to state, that the moneys deposited in the Bank, its offices and agent banks, to the 30th June last, is placed to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States, on the books of the bank at Philadelphia. The fol lowing list shows where the money was deposited which composed the Treasurer's balance on the 30th of September:

At the Bank of the United States $2,500,809 78

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Cincinnati,

New Orleans,
Pittsburgh,

415.816 60

167.550 64

148,939 49

845,669 73

594,858 44

186,467 20

The total amount of debts due to the Bank of

the United States, including the notes of state banks, the differences between the balances dne to and by state banks, and the funded debt part of the capital, is stated at $54,964,987 69.

To this item the following note is annexed in the Report: "The debt due by the Bank of Columbia has ately been transferred to the books of the Bank of the United States at Philadelphia."

499,653 69 119.764 60 The following is a letter from the President of 63,950 70 the Bank of the United States, accompanying the 1,005,896 87 report to Congress of the state of the bank, from 165,296 66ich we have already extracted all the tabular 212,929 30 statements which appeared to be materially im66,426 58"portant:

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Bank of the United States, Nov. 11, 1818. sources in protecting the debtor banks, and in liSin-I have the honor to transmit the state- quidating these immense balances, by actual rements required by the resolution of the senate ofmittances to the eastward, in specie and bills at the 15th of April, a copy of which you were par, as the only possible means of maintaining pleased to communicate in your letter of the 11th what had been so happily begun. In the mean of July last. time, the public deposites in the banks of those places, which had been transferred to the bank of the United States, and the revenue subsequently collected in the same, were chiefly expended in the cities east of the Susquehanna.

The statements are numbered in the order of the several members of the resolution, and the details and accompanying remarks, it is consider. ed, will render them perfectly intelligible.

These circumstances have constantly maintain.

In respect to the payments, made on account of the cash part of the second and third instaled so great a demand for exchange in the eastern ments of the capital of the bank, it is impossible to designate the amount actually paid in coin.

When the second instalment became due, the bank of the United States was in operation, and had issued a large amount of its notes: bills were also discounted, and passed to the credit of individuals, and specie received on deposite; there fore, the notes of, and checks on the bank, were equivalent to specie, and would have drawn out the specie to pay the cash part of the instalments. if the literal formality of paying in specie had been required. The general course pursued by the subscribers was to deposite the coin and notes in the bank, and draw a check for the precise a mount of the cash part of the instalment.

cities, that the directors have been unable to extend the discount at the offices at New York and Boston, as they have earnestly desired to do, without getting into debt to the banks of those places, and incurring the immediate liability to a demand of payment in specie, of the large importations of which, by the bank of the United States at a great expense, not one dollar has been expended south or west of Philadelphia. It is a fact, corroborated by the experience of all banks, that their operations must necessarily be regulated by those of the banks in their immediate vicinity, otherwise, those which are most prudent or parsimonious, will become the creditors of those who are the most liberal or extravagant; the consequence of which is, an immediate specie responsibility The bank of the United States and its offices do not form an exception to this rule, and facts have demonstrated, that a bank of very limited resources, governed by an avaricious policy, and applying its means, not to the purpose of public accommo dation, but to the traffic in specie, by collecting the bills of other banks, drawing out the specie for sale, and repeating the operation daily, may subject the largest capital to incessant contribu tion. It is conceived, that what has been said will In the statements exhibiting the debts due to satisfactorily prove, that the bank of the United the bank and its offices, the amount of bills dis-States could not remit and liquidate debts of the counted bears an undue proportion to the relative southern, western, and middle sections, to the trade and importance of the respective places;|| eastern cities, and, at the same time, loan a large but the efforts of the board of directors to pro- | additional capital to the latter: and that, if the lat duce a more equal apportionment have beenter have not participated in the loans of the bank, counteracted by circumstances which they could in proportion to their great wealth and commerce, not control, the origin of which may be referred they have at least derived as substantial benefits to the state of the currency, and of domestic ex- from the operations of the bank, as any other secchange, at the period immediately preceding the tion of the Union establishment of the bank; the consequence of! which are yet visible in the monied operations of those places.

The banks in the principal cities resumed spe cie payments on the 20th February, 1817, and the third instalment became due on the 1st of July following; their notes were, of course, received in all payments due to the bank and to the revenue, and also on deposite, for which specie was liable to be drawn; of course, the notes of, and checks on the bank of the United States, and the notes of the banks actually paying specie, were indis criminately received, with gold and silver, in payment of the cash part of this instalment.

In regard to the discount on bills, secured by the pledge of public and corporate stocks, it is respectfully observed, that these loans originated in the sudden redemption of $13,000,000, of the tunded debt, part of the capital of the bank, with the public funds which had been transferred to the bank in the manner represented.

The funds of the cities east of Philadelphia, de rived from the sale of their important commoditics, had been suffered to accumulate during the late var, and, until the establishment of the bank, chiefly in the cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore, This event took place a few months after the to an immense amount, in anticipation of that e- bank had commenced its operations, when few of vent, and the prospects entertained of the conse-its offices were in operation, and while the cir quent improvement in the currency. The pub-cumstances of the institution precluded the possi lic revenue had also accumulated in the middle bility of an equitable distribution of its capital. and western sections of the United States, to the amount of many millions, particularly in the banks of Philadelphia, Paltimore, and the district of CoJumbia: and the banks of those places were great. ly indebted to those to the eastward of them, respectively.

It, therefore, became a desirable object to em. ploy this capital for the benefit of the institution, without delay, and the only question which the case appeared to involve, was, whether the loans ought to be made on the collateral security of public and corporate stocks, or on the more preShortly after this period, as you will recollect, carious security of mere personal responsibility, sir. the banks of New York, Philadelphia, Balt where that species of accommodation did not ap more, and Virginia, agreed to resume specie pav. pear to admit of so great an extension. The ments on the 20th of February, under a special board determined upon the former course, and agreement with the bank of the United States, proceeded to discount bills on the pledge of which, in order to bring about this desirable and stock, without regard to persons or place, and inindispensable event, engaged its credit and re-discriminately to the extent which it was offered,

Masters for service
Physicians
Surgeons retired
Surgeons for service
Assistant surgeons
Dispensers of hospitals
Hospital mates
Pursers
Chaplains

Ships of various descriptions in
commission

UPPER CANADA.

643-142 empld.

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and of course the greatest loans have been where
the greatest am iut of stock was held. The
whole amount of the loans on pledged stock of
every description, have not at any time reached,
by two millions, the amo nt of fiinded debt re
deemed by the government, although the original
amount of the funded debt part of the capital of
the bank, was intended to have been $28,000 000
To have loaned these funds in New York and
Boston, would have required their previous con-
version into specie, or the funds of those cities,
which, from the course of exchange, and the ex-
traordinary demand for specie, was impracticable;
and, to have demanded the immediate payment
of specie due by the banks in Philadelphia. Bal-
timore, District of Columbia, and the western
country, would have been to require impossibili-enumerated as subject to duty:
ties. The funds were, therefore, loaned where
they were current, and in their operation pro-
duced the gradual diminution of the debts due
by the banks in those places, to the bank of the
United States, which they had not the ability to
discharge, in specie, on demand. The reason
why no
part of the coin in possession of the
bank, is exhibited in the statement No 2, of the
existing capital of the bank, is assigned in the
note annexed to that statement; but the whole
amount of specie in the bank and its offices at
that time, was $2.815,208 96, as exhibited in the
general statement rendered to the department.
The crisis in which the directors of the bank of
the United States have acted, has been one of pe-
culiar delicacy and difficulty! The policy and ef-
fect of their administration, cannot be appreciated
by any abstract view of any single measure: it
must be taken in connexion with every other
which it involves. They have earnestly endeavor.
ed to promote the interests of the public and of
the institution, but they disc aim the presumption
that would exempt them from error.

From Montreal, Dec. 12, 1818.-We find an act has passed settling the rates and duties on articles imported from the United States into Upper Canada. The following are a few of the articles

I have the honor to remain, with great respect, sir, your obedient servant,

WM. JONES, President.

The hon. Wm. H Crawford,
Secretary of the Treasury, Washington City.

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Beer, Ale, or Porter in casks, 6d per gallon.
Beer, Ale, or Porter in bottles, 9d per gallon.
Cable and tarred rope, 2d per pound.
Cordage untarred, 2d per pound.
Plaving cards, 1s per pack.
Tallow candles, 5d per pound.
Cider, 5s per bbl of 36 gallons.
Sole leather, 3d per pound.
Calf skins, and other skins, dressed as upper
leather, 1s 3d per pound.
Harness leather, 4d per pound.
Vails, 1d per pound.

Salt, 6 per bushel of 37 pounds.
Snuff, 24 per pound.

Manufactured tobacco, 5d per pound.

And all other goods, wares, or merchandise, not herein before enumerated, the growth, produce, and manufacture of the United States of America, a duty of ten pounds for every hundred pounds, ad valorem, on the said goods, wares, and merchandise, being the growth, produce, or ma nufactures of the said United States of America.

HOME AFFAIRS.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Harrisburg, Dec. 3, 1818-This day, at twelve o'clock, the Governor transmitted to both Houses of the Legislature, by the Secretary of the Commonwealth, the following

MESSAGE:

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Fellow Citizens,

The beneficence of Divine Providence continues to be extended to our country in the ge neral diffusion of health, the blessings of peace, and the abundant fruits of the earth, and demands 2 employed. our devout acknowledgments.

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In observing the federal administration pursuing an enlightened and impartial course of policy, neither indulging ambition, nor evincing timidity; ready to do justice to other nations, and to redress the wrongs and maintain the rights and independence of our own; and as public agents of Pennsyl vania, witnessing the protection every worthy man enjoys in his person, his religion, his labor, and his property, and tracing the gradual extension of her settlements, and the rapid progress of internal improvements; a fair occasion is presented to us for mutual congratulation.

This period of tranquillity and prosperity af. fords an opportunity, and strongly invites us to persevere in the measures that have been commenced, and to adopt such others as may be demed necessary for the promotion of the happiness

is correct in a government to punish offences without making an effort to enable the people to acquire a knowledge of the laws and their rela ive duties in society.

The defects in the administration of civil just ce continue to be a topic of complaint. Wheth er this arises from radical errors in the organiza. ion of the whole, or any part of our judiciary system, or from the rules of practice adopted un ler it; the true cause ought to be sought, and a proper remedy afforded. It must be obvious, that, however equitable and salutary our laws may be, their beneficial effects may be greatly dimiashed, unless our public tribunals, by whatever naine they may be calicd, be organized in such a for and their proceedings regulated in such a manner, that they may expeditiously and satisfactorily apply the provisions of the laws to the cases tuat arise under them.

The delays incident to the prosecution of suits to a final determination, amount, in some instanIt is ascertain

of the people; the true and legitimate end of a republican government. To the attainment of this, the establishment of a system of education as enjoined by the constitution, is essential, an has been but partially complied with. It is a tas of general notoriety, that there is not a seminar of learning in the interior of the state, in which the preparatory education considered by several sects of christians as indispensable to the licensing a preacher of the Gospel, or which is necessary for the higher branches of mechanics, can be ac quired Of course many of our youth who have those pursuits in view, as well as others who are desirous of obtaining a liberal education, resort to the colleges of our sister states; thereby add ing to the expense of their collegiate education and withdrawing the amount of it from the circulating medium of our own state. The cause of religion, therefore the interests of general science, and of the useful and ornamental arts, as well as the principles of economy, urge me to supes for your consideration, either the reliev-ces, nearly to a denial of justice ing of Dickinson College, at Carlisle. from its pe ed. from authentic sources, that one hundred and cuniary embarrassments, so as to e: able it to re seventy suits in error are now pending before the sume its functions on a secure and respectable supreme court, the period of the decision of which basis; or, what might be more conducive to the is so distant and uncertain, that the procrastinacredit of the commonwealth, and to the publiction may prove ruinous to many worthy suitors. benefit, the consolidating the funds and interests As a remissness of duty has not been alleged or of two or more of our literary institutions, under insinuated against the judges of the court, this such modifications as they would approve, and es- serious and growing evil must be attributed to tablishing an university in a central part of the some other cause, which it is worthy the wisdom state. An institution of this nature, should be en- of the legislature to trace, and their duty to redowed in such a manner that the tutors or pro fessors may not be entirely dependent on the casual profit of tuition, or the number of students, which might operate against the maintenance of good order and discipline, nor yet so liberaby that they would have no motive lef for individual exertion; and its departments should be so a ranged that the different grades of education, from the rudiments of grammar, to the highest scientific and professional learning, might be attained.

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As agriculture and manufactures are the great sources of wealth, and the only solid foundation of our comforts and independence, they are par. ticularly entitled to the fostering care of government. The power of cherishing and protecting manufactures, on an extended scale, or beyond those of the household directly connected with agriculture, belongs more immediately to the general, than the state government. Agriculture, To provide for the education of the poor, gra. ||the basis of manufactures, and the most esser tial tuitously, is also a duty equally imperative and of all the arts to the general welfare, is fully withimportant. This subject has at different periods in the scope of our constitutional powers to aid occupied the attention of the legislature: but the and encourage,, and has a strong claim to legisla measures hitherto adopted, have not proved com tive patronage. Pennsylvania, from the free prin mensurate with the laudable motives by which ciples of ner political institutions, her genial clithey were dictated. The diversity of languages, mate, the fertility of her soil, and the enterprize taught in the state, with other circumstances, pre of her citizens, without having received any di sent great difficulties in establishing a general rect support from the government, more than the system, that would be wholly free from objection; common protection afforded to labor and properbut, I trust, they are not insurmountable." Con ty, deservedly sustains the character of an agricentrating, as you do, a knowledge of the local cultural state. The knowledge, however, of the situation, and views of the people in every quai-art of husbandry, may be improved; aud it is not ter of the s'ate, aided by the light derived from only the interest, but should be the pride, of the experiments made by your predecessors, you must || representatives of an agricultural people, to probe competent, and, I trust. desirous, to devise a mote its advancement Though the art may be system that will accommodate the wants, and fa-e.lightened and assisted by science, it is not from vor the wishes of every section of the common-speculation and theories alone, but from various wealth Arduous and difficult as the task may and repeated experiments, together with close be, its perform ance would bring with it an ample observation, that a proper knowledge of it is to reward Education has such an influence in im- be attained. The expense of making such expe- · proving and expanding the intellectual power riments, frequently uncertain in their results, few and in infusing into youthful and untainted minds. individuals have the ability or inclination to encorrect ideas of religion, justice and honor, that counter. It might therefore be advantageous, if crimes are not so frequently associated with it as the commonwealth were to purchase within her with ignorance and debasement of mind. The limits, several small farms, situated in différent general dissemination of information, by enabling latitudes and embracing various qualities of soil, all to become acquainted with their duties and and place them under the superintendence of rights, tends to prevent the commission of crimes an effect not to be expected from penal laws alone. It may indeed be questioned, how far it

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ards of managers, or voluntary societies, formd for the purpose, with directions respectively to make experiments of the effects of native ma

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S vatura on the Susquehanna, which some had itherto deemed impracticable. It is alleged that those two rivers may be also connected by a canal from Mill Creek, at the head of the Schuylkill, to a certain point on the Susquehanna.

mures; of the different modes of tillage; of the cul nunication can be effected from the mouth of the tivation of grains and grasses; of breeding domes-utpehocken on the Schuylkill, to the mouth of tic animals; of rearing fruit trees; of the preservation of fruits; of the utility of newly invented in plements of husbandry, intended to facilitate or abridge labor; of the cheapest and most durable mode of fencing; and whatever else may be can nected with agriculture; and p_riodically to pub lish the results, with observations thereon. expenses of such establishments would be trivial, when compared with the knowledge that migh be thereby acquired and diffused on a subject in which every citizen is deeply intercseed. To encourage and stimulate indust. V, the great spring of the improvement and extension of agri culture, easy and safe channels of transportation for the products of the sou to a certain market, are indispensable-By the bounty of former le gislatures, and the meritorious exertions of companies incorporated for the purpose, about nine hundred and eighty miles of turnpike road have been completed, and numerous elegant and sub stantia! bridges erected across our principal streains. But much still remains to be perform ed. The completion of roads, that are now from want of funds progressing slowly under the direction of companies, might, by an accession there to, be accelerated, and the public interest pro moted.

It is also

It has been likewise said by a skilful engineer, that a canal coil! be made, leading from the Susquehanna at the town of Columbia by the city of Lancaster, to the waters of the Delaware. If the Delaware, by means of the Schuylkill, or other. wise, can be united with the waters of the Susquehanna, it produces a powerful incentive for connecting the latter with the Allegany; which is considered practicable by various routes.-ist. By the Frankstown branch of Juniata, and the Conemaugh: 2d, Sineemahoning and Toby's creek: 3d, By the north branch of Sinnetoaboning and a stream that flows into the Allegany, designated in its vicinity by the name of Potato creek: 4th, by Pine creek, which approaches near to the sources of the Allegany. considered practicable to connect the waters of Lake Erie with those of the Allegany river. by French creek, or by the Chetaque lake and Conewango creek. If the latter route should be preferred, the previous consent of the state of New York would be necessary; which, from her known Internal navigation affords the cheapest, the liberality, could doubtless be obtained. In some, most certain, and the most expeditious mode of and perhaps in all of these routes, short portages transportation; yet there has not been much ef- might be necessary. It is, however, said, with fected towards its improvement, notwithstanding some degree of confidence, by those who have a the number, relative situations and diversified local knowledge of the country and the different Courses of our streams, are admirably well calcu- streams, that a water communication may be openlated for the purpose. When you reflect on the ed from Philadelphia to Lake Erie, without the laudable spirit of enterprize, displayed on this in-interruption of a single portage. The waters of teresting subject, by some of our neighboring the Potomac. as a branch of this great system of states, I am persuaded you will concur with me water communication, might also be connected in the opinion, that to avail ourselves of the bewith the Susquehanna by means of the Coneconefits that may be derived from our local posi- || cheague and the Comedoguinet creeks; the Conetion, and the other natural advantages wh ch we cocheangue being tributary to the Potomac, and possess, a general and comprehensive system for navigable, at certain seasons, up to and within the improvement of our internal navigation ought the limits of our state. to be adopted; and that after a proper plan of The distance from the Susquehanna at Harrisoperations is maturely formed, it should be uni-burgh, to the point at which the Conecocheague formly adhered to and steadily prosecuted. crosses the line between Maryland and Pennsyl The idea of connecting the western waters of vania, is about 65 miles, and the ground remarkathe Ohio and the great Lakes with the tide water bly level. I have also understood from sources of the Delaware, at or near the city of Philadel-entitled to respect, that those rivers might be phia, has been often suggested, and many believe it to be practicable. There is no object of public improvement more worthy the energies and enterprize of the legislature, and the active industry of the citizens, or one that when accomplished || would be productive of more beneficial conse quences. It would link together, and facilitate the intercourse between the various parts of our territory; be invaluable, in every point of view, intains her ascendency in capital over the southern tine of peace; and, during war, enable us to transport our means of defence or annoyance to any part of the state with expedition and safety. The celerity with which the Schuylkill Navigation Company has progressed in their undertaking, promises an earlier completion of it than was an ticipated; and furnishes probable evidence of the uality of their plan for improving the navigation of rivers. The Union Canal Company have re cently ascertained, from accurate levels taken, that a sufficiency of water is attainable on the sum nit level between the Schuylkill and Susque hanna, to supply a canal of proper dimensions; which warrants the expectation that a water com

connected east of the South Mountain, by the Monocosey, and Conewago, the head waters of which nearly overlock. It is obvious, that the connexion of these rivers between any of the points, would draw some of the products of two of our sister states, and of several counties in our own state, which now find a market elsewhere, to the city of Philadelphia, so long as that city main

seaports. The improvement of the navigation of the rivers referred to, with their tributary streams, within the jurisdiction of the state, as far up and as near to their sources as possible, would form an essential part of the general system, and widely diffuse the advantages resulting from it

In presenting a view of this extensive system of internal improvement, for your consideration, f am aware, that if approved of, it cannot, from our present resources, be immediately accomplished: but as a measure preparatory to its commencement, which may take place at no distant period, it might be proper, as it would require but a small appropriation, to appoint skilful engineers,

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