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present age, being larger than any vessel in, the world. This ship is completely enclosed by a building 230 feet in length, by 90 bread and 90 high! From this you may judge of her dimensions, as she fills the house. Neither boswsprit nor masts are in-from 110 to 112 ren had been to work on her for 29 days, and in 18 more she would have been launched, when the news of peace arrived. She is so well preserved, (with another of same size, less ad vanced about 3 miles up the bay) that she will be better 5 years hence, than to have her fi nished now, as her timbers will be well seasoned.

ance of our respective duties. To this rule we should invariably adhere. By this course alone, can we expect to obtain the public confidence, or proinote the general prosperity. We are responsible for the public welfare, and should watch over the public interests, afford security to the enjoyment of civil and religious rights, and faithfully seek and promote such measures as will conduce to the happiness of the people. These duties constitute a trust of great responsibility. They involve all the most important interests of society We enter upon these duties at a time peculiarly auspicious to their unbiassed. This village probably contains 1000 or 1200 and successful discharge. No excitement of inhabitants, including the troops, &c There passions or prejudices exists to influence the is something striking in the idea of travelling mind towards measures adverse to the gene300 miles from the ocean, and the further youral interest. The situation and prospects of advance, the country is more like a wilderness, when suddenly through a horrid road you arrive in view of a fine harbor an extensive bay, and an inland ocean, and see a fleet of ships at anchor-This place is vastly improved since the war. They have regular preaching here on the Sabbath, in a School house, and the inhabitants are about building a meeting house. A steam boat goes regularly to King ston-and another to Niagara.

This place was named after the original pur chaser of the soil. He sold out to two persons who now reside here, and are among the first in wealth and consequence. Sacket cleared about 6000 dolls. having purchased the whole village for 2000. Shall take steam boat probably for Gennessee River and Rochester, at 9 this evening. Expect gen. Brown

and suite will be on board.

There are about 500 heavy pieces of ship ordnance here, and a vast quantity of amunition. I should judge 3 or 400 waggons must have been employed in transporting cannon balls alone. The ship timber left, has been collected and put into an enormous pile, 25 feet in height and covering 1 4 acre of ground The expense of this service was over $2000, and in a very few years it will be good for nothing, as there is no covering.

LEGISLATURE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. INAUGURAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR BELL. Gentlemen of the Senate and

our country afford the most pleasing hopes and anticipations. She advances towards the highest summit of national greatness with unexampled progress. We are at peace with all nations, with the most gratifying prospect of a long continuance of a state so highly propitious to the religious, moral, and political interests of society. Negociations have taken place with the European governments possessing territory adjacent to the United States, which promise to eventuate in the amicable adjustment of our controversies with them, and to ascertain the limits of our national territory, and add to our country extensive districts, peculiarly important to us, from their local situation and advantages.

Our commerce, although suffering under temporary causes of depression, still exhibits the enterprize and energy of our national character Our most important manufactures, under the fostering care of a government devoted to the public welfare, have already made a progress which ensures their permanent establishment. Agriculture receives a considerable portion of that attention which it deserves from an enlightened people. The interests of literature, in general partake of the common prosperity. They are interests which will always hold a prominent place in the views of enlightened statesmen, and cannot be neglected without endangering alike, the cause of religion, morality end freedom.

We have abundant cause for congratulation in the share which this state enjoys in the general prosperity The evidences of our progress in improvement, and advancement in prosperity, are numerous and unequivocal.

House of Representatives: Important trusts have been committed to us by our fellow citizens. The general good is the object which we should have in view The splendid public edifice in which you in their discharge. The powers of govern- now for the first time assemble, will add anoment are conferred for this purpose, and ther honorable testimonial to future ages of should be directed to the attainment of this the enlightened public spirit and liberal views end alone. The public good affords the rule of the citizens of New-Hampshire. It reby which we should be guided in the perform-flects honor upon the legislature, and upon

prison keeper in cases where the debtor is unable to pay for this support.

that enlightened chief magistrate under whose auspices it was erected, and who has now reThere seeins no good reason why prisontired from an office, the duties of which he keepers should be compelled, at their own has discharged with honor and usefulness. The primary interest of this state is, and expense, to suppert prisoners who are pauprobably always will be found, in her agricul- pers, whether they were such at the time of ture. Its encouragement has strong claims their commitinent, or were rendered paupers on the attention of the legislature. Its is by that commitment. I would therefore reprovement is intimately connected with the commend to the legislature to make such propreservation of our liberties; and the prospe- vision by law, as will relieve prison-keepers rity of our country. At the last session of from this burden, by imposing it on the towns the legislature, donations were made to the where such prisoners have their legal settleseveral county societies in this state, incor-ments, or upon creditors who may hereafter porated for the promotion of agriculture and commit such debtors to prison without having domestic manufactures. These donations, it any reasonable ground of expectation that is believed, have been productive of much they were of sufficient ability to pay their advantage, in exciting an honorable and use- prison charges. Words used in a will, purporting merely a ful emulation to excel in these pursuits. Per mit me to suggest to you, that similar dona-devise of lands, without designating the quantions at the present session would promote tity of estate intended to be passed, are by a the general interest. It would perhaps be settled legal rule of construction, holden to expedient make in a condition on which such pass only an estate during the life of the dedonations should be received, that the officers visee. This rule of construction seldom exof such societies annually, so long as such ecutes the intention of the testator. Persons donations are continued, should communicate employed to draft wills are often unacquaintto the secretary of this state, the improve-ed with this rule of construction and suppose ments, and the useful results of experiments that the same words which are sufficient to It may pass a title to personal estate, will pass a fee made by their respective societies hereafter be thought proper by the legislature, in real estate. It consequently happens that to appoint a board or committee to examine and digest for publication, such parts of these communications, as shall be thought most conducive to general utility; and at the public expense, cause them to be printed, and sent to the several towns in this state, in the manner now practised in regard to the laws enacted at the several sessions of the legislature. Much useful information might thus be speedily and generally diffused at an inconsiderable expense. Economy is an important virtue in a republican government, but to be a virtue, it must be rational and enlightened, and have a reference to the generally, would afford a remedy. and permanent interests of the people.

legacies of personal estate in a will, take effect according to the intention of the testator, whilst the devisee of the real estate, to whom the testator by the same will, intended to give a fee, takes only an estate for life. This occasions distress and injustice in the distribation of such estates amongst children or relatives. An act providing that words in a will, purporting a devise of lands or real estate, shall be holden to pass a fee, unless it appears from the words used, when taken in their common acceptation, that it was the intention of the devisor to pass a less estate on

By the rules of discipline established by The changes constantly occurring in the congress, and adopted by the law of this state, state of society, as well as the more enlarged it is provided that the companies in each reand correct views of modern times, in rela-giment shall take rank according to the order By the law of tion to the effect and operations of laws, in which they are numbered, must continue to require corresponding al- this state of December 22, 1808, "for arterations and new provisions, in our system ranging, forming, and regulating the militia," of jurisprudence; but innovations should al- it is provided that all commissioned officers shail take rank according to the date of their ways be made deliberately and cautiously. commissions. And it is by the same law further declared, that at all musters of the militia, when more than one company shall be on the parade at the same time, the officers shall be posted with their several companies, and the companies shall take rank according to seniority. Disputes and difficulties having resulted from these conflicting provisions, Ĭ recommend that this law be so amended, as

The ancient land marks of civil rights and duties should not be inconsiderately or hastily removed. Amongst the laws which have occurred to me as standing in need of legislative revision, is that relative to the imprisonment of debtors. By this law, prison-keepers are compelled to afford food and sustenance to persons imprisoned for debt. An oppressive burden is thereby imposed on the

to direct explicitly and unambiguously the rule by which the several companies in a regiment, when on duty together, shall take rank, or be arranged.

even surface next the ground, so that the horse caulks, for either heel or toe or hind feet. The may stand in a natural and easy position. No web of the shoe not so wide as usual, nor so thick nor strong at the heel, and never to project beyond it, in order that the foot may stand

The militia of New Hampshire having sustained a high character for its discipline good order, and patriotism, it is of much impor-perfectly level, and the frog be not prevented tance that the laws should be so modified, and enforced, as to preserve this character unimpaired.

from freely touching the ground. It is as absurd to pare down the frog, as is usuallly done as it would be to pare away the thick skin which nature has spread over the human heel. All the horses in England are now shod according to the above directions.

The engagements of my late judicial office, which continued till since the commencement of your session, have prevented my giving all that attention, which I could have wished, to subjects connected with my first performance of official duty in the office to which my fel-so fully corrects the report of the military assuming The following article from the Detroit Gazette low citizens have been pleased to elect me.jurisdiction over the citizens of the United States, The industry and wisdom of the legislature that we think it due to the officers of the army to will supply this defect, by directing their own republish it. attention to such other subjects requiring legislative regulation as the public good at this time requires; and it will afford me pleasure to unite my best efforts to theirs in the promotion of all such measures as will conduce to the general prosperity. June 7, 1819.

SAMUEL BELL.

Facts relating to the Edinburg Review; abstracted from an article in the Analectic Magazine, for Feb-|| ruary last.

In the year 1812, there were printed of the Edinburg Review, 12,000 numbers-and in 1818 the number was augmented to 19,000 and at the former period the Quarterly Review extended to 6000 and at the latter to 12,000. Both Reviews, it is well known, are republished in the United States-and the Edinburgh is translated into German, and selections from it in French are published at Geneva.

The title of the Edinburg Review was revived from a similar journal, published in 1755, which never extended beyond a single number, already supported by the alliance of Hume Adam Smith, and Ferguson. The modern publication was commenced in October 1802, under the superintendance of an association of young men and the articles in the first num. ber were contributed, it is said by F. Jeffery, Broughman, Horner, Dr. Thomas Brown, the rev. Sidney Smith, Hamilton and others.

From the Detroit Gazette of June 11.

free and excellent government is such, that, perhaps, there will be no period in which political wrangling will cease, or in which a respectable party will not exist, opposed to the executive of the Union. And no candid American, we presume, would wish the total extinction of parties, although their impigning interests do sometimes lead to wicked and malicious acts, and to the establishment of malevolent and ungrounded prejudices. By the existence and collectation of parties, political information is extended to the remotest and least important ramification of society, vigilance is exercised by individuals either from patriotism or vanity, and officers are made careful in the exercise of their occasioned to candid and good men, in consequence respective functions. Much regret, however, is of the wickedness or weakness which leads some politicians, upon trivial grounds, to the most wanton abuse of individuals who deserve well of their country.

THE ARMY.-The form and administration of our

In the New York Evening Post, of May 14, an duce a belief, that the conduct of General Jackson article appears, in which the editor attempts to inin the Floridas has had, and will continue to have a very bad tendency; inasmuch as other military offcers, having witnessed the acquittal of General ges upon our yeomanry. The reasonings and apJackson, would be led to the commission of outraprehensions of the editor of the Evening Post are followed by the publication of some rumours which have reached him, as he states, "in such a way as destitute of foundation." One of these reports to induce him to believe that they are not totally mentions the shooting of a deserter in Florida by order of Colonel King, without extending to him the right of trial by court martial. Another states that a soldier was ducked, without the form of tri

Valuable extract from a late celebrated English publi-al, until he was drowned, for intoxication-this is cation on Horses. Directed to Blacksmiths in Shoeing.

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said to have occurred in the Alabama territoryalone has attracted our attention to the subject. This last report also states the following, which

"Let nothing be cut from the sole, binder or frog, except the loose rotten scale. No "At Greenbay, on the Western side of Lake opening of heels on any occasion-it infallibly Michigan, the military, as the same report states, causes in time the disease called hoof bound. have assumed a complete control over the civil auNo shoes to be fitted on red hot. Shoes al-thority. Citizens have been taken up for real or ways to be made of the best, hard and well wrought iron, with, not a convex, but a flat and

and the punishment of what is called picketing inpretended offences, been tried by courts martial I fiicted upon them. That is, by placing the culprit

on four wooden pins, drove firmly in the ground, with the points exposed above the ground a half or quarter of an inch, over these he is suspended by cords fastened to the thumbs, and when he can no longer sustain himself in the air, he must let his weight down upon the pin."

I was informed, a day or two before the receipt of your lettes, that you was gone to Plymouth; by Miss P. who was obliging enough to inform me in your absence of the particulars of the expedition to the Lower Harbor, against the Men of War.Her narration is executed with a precision and perspicuity which would have become the pen of an

Were we certain this paper would not meet the eye of any but a citizen of Michigan territory, aaocomplished historian. serious contradiction of the above rumour would be I am very glad you had so good an opportunity deemed unnecessary, if not ridiculous; for so frequent of seeing one of our little American Men of War is the communication between this post and Green. Many ideas new to you must have presented bay, that in case of such outrageous conduct on the themselves in such a scene, and you will in future part of officers there, as stated in the above extract, better understand the relations of sea engagements. it would very soon be known to every individual in I rejoice extremely in Dr. Bulfinch's Petition for this community; and the New York Evening Pust leave to open an Hospital. But I hope the busi contains the first intimation respecting it which we ness will be done upon a larger scale. I hope that have seen But a conviction that many citizens of one Hospital will be licensed in every county, if not the United States, whose prejudices are on the side in every town. I am happy to find you resolved to of the editor of the Evening Post, have not oppor-be with the children in the first class Mr. W. and tunities of obtaining correct information relative to Mrs. Q are cleverly through innoculation in this transactions at distant posts, urges us to declare that city. there is not the slightest foundation for the above in- i have one favor to ask, and that is, that in your famous rumour. future letters you would acknowledge the receipt of all those you may receive from me, and mention their dates; by this means I shall know if any of mine miscarry.

However anxious we may be to expose and decry tyrannical acts, especially when they are committed by our own officers, we shall never forego the pleasure of doing justice to those who keep within The information you give me of our friend's rethe pale of their duty; and we shall embrace this rusing his appointment, has given me much pain, opportunity of expressing the pleasure we feel at grief, and anxiety. I believe I shall be obliged to the good understanding which subsists in the terri-follow his example. I have not fortune enough to tory between the civil and military authorities, and the army and citizens.

FROM THE BOSTON CENTINEL.

Two letters from President Adams, written one in in the morning, the other in the evening af the 3d July, 1776.

Mr. Editor-Some years ago having seen in your paper a brilliant paragraph from a letter of the hon. JOHN ADAMS to a Friend, not however for the first time, it having appeared before on many a Fourth of July. I was curious to learn from its venerable author who was that Friend, and also such anecdotes concerning the subject of the letter as he might be willing to communicate. He gratified my curiosity with his accustomed energy on a transaction in which he had taken so distinguished a part. After the death of Mrs. Adams, the accomplished Friend to whom the letter was addressed, he was pleased to send me a copy of it, and of another written to her on the third of July. It is probable that after the loss of such a companion a review of their epistolary correspondence brought to his recollection the inquiries I had made, and the subse. quent conversation, though years had elapsed.Those letters I present to the public, but not with out permission; believing that they will be read|| with much interest on the Forty-Third Anniversary of the grand event which they announced. THOMAS DAWES.

Boston, July 3, 1819.

Philadelphia, July 3, 1776-Your favor of June 17, dated at Plymouth, was handed me yesterday by the post. I was much pleased to find that you had taken a journey to Plymouth, to see your friends in the long absence of one whom you may wish to see. The excursion will be an amusement, and will serve your health. How happy would it have made me to have taken this journey with

you.

support my family, and what is of more importance, to support the dignity of that exalted station.* It is too high and lifted up for me, who delight in nothing so much as retreat, solitude, silence, and obscurity. In private life no one has a right to censure me for following my own inclinations, in retirement, in simplicity, and frugality; but in public life every man has a right to remark as he pleases; at least he thinks so.

Yesterday the greatest question was decided which ever was debated in America; and a greater perhaps never was or will be decided among men. A resolution was passed, without one dissenting colony.

"That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, FREE and INDEPENDENT STATES; and as Free and Independent States they have, and of right out to have, full power to make War, conclude Peace, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things, which other States may rightfully do."

You will see, in a few days, a Declaration, setting forth the causes which have impelled us to this mighty revolution, and the reasons which will justi fy it in the sight of GoD and man. A plan of confederation will be taken up in a few days.

When I look back to the year 1761, and recollect the argument concerning Wits of Assistance in the Superior Court, which I have hitherto considered as the commencement of the controversy between Great Britain and America, and run through the whole period from that time to this, and recollect the series of political events, the chain of causes and effects. I am surprised at the suddenness as well as greatness of this revolution.

Britain has been filled with folly, and America with wisdom; at least this is my judgment; time must determine. It is the will of Heaven that the

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Inspection, in town and county meetings, as well as in private conversations; so that the whole people, in every colony, have now adopted it as their own act. This will cement the Union, and avoid those heats, and perhaps convulsions, which might have been occasioned by such a Declaration six months ago.

two countries should be sundered forever. It may be the will of Heaven that America shall suffer caJamities still more wasting, and distresses still more dreadful. If this is to be the case, it will have this good effect at least, it will inspire us with many virtues which we have not, and correct many errors follies, and vices, which threaten to disturb, disho nor, and destroy us. The furnace of affliction pro- But the day is past. The fourth day of July, duces refinement, in states as well as individuals.—|| 1776, will be a memorable epocha in the History of And the new Governments we are assuming in eve- America. I am apt to believe that it will be celery part, will require a purification from our vices, brated by succeeding generations, as the great Anand an augmentation of our virtues, or they will be niversary Festival-It ought to be commemorated no blessings. The people will have unbounded as the Day of Deliverance, by solemn acts of Devopower. And the people are extremely addicted to tion to God Almighty-It ought to be solemnized corruption and venality, as well as the great. I am with pomp, shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonnot without apprehensions from this quarter. But || fires and illuminations, from one end of this conti. I must submit all my hopes and fears to an overrul-nent to the other, from this time forward forever. ing Providence, in which, unfashionable as it may be, I firmly believe. JOHN ADAMS.

MRS. ADAMS.

PHILADELPHIA, July 3, 1776-Had a Declaration of Independence been made seven months ago, it might have been attended with many great and! glorious effects. We might, before this hour, have formed alliances with foreign States. We should have mastered Quebec, and been in possession of Canada.

You will think me transported with enthusiasm: But I am not. I am well aware of the toil, and blood, and treasure, that it will cost us, to maintain this declaration, and support and defend these States. Yet through all the gloom, I can see the rays of light and glory.-I can see that the end is more than worth all the means: and that posterity will triumph, although you and I may rue, which hope we shall not.

Mrs. ADAMS.

JOHN ADAMS.

The following letter was not intended for publication, but we cannot resist a desire we feel-for reasons which will be obvious to the reader-to record the document in our files; and apologize to our fellow citizen for the liberty we have taken.

You will, perhaps, wonder how such a declaration would have influenced our affairs in Canada; but if I could write with freedom I could easily convince you that it would, and explain to you the manner how. Many gentlemen in high stations, and of great influence, have been duped, by the ministerial bubble of Commissioners to treat. And Quincy, Feb. 16, 1819. in real, sincere expectation of this event, which Respected and beloved Judge Dawes-Inclosed they so fondly wished, they have been slow and are copies of two letters written by me to my Wife, Janguid, in promoting measures for the reduction of one in the morning, the other in the evening of that Province. Others there are in the Colonies the 3d of July, 1776, the day after the vote of Inde. who really wished that our enterprise in Canada pendence was passed in Congress. An extract of would be defeated, that the Colonies might be one of them has been published in the newspapers. brought into danger and distress between two Once on a time upon my stony field hill, you interfires, and be thus induced to submit. Others really rogated me concerning that extract in so particular wished to defeat the expedition to Canada, lest the a manner that I thought you felt a tincture of conquest of it should elevate the minds of the peo-pyrrhonism concerning its authenticity. If you ple too much to hearken to those terms of recon-have still any doubts I will show you the original ciliation which they believed wonld be offered us. letters in my hand writing, whenever you will do These jarring views, wishes, and designs, occasion- me the honor of a visit to Quincy. In those days ed an opposition to many salutary measure, which my principal correspondent was my wife who was were proposed for the support of that expedition, then surrounded by many of the principal potiand caused obstructions, embarrassments, and stu- cians of the age, such as Gen. James Warren, o died delays, which have finally lost us the Pro- Plymouth, and his lady-Dr. Cotton Tufts, of Weymouth-my brother Richard Cranch, of Braintree— and Gen. Joseph Palmer, of Germantown-and many others who were constantly enquiring of her the news from Congress. Whatever related merely to public affairs, she read to them, or suffered them to read.

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All these causes, however, in conjunction, would not have disappointed us, if it had not been for a misfortune, which could not have been foreseen, and perhaps could not have been prevented; incan the prevalence of the small pox among our troops. This fatal pestilence completed our destruction. It is a frown of Providence upon us, || which we ought to lay to heart.

But on the other hand, the delay of this Declaration to this time, has many great advantages attending it. The hopes of reconciliation, which were fondly entertained by multitudes of honest and well meaning, though short-sighted and mistaken people, have been gradually, and at last totally extinguished-Time has been given, for the whole people, maturely to consider the great question of Inde pendence, and to ripen their judgment, dissipate their fears, and allure their hopes; by discussing in newspapers and pamphlets, by debating it in As semblies, Conventions, Committees of Safety and

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I am Sir, with perfect esteem and sincere affec tion, your friend and humble servant, Judge DAWES.

JOHN ADAMS.

SYMPTOMS OF CANINE MADNESS.

On the symptoms of canine hydrophobia (from the
Medical Commentaries, vol. 19,) drawn up by Mr.
Meynell, with observations by Doctor Duncan.

The first symptom of canine madness in dogs, is, I believe, a failure of appetite in a small degree; I mean, that the dog does not eat his usual food with his usual eagernesss;

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