it up in his bosom, gave thanks to God for directing his eye to the place where it lay, and with joy and tears betook himself again to his journey. But oh, how nimbly now did he go up the rest of the hill! Yet before he got up, the sun went down upon Christian; and this made him again recall the vanity of his sleeping to his remembrance; and thus he again began to condole with himself: Ah, thou sinful sleep! how for thy sake am I like to be benighted in my journey! I must walk without the sun, darkness must cover the path of my feet, and I must hear the noise of doleful creatures, because of my sinful sleep! Now also he remembered the story that Mistrust and Timorous told him of, how they were frighted with the sight of the lions. Then said Christian to himself again, These beasts range in the night for their prey; and if they should meet with me in the dark, how should I shift them? how should I escape being by them torn in pieces? Thus he went on his way. But while he was thus bewailing his unhappy miscarriage, he lift up his eyes, and behold, there was a very stately Palace before him, the name whereof was Beautiful, and it stood just by the highway-side. SAMUEL PEPYS (1633-1703) FROM HIS DIARY* PEPYS APPOINTED SECRETARY TO THE GENERALS Jan. 1, 1660 (Lord's day). This morning (we living lately in the garret) I rose, put on my suit with great skirts, having not lately worn any other clothes but them. Went to Mr. Gunning's chapel at Exeter House, where he made a very good sermon. Dined at home in the garret, where my wife dressed the remains of a turkey, and in the doing of it she burned her hand. I stayed at home all the afternoon, looking over my accounts; then went with my wife to my father's and in going observed the great posts which the City have| set up at the Conduit in Fleet Street. Mar. 5th. To Westminster by water, only seeing Mr. Pinkney at his own house, where he k Pepys's Diary belongs to what may be called unconscious literature. It was not intended for publication, is reckless in grammar, unconcerned for style, ignorant of any sort of propriety, yet famous for its portrayal of an interesting man in an interesting period. See Eng. Lit., p. 156. showed me how he had always kept the lion and unicorn, in the back of his chimney, bright, in expectation of the King's coming again. At home I found Mr. Hunt, who told me how the Parliament had voted that the Covenant be printed and hung in churches again. Great hopes of the King's coming again. 6th. Everybody now drinks the King's health without any fear, whereas before it was very private that a man dare do it. 22nd. To Westminster, and received my warrant of Mr. Blackburne to be secretary to the two Generals of the Fleet. 23rd. My Lord,‡ Captain Isham, Mr. Thomas, John Crewe, W. Howe, and I to the Tower, where the barges stayed for us; my Lord and the Captain in one, and W. Howe and I, &c., in the other, to the Long Reach, where the Swiftsure lay at anchor; (in our way we saw the great breach which the late high water had made, to the loss of many £1,000 to the people about Limehouse). Soon as my Lord on board, the guns went off bravely from the ships. And a little while after comes the Vice-Admiral Lawson, and seemed very respectful to my Lord, and so did the rest of the commanders of the frigates that were thereabouts. I to the cabin allotted for me, which was the best that any had that belonged to my Lord. We were late writing of orders, for the getting of ships ready, &c. May 1. To-day I hear they were very merry at Deal,1 setting up the King's flag upon one of their maypoles, and drinking his health upon their knees in the streets, and firing the guns, which the soldiers of the castle threatened, but durst not oppose. 2nd. In the morning at a breakfast of radishes in the Purser's cabin. After that, to writing till dinner. At which time comes Dunne from London, with letters that tell us the welcome news of the Parliament's votes yesterday, which will be remembered for the happiest May-day that hath been many a year to England. The King's letter was read in the House, wherein he submits himself and all things to them, as to an Act of Oblivion to all, unless they shall please to except any. May 29th. Abroad to shore with my Lord (which he offered me of himself, saying that I had a great deal of work to do this month, which was very true). On shore we took horses, 1 A port near Dover. The Scottish "Covenant with God," a declaration of resistance to the Roman Church. The next year it was ordered to be publicly burnt. Sir Edward Montagu, whose service Pepys had entered, and who, as admiral and general, was appointed to convey Charles II. from Holland to England. in all the afternoon setting up shelves in my study. At night to bed. my Lord and Mr. Edward, Mr. Hetly and I, and three or four servants, and had a great deal of pleasure in riding. . . At last we came Nov. 22nd. This morning come the carupon a very high cliff by the sea-side, and penters to make me a door at the other side! rode under it, we having laid great wagers, I of my house, going into the entry, which I was and Dr. Mathews, that it was not so high as much pleased with. At noon, my wife and I Paul's, my Lord and Mr. Hetly, that it was. walked to the Old Exchange, and there she But we riding under it, my Lord made a pretty bought her a white whisk and put it on, and good measure of it with two sticks, and found it I a pair of gloves, and so we took coach for to be not above thirty-five yards high, and Paul's Whitehall to Mr. Fox's, where we found Mrs. is reckoned to be about ninety. From thence | Fox within, and an alderman of London paying toward the barge again, and in our way found £1,000 or £1,400 in gold upon the table for the people of Deal going to make a bonfire for joy of the day, it being the King's birthday, and had some guns which they did fire at my Lord's coming by. For which I did give twenty shillings among them to drink. While we were on the top of the cliff, we saw and heard our guns in the fleet go off for the same joy. And it being a pretty fair day, we could see above twenty miles into France. Being returned on board, my Lord called for Mr. Sheply's book of Paul's, by which we were confirmed in our wager. . . . This day, it is thought, the King do enter the City of London. | 30th. All this morning making up my accounts, in which I counted that I had made myself now worth about £80, at which my heart was glad, and blessed God. MATTERS PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC Oct. 13th. I went out to Charing Cross, to see Major-General Harrison* hanged, drawn, and quartered; which was done there, he looking as cheerful as any man could do in that condition. He was presently cut down, and his head and heart shown to the people, at which there was great shouts of joy. It is said that he said that he was sure to come shortly at the right hand of Christ to judge them that now had judged him; and that his wife do expect his coming again. Thus it was my chance to see the King beheaded at Whitehall, and to see the first blood shed in revenge for the blood of the King at Charing Cross. From thence to my Lord's, and took Captain Cuttance and Mr. Sheply to the Sun Tavern, and did give them some oysters. After that I went by water home, where I was angry with my wife for her things lying about, and in my passion kicked the little fine basket, which I bought her in Holland, and broke it, which troubled me after I had done it. With 2 St. Paul's Cathedral, London. He had served under Cromwell, and had signed the warrant for the execution of Charles I. the King, which was the most gold that ever I saw together in my life. Mr. Fox come in presently and did receive us with a great deal of respect; and then did take my wife and I to the Queen's presence-chamber, where he got my wife placed behind the Queen's chair, and I got into the crowd, and by and by the Queen and the two Princesses come to dinner. The Queen a very little plain old woman,* and nothing more in her presence in any respect nor garb than any ordinary woman. The Princess of Orange I The Princess Henrihad often seen before. etta is very pretty, but much below my expectation: and her dressing of herself with her hair frizzed short up to her ears, did make her seem so much the less to me. But my wife standing near her with two or three black patches on, and well dressed, did seem to me much handsomer than she. Feb. 27th, 1661. I called for a dish of fish, which we had for dinner, this being the first day of Lent; and I do intend to try whether I can keep it or no. 28th. I took boat at Whitehall for Redriffe, but in my way overtook Captain Cuttance and Tiddiman in a boat and so ashore with them at Queenhithe, and so to a tavern with them to a barrel of oysters, and so away. Capt. Cuttance and I walked from Redriffe to Deptford, and there we dined, and notwithstanding my resolution, yet for want of other victuals, I did eat flesh this Lent, but am resolved to eat as little as I can. THE CORONATION OF CHARLES II Apr. 23rd. Coronation Day. About four I rose and got to the Abbey, where I followed Sir J. Denham, the Surveyor, with some company that he was leading in. And with much ado, by the favour of Mr. Cooper, his man, did get up into a great scaffold across the north end of the Abbey, where with a great deal of patience I sat from past four till 1 neckerchief Ilenrietta Maria, mother of Charles. The prin cesses mentioned were two of her daughters. eleven before the King come in. And a great pleasure it was to see the Abbey raised in the middle, all covered with red, and a throne (that is a chair) and foot-stool on the top of it; and all the officers of all kinds, so much as the very fiddlers, in red vests. canopy borne up by six silver staves, carried by Barons of the Cinque Ports,3 and little bells at every end. And after a long time, he got up to the farther end, and all set themselves down at their several tables; and that was also a brave sight: and the King's first course carried up by the Knights of the Bath. And many fine ceremonies there was of the herald's leading up people before him, and bowing; and my Lord of Albemarle 's going to the kitchen and eat a bit of the first dish that was to go to the King's table. But, above all, was these three Lords, Northumberland, and Suffolk, and the Duke of Ormond, coming before the courses on horseback, and staying so all dinner-time, and at last to bring up [Dymock] the King's champion, all in armour on horseback, with his spear and target carried before him. And a herald proclaims, "That if any dare deny Charles Stewart to be lawful King of England, here was a champion that would fight with him;" and with these words, the champion flings down is gauntlet, and all this he do three times in his going up towards the King's table. At last when he is come, the King drinks to him, and then sends him the cup, which is of gold, and he drinks it off, and then rides back again with the cup in his hand. I went from table to table to see the bishops and all others at their dinner, and was infinitely pleased with it. And at the Lord's table, I met with William IIowe, and he spoke to my Lord for me, and he did give me four rabbits and a pullet, and so I got it and Mr. Creed and I got Mr. Minshell to give us some bread, and so we at a stall eat it, as everybody else did what At last comes in the Dean and Prebends of Westminster, with the Bishops (many of them in cloth-of-gold copes), and after them the Nobility, all in their Parliament robes, which was a most magnificent sight. Then the Duke and the King with a sceptre (carried by my Lord Sandwich) and sword and wand before him, and the crown too. The King in his robes, bare-headed, which was very fine. And after all had placed themselves, there was a sermon and the service; and then in the Choir at the high altar, the King passed through all the ceremonies of the Coronation, which to my great grief I and most in the Abbey could not see. The crown being put upon his head, a great shout began, and he come forth to the throne, and there passed more ceremonies: as taking the oath, and having things read to him by the Bishop; and his Lords (who put on their caps as soon as the King put on his crown) and bishops come, and kneeled before him. And three times the King at Arms2 went to the three open places on the scaffold, and proclaimed, that if any one could show any reason why Charles Stewart should not be King of England, that now he should come and speak. And a General Pardon also was read by the Lord Chancellor, and medals flung up and down by my Lord Cornwallis, of silver, but I could not come by any. But so great a noise that I could make but little of the music; and indeed, it was lost to every-they could get. I took a great deal of pleasure to body. I went out a little while before the King had done all his ceremonies, and went round the Abbey to Westminster Hall, all the way within rails, and 10,000 people, with the ground covered with blue cloth; and scaffolds all the way. Into the Hall I got, where it was very fine with hangings and scaffolds one upon another full of brave ladies; and my wife in one little one, on the right hand. Here I stayed walking up and down, and at last, upon one of the side stalls I stood and saw the King come in with all the persons (but the soldiers) that were yesterday in the cavalcade; and a most pleasant sight it was to see them in their several robes. And the King come in with his crown on, and his sceptre in his hand, under a 2 The Garter King-at-Arms, head of the heralds. go up and down, and look upon the ladies, and to hear the music of all sorts, but above all, the twenty-four violins. About six at night they had dined, and I went up to my wife. And strange it is to think, that these two days have held up fair till now that all is done, and the King gone out of the Hall; and then it fell a-raining and thundering and lightening as I have not seen it do for some years; which people did take great notice of; God's blessing of the work of these two days, which is a foolery to take too much notice of such things. I observed little disorder in all this, only the King's footmen had got hold of the canopy, and would keep it from the Barons of the Cinque 3 The five English Channel ports. Hastings, Sandwich, Dover, Romney. Ilythe. 4 This ceremony is no longer observed. 24th. At night, set myself to write down these three days' diary, and while I am about it, I hear the noise of the chambers, and other things of the fireworks, which are now playing upon the Thames before the King; and I wish myself with them, being sorry not to see them. Ports, which they endeavoured to force from as being sure never to see the like again in them again, but could not do it till my Lord this world. Duke of Albemarle caused it to be put into Sir R. Pye's hand till to-morrow to be decided. At Mr. Bowyer's; a great deal of company, some I knew, other I did not. Here we stayed upon the leads and below till it was late, expecting to see the fireworks, but they were not performed to-night: only the City had a light like a glory round about it with bonfires. At last I went to King Street, and there sent Crockford to my father's and my house, to tell them I could not come home to-night, because of the dirt, and a coach could not be had. And so I took my wife and Mrs. Frankleyn (who I proffered the civility of lying with my wife at Mrs. Hunt's to-night) to Axe Yard, in which at the farther end there were three great bonfires, and a great many great gallants, men and women; and they laid hold of us, and would have us drink the King's health upon our knees, kneeling upon a faggot, which we all did, they drinking to us one after another: which we thought a strange frolic; but these gallants continued thus a great while, and I wondered to see how the ladies did tipple. At last I sent my wife and her bedfellow to bed, and Mr. Hunt and I went in with Mr. Thornbury (who did give the company all their wine, he being yeoman of the winecellar to the King) to his home; and there, with his wife and two of his sisters, and some gallant sparks that were there, we drank the King's health, and nothing else, till one of the gentlemen fell down stark drunk, and there lay; and I went to my Lord's pretty well. Thus did the day end with joy everywhere; and blessed be God, I have not heard of any mischance to anybody through it all, but only to Serjt. Glynne, whose horse fell upon him yesterday, and is like to kill him, which people do please themselves to see how just God is to punish the rogue at such a time as this: he being now one of the King's Serjeants, and rode in the cavalcade with Maynard, to whom people wish the same fortune.§ There was also this night in King Street, a woman had her eye put out by a boy's flinging a firebrand into the coach. Now, after all this, I can say that, besides the pleasure of the sight of these glorious things, I may now shut my eyes against any other objects, nor for the future trouble myself to see things of state and show 5 roof (of sheets of lead) § Both these men had served Cromwell during the Protectorate, but unscrupulously transferred their allegiance to Charles at the time of the Restoration. JOHN EVELYN (1620-1706) FROM HIS DIARY* THE RESTORATION OF CHARLES II May 29, 1660. This day his Majesty Charles II came to London after a sad and long exile and calamitous suffering both of the King and This was also his Church, being 17 years. horse and foot, brandishing their swords and birth-day, and with a triumph of above 20,000 shouting with inexpressible joy; the ways strewed with flowers, the bells ringing, the with wine; the Mayor, Aldermen, and all the streets hung with tapestry, fountains running Companiest in their liveries, chains of gold and banners; Lords and Nobles clad in cloth of silver, gold, and velvet; the windows and balconies all set with ladies; trumpets, music, and myriads of people flocking, even so far as from Rochester, so as they were seven hours in passing the City, even from 2 in the afternoon till 9 at night. I stood in the Strand and beheld it, and blessed God. And all this was done without one drop of blood shed, and by that very army which rebelled against him; but it was the Lord's doing, for such a Restoration was never mentioned in any history, ancient or modern, since the return of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity; nor so joyful a day and so bright ever seen in this nation, this happening when to expect or effect it was past all human policy. July 6. His Majesty began first to touch for the evil, according to custom, thus: his Majesty * John Evelyn, "a good man in difficult times," a favorite of Charles II., traveler, and member of the Royal Society of London, was a man of real culture and wide intellectual interests. His Diary extends from 1640 to 1706, covering a much longer period than that of Pepys. Austin Dobson says of it: "If it does not, like the Diary of Pepys, disclose the inner character of the writer, it nevertheless possesses a distinctive interest. Its entries have the precise value of veracious statements; it is a magazine-a mine, Scott called itof contemporary memories of a definite kind." The Livery Companies, or Guilds, established as a part of the city government to protect the members of the various crafts. The scrofula was familiarly known as "the king's evil." from the superstition that it could be healed by the royal touch. The ladies also played very deep. I came away when the Duke of Ormond had won about £1,000, and left them still at passage,3 cards, etc. At other tables, both there and at the Groomporter's, observing the wicked folly and monstrous excess of passion amongst some losers; sorry I am that such a wretched custom as play to that excess should be countenanced in a Court which ought to be an example of virtue to the rest of the kingdom. sitting under his State1 in the Banqueting- | custom, his Majesty opened the revels of that iiouse, the chirurgeons cause the sick to be night by throwing the dice himself in the privy brought or led to the throne, where they kneel-chamber, where was a table set on purpose, and ing, the King strokes their faces or cheeks with lost his £100. (The year before he won £1,500.) both his hands at once, at which instant a chaplain in his formalities says, 'He put his hands upon them and he healed them.' This is said to every one in particular. When they have been all touched they come up again in the same order, and the other chaplain kneeling, and having angel gold2 strung on white ribbon on his arm, delivers them one by one to his Majesty, who puts them about the necks of the touched as they pass, whilst the first chaplain repeats, 'That is the true light who came into the world.' Then follows an epistle (as at first a gospel) with the liturgy, prayers for the sick, with some alteration, lastly the blessing; and then the Lord Chamberlain and Comptroller of the Household bring a basin, ewer, and towel, for his Majesty to wash. Jan. 30, 1661. Was the first solemn fast and day of humiliation to deplore the sins which so long had provoked God against this afflicted church and people, ordered by Parliament to be annually celebrated to expiate the guilt of the execrable murder of the late King. THE GREAT PLAGUE Aug. 2, 1665. A solemn fast thro' England to deprecate God's displeasure against the land by pestilence and war; our Doctor preaching on 26 Levit. 41, 42, that the means to obtain remission of punishment was not to repine at it, but humbly submit to it. 28. The contagion still increasing and growing now all about us, I sent my wife and whole family (two or three necessary servants excepted) to my brother's at Wotton, being resolved to stay at my house myself and to look after my charge, trusting in the providence and goodness of God. This day (0 the stupendous and inscrutable judgments of God!) were the carcasses of those arch rebels, Cromwell, Bradshaw, the Judge Sept. 7. Came home, there perishing near who condemned his Majesty, and Ireton, son-in-10,000 poor creatures weekly; however, I went law to the Usurper, dragged out of their superb all along the City and suburbs from Kent Street tombs in Westminster among the Kings, to to St. James's, a dismal passage, and dangerous Tyburn, and hanged on the gallows there from to see so many coffins exposed in the streets, 9 in the morning till 6 at night, and then buried now thin of people; the shops shut up, and all under that fatal and ignominious monument in in mournful silence, as not knowing whose turn a deep pit; thousands of people who had seen might be next. I went to the Duke of Albethem in all their pride being spectators. Look marle for a pest-ship, to wait on our infected back at October 22, 1658, [Oliver's funeral,] men, who were not a few. and be astonished! and fear God and honour the King; but meddle not with them who are given to change! 1 canopy of state Dec. 31. Now blessed be God for his extraordinary mercies and preservation of me this year, when thousands and ten thousands perished and were swept away on each side of me, there dying in our parish this year 406 of the pestilence! 2 standard, or "guinea" gold (bearing the figure of 3 A game of dice. an angel). The royal director of games. |