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Fod, the King's Enemies, Pirates, Robbers, Restraint of Princes, Vermin, Jettison, Barratry and Collision, Fire on Board, in Hulk inery, Boilers, Steam and Steam Navigation, or from Perils of the ilot, Master, Officers, Engineers, Crew, Servants or Agents of the gin no way liable for any consequences of the causes before mentioned. any loss, damage or injury, in respect of Animals, Coin, Jewellery, unless previous arrangements in writing have been made. werable for Leakage, Ullage, Spiles, Lighterage, Breakage, Rust, ired, or Insufficient Packages, Damage by Sweating or contact with pds to be taken from the Ship by the Consignees as soon after arrival Ship's option, without interruption, or the same may be tran Ense and risk of the Owners of such Goods.

Merchant's risk and expense.

sk of the Consignees.

e place of discharge, and if the weight and/or description on the ided to the freight and be payable before delivery of the Goods, and

or in case of riot, anticipated disturbances, or war (Great Britain entering of or discharging in the Port shall be considered by the to Quay or into Quarantine Depot, Hulk, Lighter, or other Vessels impracticable, or the Vessel not admitted, the Master to have the judgment, shall be most fit and convenient, at the risk and expense

ons and restrictions of the Ship or other conveyance, by which the ties and Charges are to be paid by the Owner of the Goods.

g from suffocation or other causes, occurring to Horses, Dogs, Cattle, t; nor for any damage from shipping or landing, or while in the se they may remain in such possession. No Officer or Servant of rposes of the Contract, the values of the undermentioned animals seep, Pigs and Dogs, £2 each.

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Bills of Lading, exclusive of the thed the others to stand void

C.H. Engelhardt

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1.

Liability of Underwriter.-Where an assured in the case of an open policy is insured to the full insurable value of the goods, or where in the case of a valued policy he is insured to the full extent of the value fixed, the sum which he can recover is called "the measure of indemnity."

It is a common thing for several underwriters to sign a policy, each being severally liable on the policy up to the amount of his subscription, which is often but a small part of the measure of indemnity. Where the full amount for which goods are insured falls short of the measure of indemnity, the assured is considered as his own insurer as regards the balance. In case of loss each underwriter is liable for such proportion of the loss as the amount of his subscription bears to the value of the goods as fixed by the policy in the case of a valued policy, and to the insurable value in the case of an open policy. For example, where the value of the goods is £1,000, and the loss amounts to £500, an underwriter who subscribed to the policy to the amount of £100 would be liable to pay £50 to the assured.

p.194.

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