The books and papers of the association shall be open to inspection of any stockholder, at all times during business hours, every day except Sundays and legal holidays.

5. Treasurer.-The treasurer shall receive, hold and account for all funds of the association, and pay them out only on the order of the president, countersigned by the secretary. At each annual meeting of stockholders, he shall submit a complete statement of his accounts for the past year, with proper vouchers for disbursements made, and shall perform such other duties as pertain to the office of treasurer.

6. Every officer or employee having the handling of funds shall be required to give bonds, in such sum as the Board may direct, conditioned upon the faithful discharge of their duties.

ARTICLE VII.-Amendments.

These by-laws may be amended at any annual meeting of the stockholders, or at any special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose, provided that for such special meeting the same notice shall be given as is required for the annual meeting. Provided further that the substance of the proposed by-law shall be set forth in all such notices.

LOGANBERRY AND BLACKBERRY CULTURE.

By J. E. STANSBERY, County Fruit Inspector for Multnomah County.

THE LOGANBERRY.

The first thing to be considered in loganberry culture is the soil, which should be ferterlized with barnyard manure. Manure, while being saved, should be kept under roof and all liquid manure added, so as to furnish about equal parts of nitrogen and potash which will insure a good growth of vine and fruit. Plow deep in the fall before planting and as soon as possible; then give second plowing in the spring; harrow until the soil is thoroughly pulverized.

Select strong plants, and plant 8 or 10 feet between rows and 7 to 8 feet between plants in row. Cultivate thoroughly and keep ground free of weeds. The vines will spread out over the ground and be troublesome in cultivation. To avoid this trouble the vines may be trained in rows and stakes 18 inches long used to keep them out of the way of the cultivator and also from injury, as these vines bear the next year's fruit.

Posts 8 feet long, set in the ground 2 feet deep, should be set every 24 feet where posts are scarce and pickets made out of lumber 1x3 inches may be used between posts. Place the posts closer where they are cheap.

Use No. 9 wire for trellis. Use two wires and place first wire near the top of post and second wire 2 feet below first wire. The wire must be tightly strung and secured to posts. End posts must be well braced.

Six or eight of the best vines should be selected and cut back within 6 or 7 feet of ground and tied with cotton twine to wire cables, tieing them on wire in fan shape, leaving space between vines so light and air can reach fruit. This also makes gathering fruit easier. This method insures large fruit for local markets. Cut remaining vines close to ground. This work in a mild climate may be done from October to March. I would not advise tying up new vines before March where the climate is severe, as cold very often causes the vines to winter-kill.

Cultivate thoroughly and often to retain moisture until fruit is ready to market. After fruiting season is over remove old vines and burn. In September you can prepare to propagate plants for sale or planting by placing on tip of young growth a shovel full of dirt or dig a shallow hole and place tip in and cover with soil.

The phenomenal berry is grown in the same way as the loganberry.

THE BLACKBERRY.

The preparation of soil for blackberries is the same as for loganberry culture, giving the blackberry lower ground, which must, however, be well drained.

The blackberry may be divided into classes, the cane and vinous. There are several varieties of each.

The vinous or vine blackberry is grown like the loganberry; also propagated the same and the same methods in pruning and tying young growth to wires are used.

The cane berry is planted in rows from 8 to 10 feet apart and 4 to 5 feet in row, which planting should be done in the spring. Cultivate thoroughly and keep free from weeds.

Posts can be placed every 15 feet; use eight-foot posts set 2 feet in ground. Use a cross piece 1 foot long of 1x3 lumber four feet from the ground. Place two No. 9 wires to the row; fastened securely to ends of cross pieces so as to keep same inside of wires. Use a piece of No. 9 wire 9 inches long with a hook bent on each end between plants to keep wires the right distance apart. Keep canes upright and support the main cables.

When canes attain 5 feet in height prune or pinch tips off and keep canes inside of wires. This will force laterals which will keep fruit where it can be gathered. In rich, moist soil laterals may be pruned back. Blackberries must be thoroughly cultivated to retain moisture as they ripen late in season when it is naturally hot and dry.

When through fruiting cut old canes out and burn them.
The blackberry is propagated by suckers from the roots.

CLACKAMAS AND UMATILLA COUNTIES.

127

REPORT FROM CLACKAMAS COUNTY.

By O. E. FREYTAG, County Fruit Inspector for Clackamas County. To the Honorable State Board of Horticulture—

I herewith respectfully submit report from Clackamas County. I find some varieties of fruit crop short, especially so are the Italian prunes, which represent in a large measure the present fruit industry of Clackamas County. Pears are about a half crop, while other fruits are nearly a full crop. Grapes are very full and promise to ripen early.

Pruning and spraying of orchards has been very satisfactory, however, in a few cases the owners of old trees were slow about the work. The results are now in evidence for some have sprayed all the orchards with arsenic of lead and have good clean fruit, while others sprayed only in part, and the result of spraying is seen in every case. It will make the work much easier in the future. In Clackamas County we have many old orchards which are a source of nuisance to all who wish to grow new orchards, and it is with difficulty that the owners of these old trees are persuaded to clean up or cut down these old troublesome spots. It has a tendency to retard the planting out of new orchards, because one gets the idea fruit does not do so well, but that is not the case. Apples, as good as any grown in the State, are grown in Clackamas County, but the same care must be given them, that they receive in a more developed fruit section and where apple-growing is made a study. Promising sections in the county are Garfield, Sandy, Dover and Cherryville in the eastern portion of the county. And then again in the Molalla section and Scotts Mill, in fact all of the hilly country east of the Willamette produces a good quality of fruit and almost a sure crop on account of immunity from killing frosts. In these new fruit sections the spray pump is constantly at work and pests and fungous diseases are kept out, and the trees are handsomely clean. Growers take pride in their trees, expecting in another year or two to harvest beautiful crops of apples and other fruit.

UMATILLA COUNTY AND THE MILTON FRUIT GROWERS'

UNION.

By S. J. CAMPBELL, Fruit Inspector for Umatilla County.

The fruit-growing industry in the Umatilla County portion of the Walla Walla valley has increased rapidly in the past few years. The old orchards have been pruned, sprayed and cultivated so that most of them are now bearing fine fruit. New commercial orchards have been planted which are in up-to-date condition.

A few years ago growers were much discouraged by market conditions and prices of fruit. Prices were low and most of the fruit was sold at home. There has been great improvement in methods of marketing since that time. The Walla Walla valley has as few drawbacks as any fruit district in the northwest.

In addition to the Walla Walla valley we have a number of other ideal places for growing fruit in Umatilla County. Weston has the