The cases of hypertrophy, with stricture of the œsophagus, by Mr. W. Smith, and of atrophy of the same tube, with loss of power of the muscles of the larynx, by Mr. W. Stanley, may be associated together, being rare deviations from normal condition. The inhumation of a horse for sixteen days, by Mr. J. J. Hughes, and the fracture of both femurs during an operation, by M. Desfarges, are also both unusual occurrences. The recital of the lastnamed case elicited from Mr. Ferguson an instance of the head of the femur being broken off, and the neck of the bone entering the acetabulum, which occurred in the practice of M. Leblanc.

The case of rupture of the bladder and stomach of a racehorse, by Mr. J. Markham, was likewise most extraordinary.

The cases of poisoning of horses by arsenical fumes, by Mr. H. Rickard; of a horse by savin, by Mr. R. Hutton; of four bullocks by yew, by Mr. R. Read, with his view of the manner in which this vegetable poison acts; and of three greyhounds by nux vomica, or its alcaloid, strychnia, by Mr. J. F. Sewell, are replete with instruction.

The instances of pericarditis, and the pulmonary epizootic in oxen, by Mr. W. Robinson, with those of abscesses in the pulmonary vein and kidneys of a heifer, by Mr. R. Hudson; of ventral hernia in a cow, by Mr. Williamson; of long fœtal retention, by Mr. W. P. Toll; and of ascites in the same animal, by Mr. Chase, are proofs of the assistance pathology is receiving from this division of veterinary medicine, and how much has been lost from the long neglect it has experienced. Nor must the more than ordinarily interesting case of fatty liver in the ox, by Mr. R. Read, be forgotten; nor the instance of the like lardaceous deposit in the same gland of a sheep, by Mr. W. Thacker; from whom was also received an account of the mere insertion of a seton in the elbow for a tumour creating so much irritative fever as to cause death.

The cases of ruptured colon, by Mr. T. Taylor, and of intussusception, by Mr. A. Howarth, are by no means unusual lesions, yet occasional introduction of such may prove of service. But under the same category we cannot place the case of tuberculated liver with abscesses in the stomach and spleen, by Mr. W. Robinson; nor of a pedunculated tumour in the duodenum; nor the perfora

tion of the palate by the elongation of a tooth, by Mr. J. Climenson, these being more rarely met with.

The instance of tetanus induced in a foal by retention of urine, as related by Mr. A. Green; of the operation for umbilical hernia being productive of the same disease, as stated by Mr. Simonds; of fracture of the sacrum also causing it, as communicated by Mr. Crawford; with two instances of contusions giving rise to it, as recorded by Mr. T. Darby and Mr. J. G. Webb, and the different modes of treatment advocated, serve to shew how many lesions may become a cause of this dreaded nervous affection, and how the vis medicatrix occasionally resists its fatal termination.

The action of the proximate principles of vegetables on the nervous system, as experimentally ascertained by Mr. Gresswell, although not strictly applicable to the horse, is not without interest.

A few of the "valuable contributions to veterinary pathology" by Mr. Purves, of the Honourable East India Company's Service, room has been found for, but a goodly number yet remains in

reserve.

PATHOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

AGAIN, our friends did not forget us during the recess; and, at the commencement of our labours, we were enabled to place on the tables several most interesting morbid specimens, and during the session many additions were made to them.

From Mr. T. D. Broad was received the flattened trachea of a pony, which, during life, had manifested no inconvenience from this abnormal deviation. Likewise, a cow's tongue, considerably enlarged and indurated. Subsequently he forwarded a portion of the medulla spinalis of a colt, the theca of which was in a highly diseased state, and had been the cause of paralysis.

Mr. Woodger furnished several singularly disorganised parts. The trachea from which he had removed a portion, and in which the inflammation supervening had resulted in the formation of a large ossific tumour, is of somewhat rare occurrence. Allied to this were the small ossific tumours existing on the plexus cho

roides of the brain, giving rise to phrenitis. The changes which had taken place in the larynx of a horse, and the strange rupture that occurred in the ileum of another, a similar one being exhibited at the same time by Mr. Tegg, are all deserving of notice.

From Mr. J. Tombs was received a portion of a softened and ruptured liver of a horse, accompanying the history of the case. Also the diseased bronchial glands of a cow. From Mr. T. A. Nobbs, a mass of carcinomatous tumours taken from the abdomen of a cow.

From Mr. W. Cox, a foal, whose urachus remained open, and although he endeavoured to close it, the little animal died from marasmus. A post-mortem examination shewed the kidneys to be much enlarged and in a highly diseased state.

From Mr. T. Harris, the heart of a horse in a strangely diseased state.

From Mr. Balls, a mass of disorganised viscera, taken from an animal which, during life, had shewn no indications of these changes taking place. The instance of atrophy of the postea spinatis muscle by him, and of extensive laceration of the same muscle by Mr. Howarth, may be classed together.

To Mr. J. Wells we are indebted for a specimen of ruptured stomach, and extensively diseased mesenteric glands, occurring in a cart-horse.

The case of irreducible ventral hernia in a mare, by Mr. J. Hutton, is instructive, since it shews how necessary a knowledge of anatomy is to the pathologist. The lesion that had taken place was described by Mr. Barth, and received further elucidation from several cases related by Mr. Simonds.

The acute and quickly fatal cases of laryngitis, communicated by Mr. G. Bainbridge, might well alarm the owners of the animals, since the aid of medicine was rendered nugatory by the severity of the attack.

Among the aids the veterinary surgeon receives in his endeavours to minister to " the ills that flesh is heir to"-the tools with which he works should be first mentioned, the new form of tracheotomy tube, invented by the President, with a pair of cutting compasses to remove circular pieces of the trachea during the operation of tracheotomy.

The horse-hair seton, advocated and long used by Mr. Dickins, suggested an improvement in the seton-needle, so as more easily to carry the cord, by the Secretary; who also proposed a dilator for the urethra, when extracting a calculus from the bladder either by lithrotity or entire.

A buckle, to prevent the return of the uterus in cases of its inversion, was exhibited by Mr. T. Taylor.

The firing-iron has undergone a modification in its form, which is thought an improvement by the suggester, Mr. A. Green. Mr. Arnold, instrument-maker, presented a portable seton needle, and Mr. Read exhibited a lengthened elastic tube, which, he anticipated, would prove available in cases of fæcal accumulation in the larger intestines, or of distention by gaseous elimination. Some experiments being instituted with it by the President, they negatived his expectations.

Mr. W. G. Taylor proposed the dried amnion of the cow as a substitute for bladder, a material likely to prove available; and Mr. J. Lord has given an improved form for the neurotomy knife.

Our President, Mr. Spooner, has contributed largely during the session. The morbid parts brought before the members from time to time were described by him in his usual lucid manner, thus supplying any deficiency that may have been felt from a more detailed account not having been furnished by the contributors. The cases of glanders which occurred in the College Infirmary drew from him some terse and pointed observations on this fatal malady; as did the instance of strangulated mesenteric hernia, and other cases. In the debates, too, he frequently took part, and both elicited and communicated much practical and valuable information.

Nor has our Treasurer, Mr. Simonds, been slow in lending his valuable assistance. Many very interesting cases which occurred in his private practice were related by him: especially may reference be made to several instances of hernia occurring in the horse, cow, and pig; to cases of fracture, the result of muscular contraction, and to diseases of the teeth giving rise to symptoms similating glanders; while his removal of a cystic calculus by lithectasy is, it is believed, the first placed on the records of veterinary medicine. The lesions that had taken place in diseased parts taken

from animals, more particularly his province to dwell upon, were usually described by him.

The closing meeting of the session was a CONVERSAZIONE, held with a view more cordially and frequently to bring together the elder members of the profession and the students; one of the leading objects had in view at the formation of the Association, but never yet attained. The writer of this report has often pressed this subject, and solicited attention to it, at the same time almost fearing his motives would be misconstrued. But very few practitioners have ever deemed the hebdomadal meetings worthy their countenance and support: the reason is not known, since the reverse of this could not have failed to have profitted our common cause. At the meeting, now being referred to, although it was largely attended, yet the absence of many friends was regretted. It will, indeed, be long before its remembrance is effaced; and although it was the first attempt made, such was the success attending it, that its repetition is anticipated. The admirable description of the mange insect, so kindly and ably given by Mr. Erasmus Wilson, will ever distinguish it; while the readiness with which Mr. Ellis illustrated his ingenious mode of detecting arsenious acid in cases of poisoning by that mineral substance, and the assistance afforded by several other scientific friends, rendered it both an instructive and a pleasing termination to the session; the meeting possessing all the charm of novelty, while utility was neither sacrificed nor lost sight of.

To the LIBRARY many works have been presented, and it is extremely gratifying to report, that the editors of the “Recueil de Veterinaire" and " La Clinique Veterinaire" have solicited an exchange of journals. It was most gladly received, and as readily acquiesced in. Union by such bonds as these it will ever be the desire of the Council to strengthen and increase.

A large accession of members has taken place during the session, and certificates have been awarded to 45. Of fellowship, certificates have been presented to 10; and of these the Council have considered Mr. A. Lepper for his essay on Mammitis, Mr. W. Johnson for an essay on Hepatitis, and Mr. H. Emms' paper on Open Joints, deserving of the especial thanks of the Association, by which they rank as honorary fellows.

Since our last Anniversary the following of our members have