spread, and give those, who seldom consult books of this description, an opportunity of taking in, at a single view, the whole of the animals of this class, found in this part of North America. In order to assist in the discrimination of the names belonging to genera and species, those of genera are printed in small capitals, those of species in the common small type. Those genera and species introduced by Dr Harlan, as being first noticed, described, or named by him, are in italics, and those which have been only known in the fossil state, have an asterisk prefixed.

ORDER III.

CARNIVORA.

Family Cheiroptera. Tribe Vespertilio.

RHINOPOMA. 1 caroliniensis.

VESPERTILIO. 1 caroliniensis, 2 noveboracensis, 3 pruinosus, 4 arquatus.

TAPHOZOUS. 1 rufus.

Family Insectivora. First Division.

SOREX. 1 constrictus, 2 araneus, 3 parvus, 4 brevicaudatus.
SCALOPS. 1 canadensis, 2 pennsylvanica.

CONDYLURA. 1 cristata, 2 longicaudata, 3 macroura.

TALPA. 1 europea.

Family Carnivora. First Tribe, Plantigrada.

URSUS. 1 arctos, 2 cinereus, 3 americanus, 4 maritimus.
PROCYON.
1 (URSUS) lotor.

TAXUS. 1 (MELES) labradoria, 2 jeffersonii.

GULO. 1 arcticus.

MUSTELA. 1 vulgaris, 2 erminea, 3 lutreocephala, 4 vison, 5 canadensis, 6 martes.

MEPHITIS. 1 americana.

LUTRA. 1 brasiliensis, 2 marina.

CANIS. 1 familiaris, 2 lupus, 3 lycaon, 4 latrans, 5 nubilus, 6 vulpes, 7 argentatus, 8 decussatus, 9 virginianus, 10 fulvus, 11 cinereo-argenteus, 12 velox, 13 lagopus.

FELIS. 1 concolor, 2 onca, 3 pardalis, 4 canadensis, 5 rufa, 6 fasciata, 7 montana, 8 aurea.

Tribe. Carnivorous Amphibious Animals. (Carnivora pinnipedia.) PHOCA. 1 cristata, 2 vitulina, 3 groenlandica, 4 fetida, 5 barbata, 6 (OTARIA) ursina.

TRICHECUS. 1 rosmarus.

ARVICOLA. 1 amphibius, 2 xanthognatha, 3 palustris, 4 hortensis, 5 floridanus, 6 pennsylvanica.

LEMMUS. 1 hudsonius.

Mus. 1 rattus, 2 sylvaticus.

PSEUDOSTOMA. 1 bursarius.

GERBILLUS. 1 canadensis, 2 labradorius.

ARCTOMYS. 1 monax, 2 empetra, 3 ludoviciani, 4 tridecem-lineata, 5 franklinii, 6 richardsonii, 7 pruinosa, 8 parryii, 9 brachyura, 10 latrans, 11 rufa.

SCIURUS. 1 cinereus, 2 capistratus, 3 rufiventer, 4 niger, 5 magnicaudatus, 6 quadrivittatus, 7 lateralis, 8 grammurus, 9 striatus, 10 hudsonius, 11 ludovicianus.

PTEROMYS. 1 volucella.

HYSTRIX. 1 dorsata.

LEPUS. 1 americanus, 2 glacialis, 3 virginianus.

*MEGATHERUIM.

*MEGALONYX.

ORDER V. EDENTATA.
First Tribe. Tardigrada.

1 *cuvieri.
1 *jeffersonii.
ORDER VI.

PACHYDERMATA.

First Family. Proboscidea.

ELEPHAS. 1 *primogenius.

*MASTODON.

1 *giganteum, 2 *angustidens.

Second Family. Pachydermata, properly so called.

Sus. 1 scrofa.

DICOTYLES. 1 torquatus.

TAPIRUS. 1 *mastodontoides.

CERVUS. 1 alces, 2 tarandus, 3 canadensis, 4 virginianus, 5

Bos. 1 americanus, 2 *bombifrons, 3 *latifrons.

ORDER VIII.

MANATUS. 1 latirostris.

CETA.

First Family. Cetacea Herbivora, Sirenia.

RYTINA. 1 (STELLERUS) borealis.

Second Family. Ceta or Whales proper. First Division. DELPHINUS. 1 coronatus, 2 delphis, 3 canadensis, 4 phocoena, 5 gladiator, 6 grampus, 7 leucas, 8 anarnachus.

MONODON.

PHYSETER.

1 monoceros, 2 microcephalus, 3 andersonianus. Second Division.

1 macrocephalus, 2 trumpo.

BALENA. 1 mysticetus, 2 glacialis, 3 nodosa, 4 gibbosa, 5 gibbar, 6 boops, 7 rostrata.

Unless there is some oversight in making out this catalogue, which we presume there is not, the following table exhibits the number of species in each order; and, by way of comparison, we place by the side of it, a table given by the author, in his preface.

It will be perceived, that, if this enumeration is to be trusted, and great care has been taken to make it accurate, the author's table is wrong in five orders out of seven. Two of these errors may, however, be attributed to an accidental transposition of numbers, viz. orders 5 and 6. For the rest, there seems to be no such excuse. He speaks, also, in the preface, of eleven fossil species; only ten are contained in the above list. He must, therefore, intend to include a fossil species of Manatus, which is neither named nor numbered, and which, if admitted, will make the number of the last order 23, and the total of all the orders 149.

In the construction of his orders, Dr Harlan appears to have followed the Règne Animal of Cuvier, and we have numbered them accordingly. The names, however, are adopted, partly from that author, and partly from Linnæus. Thus, for the first order, he retains the Linnæan denomination, Primates; although he excludes from it the bats, and, we presume, the monkeys also, which originally belonged to it. To the fourth order he gives the name Glires, instead of

the more modern and expressive one of Rodentia. To the seventh, the proper appellation, Ruminantia, is applied in the preface, but in the body of the work, this is discarded for Pecora; and so, also, Cetacea in the preface becomes Ceta in the sequel. There does not appear to be any sufficient reason for thus retaining the Linnæan names of a few of the orders, whilst their constitution, and the names also of all the others, are adopted from a different system. Names themselves are not originally of any very great consequence, yet they become so, when they have been employed for a long time to designate particular things. It is not, perhaps, in itself a matter of much importance, whether the first order of Mammalia be denominated Primates, or Bimana; but since it is generally known that the naturalists, who have severally adopted these names, constituted the order in a manner entirely different; that Cuvier places in it man alone, whilst Linnæus associated him with monkeys, lemurs, sapajous, and bats; the terms are gradually understood in a specific sense, and bear always the meaning attached to them by those, who first introduced them. At all events, the adoption of any new method of arrangement, or the use of any terms in a sense differing from that generally received, should be premised by some sufficient explanation.

It is stated in the preface, that 'twentyfive species are common to both continents, without including the cetaceous animals.' That is to say, about one fifth part of the quadrupeds, inhabiting North America, are common to it with the Eastern continent. Dr Harlan is too ready to admit the identity of species of the new, with others of the old world, or at least he does it without showing that deliberation, which the decision demands, and without apparently considering the doubts, which rest upon the subject. It certainly admits of a doubt, whether any species of animals is common to the two continents, except where it may have been transported from one to the other, by some accidental mode of conveyance, or unless it resides in the northern regions, and is capable of enduring the rigors of a polar winter, so that it may be supposed to have passed in some way from one continent to the other.

It is a general result of the observations, upon the distribution of both the vegetable and animal creation, that each

species appears originally to have inhabited some particular region, from which it has spread more or less extensively, according to its own nature, and the nature of the country in which it was first placed. Buffon remarked, that the animals of the old world were in general different from those of the new, and that the species common to both were such, as are able to endure the extreme cold of the arctic regions, and may therefore be supposed to have found a way from one continent to the other, where they approach very near together, and may have been formerly joined. Of the general truth of this statement, there is abundant proof. Whether there are not many individual exceptions is not so easily determined. All the largest, the most clearly described, and the most easily distinguished animals of the old world, are certainly peculiar to it; and although there may be in the new, animals closely resembling them, corresponding to them, and often mistaken for them, yet they are almost always specifically, and often generically distinct. Thus of the Proboscidean family, the living elephants are peculiar to the eastern continent; and fossil remains indicate the former existence in the western, of a race of animals resembling them in many important particulars, although generically distinct; whilst there is sufficient evidence, that a species of elephant, adapted by its structure to endure the cold of the northern regions, formerly existed in both. Of the celebrated ferocious animals of the feline race, we have not one. It is true we hear of the American tiger, and the American lion, but they are manifestly creatures smaller, less powerful, and less terrible. The wolf, on the contrary, whose constitution is hardy, and able to endure the rigors of a polar winter, is the same in Europe, in Asia, and in America. The two species of camel are confined to Asia and Africa. America has a genus, the Llamas, nearly allied, and not less adapted to the peculiar character of the countries in which it resides. The comparison might be carried farther, and it might be shown, that those species, which have been supposed common, have been small, obscure, imperfectly observed, not easily recognised, and incapable of that precise description, which may be given of the larger.

In confirmation of the same general view, it appears that the successive discovery of new and insulated portions of the