ARTICLE 36.

General provisions relative to customs in connection with international air navigation are the subject of a special agreement contained in Annex (H) to the present Convention.

Nothing in the present Convention shall be construed as preventing the contracting States from concluding, in conformity with its principles, special protocols as between State and State in respect of customs, police, posts and other matters of common interest in connection with air navigation. Any such protocols shall be at once notified to the International Commission for Air Navigation, which shall communicate this information to the other contracting States.

ARTICLE 37.

In the case of a disagreement between two or more States relating to the interpretation of the present Convention, the question in dispute shall be determined by the Permanent Court of International Justice to be established by the League of Nations and, until its establishment, by arbitration.

If the parties do not agree on the choice of the arbitrators, they shall proceed as follows:

Each of the parties shall name an arbitrator, and the arbitrators shall meet to name an umpire. If the arbitrators cannot agree, the parties shall each name a third State, and the third States so named shall proceed to designate the umpire, by agreement or by each proposing a name and then determining the choice by lot.

Disagreement relating to the technical regulations annexed to the present Convention shall be settled by the decision of the International Commission for Air Navigation by a majority of votes.

In case the difference involves the question whether the interpretation of the Convention or that of a regulation is concerned, final decision shall be made by arbitration as provided in the first paragraph of this article.

ARTICLE 38.

In case of war, the provisions of the present Convention shall not affect the freedom of action of the contracting States either as belligerents or as neutrals.

ARTICLE 39.

The provisions of the present Convention are completed by the Annexes (A) to (H), which, subject to Article 34 (c), shall have the same effect and shall come into force at the same time as the Convention itself.

ARTICLE 40.

The British Dominions and India shall be deemed to be States for the purposes of the present Convention.

The territories and nationals of protectorates or of territories administered in the name of the League of Nations shall for the

purposes of the present Convention be assimilated to the territory and nationals of the protecting or mandatory States.

ARTICLE 41.

States which have not taken part in the war of 1914-1919 shall be permitted to adhere to the present Convention.

This adhesion shall be notified through the diplomatic channel to the Government of the French Republic, and by it to all the signatory or adhering States.

ARTICLE 42.

A State which took part in the war of 1914-1919 but which is not a signatory of the present Convention may adhere only if it is a member of the League of Nations or until the 1st January, 1923, if its adhesion is approved by the Allied and Associated Powers signatories of the Treaty of Peace concluded with the said State. After the 1st January, 1923, this adhesion may be admitted if it is agreed to by at least three-fourths of the signatory and adhering States voting under the conditions provided by Article 34 of the present Convention.

Applications for adhesions shall be addressed to the Government of the French Republic, which will communicate them to the other contracting Powers. Unless the State applying is admitted ipso facto as a member of the League of Nations, the French Government will receive the votes of the said Powers and will announce to them the result of the voting.

ARTICLE 43.

The present Convention may not be denounced before the 1st January, 1922. In case of denunciation, notification thereof shall be made to the Government of the French Republic, which shall communicate it to the other contracting parties. Such denunciation shall not take effect until at least one year after the giving of notice, and shall take effect only with respect to the Power which has given

notice.

The present Convention shall be ratified.

Each Power will address its ratification to the French Government, which will inform the other signatory Powers.

The ratifications will remain deposited in the archives of the French Government.

The present Convention will come into force for each signatory Power, in respect of other Powers, which have already ratified, forty days from the date of the deposit of its ratification.

On the coming into force of the present Convention, the French Government will transmit a certified copy to the Powers which under the Treaties of Peace have undertaken to enforce rules of aerial navigation in conformity with those contained in it.

Done at Paris, the 13th day of October, 1919, in a single copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the French Government and of which duly authorised copies shall be sent to the contracting States.

29479 S. Dod. 348, 67-4- -82

The said copy, dated as above, may be signed until the 12th day of April, 1920, inclusively.

In faith whereof the hereinafter-named plenipotentiaries, whose powers have been found in good and due form, have signed the present Convention in the French, English, and Italian languages, which are equally authentic.

(L. S.)

(L. S.)

HUGH C. WALLACE.
ROLIN-JAEQUEMYNS.

(L. S.)

ISMAEL MONTES.

(a.) The nationality mark shall be represented by capital letters in Roman characters, e. g.,

France---

--F.

The registration mark shall be represented by a group of four capital letters; each group shall contain at least one vowel, and for this purpose the letter Y shall be considered as a vowel. The complete group of five letters shall be used as a call sign of the particular aircraft in making or receiving signals by wireless telegraphy or other methods of communication, except when opening up communication by means of visual signals, when the usual methods will be employed. The nationality and registration marks are assigned in accordance with the table contained in Section VIII of this annex.

(b.) On aircraft other than State and commercial, the registration mark shall be underlined with a black line.

(c.) The entry in the register and the certificate of registration shall contain a description of the aircraft and shall indicate the number or other identification mark given to it by the maker; the nationality and registration marks mentioned above; the usual station of the aircraft; the full name, nationality, and residence of the owner and the date of registration.

(d.) All aircraft shall carry affixed to the car or to the fuselage in a prominent position a metal plate, inscribed with the names and residence of the owner and the marks of nationality and registration.

The nationality and registration marks shall be painted in black on a white ground in the following manner:

(a.) Flying Machines.-The marks shall be painted once on the lower surface of the lower main planes and once on the upper surface of the top main planes, the top of the letters to be towards the leading edge. They shall also be painted along each side of the fuselage between the main planes and the tail planes. In cases where the machine is not provided with a fuselage the marks shall be painted on the nacelle.

(b.) Airships and Balloons.-In the case of airships, the marks shall be painted near the maximum cross section on both sides and on the upper surface equidistant from the letters on the sides.

In the case of balloons, the marks shall be painted twice near the maximum horizontal circumference, as far as possible from one another.

In the case both of airships and balloons, the side marks shall be visible both from the sides and ground.

SECTION III.-Additional Location of Nationality Marks. (a.) Flying Machines and Airships.-The nationality mark shall also be painted on the left and right sides of the lower surface of

the lowest tail planes or elevators and also on the upper surface of the top tail planes or elevators, whichever is the larger. It shall also be painted on both sides of the rudder, and on the outer sides of the outer rudders if more than one rudder is fitted.

(b.) Balloons.-The nationality mark shall be painted on the basket.

SECTION IV.-Measurements of Nationality and Registration Marks.

(a.) Flying Machines.-The height of the marks on the main planes and tail planes respectively shall be equal to four-fifths of the chord, and in the case of the rudder shall be as large as possible. The height of the marks on the fuselage or nacelle shall be fourfifths of the depth of the narrowest part of that portion of the fuselage or nacelle on which the marks are painted.

(b.) Airships and Balloons.-In the case of airships, the nationality marks painted on the tail plane shall be equal in height to four-fifths of the chord of the tail plane and in the case of the rudder the marks shall be as large as possible. The height of the other marks shall be equal to at least one-twelfth of the circumference of the maximum transverse cross section of the airship.

In the case of balloons, the height of the nationality mark shall be four-fifths of the height of the basket, and the height of the other marks shall be equal to at least one-twelfth of the circumference of the balloon.

(c.) General-In the case of all aircraft, the letters of the nationality and registration marks need not exceed 2.5 metres in height.

SECTION V.-Measurement, Type of Letters, &c.

(a.) The width of the letters shall be two-thirds of their height and the thickness shall be one-sixth of their height. The letters shall be painted in plain block type and shall be uniform in shape and size. A space equal to half the width of the letters shall be left between the letters.

(b.) In the case of underlined letters, the thickness of the line shall be equal to the thickness of the letter, and the space between the bottom of the letters and the line shall be equal to the thickness of the line.

SECTION VI.-Spacing between Nationality and Registration Marks.

Where the nationality and registration marks appear together, a hyphen of a length equal to the width of one of the letters shall be painted between the nationality mark and registration mark.

SECTION VII.—Maintenance.

The nationality and registration marks shall be displayed to the best possible advantage, taking into consideration the constructional features of the aircraft. The marks must be kept clean and visible.