INDEX

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. See also Constitutional Law, I, 1; II,

2; V, 2; Jurisdiction, I, 3-5; II, 2-3; III; Transportation, 1-3.
Administrative interpretation of statute-Effect.-Administrative
interpretation of Internal Revenue Code as entitled to substantial
weight. Lykes v. United States, 118.

ADMIRALTY. See also Government Employees.

1. Collision "Both-to-Blame" clause - Validity. "Both-to-
Blame" clause in ocean bill of lading invalid under rule forbidding
common carrier to stipulate against own negligence; rule not altered
by Harter Act or Carriage of Goods by Sea Act; power to change
rule is in Congress, not shipowners. United States v. Atlantic Mu-
tual Ins. Co., 236.

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2. Seamen-Wages-Set-off.-In proceeding by seaman to recover
wages, employer may not set off costs of care of crew member un-
justifiably attacked by seaman during voyage. Isbrandtsen Co. v.
Johnson, 779.

ALABAMA.

See Elections.

ALIENS. See Constitutional Law, V, 6; Procedure, 1; Trading
with the Enemy Act; Treason.

ALLEGIANCE.

See Treason.

ALLIED HIGH COMMISSION. See Jurisdiction, I, 2.

AMICUS CURIAE.

Amicus curiae briefs-Rule as to filing-Government practice.-
On Lee v. United States (Memorandum of FRANKFURTER, J.), 924.
ANTITRUST ACTS. See also Constitutional Law, V, 4; Federal

Power Act.

1. Violations-Injunction-Prepaid medical plans.-Sherman Act
suit against Oregon medical societies and doctors to enjoin alleged
violations arising out of conduct in relation to prepaid medical plans,
properly dismissed for insufficiency of evidence; function of this
Court on review; findings. United States v. Oregon State Medical
Society, 326.

2. Violations-Injunction-Decree.-Violations of Sherman Act in
distribution and licensing of machinery for making concrete blocks;
provisions of decree; patent licenses; leases; royalties; function of
trial and appellate courts relative to framing decree. Besser Mfg.
Co. v. United States, 444.

ANTITRUST ACTS-Continued.

3. Clayton Act Price discriminations Enforcement order.-
Order of Commission forbidding unlawful price discriminations
among customers by manufacturer of roofing materials, sustained;
reasonableness of provisions of order; effect of failure of order to
except lawful differentials; violation or threatened violation of order
as prerequisite to judicial enforcement. Federal Trade Comm'n v.
Ruberoid Co., 470.

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APPEAL. See Administrative Law; Antitrust Acts; Criminal
Law, 3; Jurisdiction; Procedure; Treason; Trial.
ARMED FORCES. See Jurisdiction, I, 2; Treason.

ASSAULT. See Admiralty, 2.

ASSESSMENT. See Constitutional Law, I, 3; IV; Taxation.
ATTORNEYS. See Constitutional Law, V, 8-11; Contempt; Taxa-
tion, 3.

BROADCASTING.

Public Utilities.

BANKRUPTCY.

Reorganization proceedings-Railroads.-Memorandum of FRANK-
FURTER, J., in connection with denial of certiorari in case involving
reorganization of Missouri Pacific system. Chemical Bank Co. v
Group of Investors, 982.

BOTH-TO-BLAME CLAUSE. See Admiralty, 1.

BRIEFS. See Amicus Curiae.

See Constitutional Law, III; Evidence, 1;

BURDEN OF PROOF. See Constitutional Law, V, 9-11; Crimi-
nal Law, 2; Evidence, 2; Transportation, 2.

BUSSES. See Public Utilities.

See Constitutional Law, IV; V, 10; Jurisdiction,

CALIFORNIA.
II, 6-7.

CANDIDATES. See Elections.

CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ACT. See Admiralty, 1.

CARRIERS. See Admiralty, 1; Bankruptcy; Constitutional Law,
IV; Public Utilities; Transportation.

CENSORSHIP. See Constitutional Law, II, 3.

CERTIORARI. See Bankruptcy; Jurisdiction, II, 8-9.

CITIZENSHIP. See Jurisdiction, I, 2; Treason.

CIVIL PROCEDURE. See Constitutional Law, V, 4; Procedure, 1.

CLAYTON ACT. See Antitrust Acts.

COERCION. See Constitutional Law, II, 1; V, 10.

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING. See Constitutional Law, I, 1.
Jurisdiction, IV, 2; Labor.

COLLISION. See Admiralty, 1.

COMMANDER IN CHIEF. See Constitutional Law, I, 1; Juris-
diction, I, 2.

COMMERCE. See Admiralty, 1; Antitrust Acts; Constitutional
Law, IV; Federal Power Act; Jurisdiction, IV, 2; Public
Utilities; Transportation.

COMMUNICATIONS ACT. See Evidence, 1.

COMMUNISM. See Contempt.

COMPENSATION. See Admiralty; Government Employees; Ju-

risdiction, IV, 1.

COMPETITION. See Antitrust Acts.

CONCURRENT SENTENCES. See Criminal Law, 3.

CONFESSION OF ERROR. See Procedure, 3.

CONFESSIONS. See Constitutional Law, V, 8, 10; Procedure, 3.
CONGRESS. See Admiralty, 1; Constitutional Law, I, 1, 3; Stat-
utes, 2.

CONSERVATION. See Jurisdiction, II, 5.

CONSPIRACY. See Antitrust Acts.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. See also Criminal Law, 2; Elections;
Evidence; Federal Power Act; Jurisdiction, I, 1; II, 1, 5:
Treason.

I. In General, p. 993.

II. Freedom of Speech, Press and Religion, p. 994.

III. Search and Seizure, p. 994.

IV. Commerce, p. 995.

V. Due Process of Law, p. 995.

VI. Equal Protection of Laws, p. 996.

I. In General.

1. Powers of President-National defense-Seizure of property.-
Presidential order directing governmental seizure and operation of
steel mills, to avoid strike of steelworkers endangering national de-
fense, unconstitutional, Congress having authorized other procedures
and not seizure. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 579.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-Continued.

2. Presidential electors-Manner of appointment-Primary elec-
tions. Federal Constitution no bar to political party requiring, from
candidate for Presidential elector in its primary, pledge to support
nominees of National Convention. Ray v. Blair, 154, 214.

3. Powers of Congress-Sixteenth Amendment-Income tax.-Six-
teenth Amendment empowers Congress to tax as income monies re-
ceived by extortion. Rutkin v. United States, 130.

4. Federal Government action-What constitutes.-Operation of
radio service on streetcars and busses by District of Columbia transit
company, and order of Public Utilities Commission permitting opera-
tion, as action of Federal Government making First and Fifth Amend-
ments applicable. Public Utilities Comm'n v. Pollak, 451.

II. Freedom of Speech, Press and Religion.

1. Religious freedom — Public schools - "Released time."-New
York "released time" system not violative of First Amendment rights;
not prohibition of "free exercise" of religion nor law "respecting an
establishment of religion"; evidence of coercion lacking. Zorach v.
Clauson, 306.

2. Freedom of speech-Transit radio-Rights of passengers.—
Constitutional rights of passengers not invaded by radio programs on
District of Columbia streetcars and busses, nor by permissive order
of Public Utilities Commission. Public Utilities Comm'n v. Pollak,
451.

3. Freedom of speech and press-Prior restraint-Motion pic-
tures-"Sacrilegious."-State ban on showing of motion picture as
"sacrilegious" unconstitutional; motion pictures within free speech
and press guaranty. Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, 495; Gelling
v. Texas, 960.

4. Freedom of speech and press-Group libel law-Validity.-
State court conviction for distributing anti-Negro leaflets sustained;
Illinois group libel law not violative of freedom of speech and press;
"clear and present danger" doctrine not involved here. Beauharnais
v. Illinois, 250.

III. Search and Seizure.

Federal agents-Listening devices-Admission of evidence.-Evi-
dence of conversation between defendant and undercover agent in
defendant's place of business, heard by witness outside on receiver
tuned to radio transmitter concealed on undercover agent, not ex-
cludable; conduct of federal agents did not amount to proscribed
search and seizure. On Lee v. United States, 747.