Fraser, SIMON, military officer; born in Scotland, in 1729; served with distinction in Germany, and was appointed a brigadier-general in the British army by Governor Carleton, Sept. 6, 1776. He gained a victory over the Americans at Hubbardton in July, 1777, and was shot by one of Morgan's riflemen in the first battle on Bemis's Heights, Sept. 19, 1777, and died on Oct. 7, following.

Fraternal Organizations.

According to reports of the supreme bodies of these organizations the membership of the principal fraternal organizations in the United States and Canada in 1900 was about as follows:

Frederick, FORT, a protective work on the north bank of the Potomac River in Maryland, 50 miles below Fort Cumberland; erected in 1755-56.

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Fredericksburg, BATTLE AT. Lee's evacuation of Maryland after the battle on Antietam Creek occurred on Sept. 19-20, 1862. Lee rested a few days on the Virginia side of the Potomac, and then marched leisurely up the Shenandoah Valley. McClellan did not pursue, but, after twice calling for reinforcements, he declared his intention to stand where he was, on the defensive, and "attack the enemy should he attempt to recross into Maryland." The government and the loyal people, impatient of delay, demanded an im1,025,073 mediate advance. On Oct. 6 the Presi896,830 dent instructed McClellan to 547,625 cross the 492,506 Potomac and give battle to the enemy, or 410,000 drive him South. Your army must now 236,702 move," he said, " while the roads are good.” 227,936 205,628 Twenty-four days were spent in correspondence before the order was obeyed, Mc183,508 Clellan complaining of a lack of men and 175,569 170,000 supplies to make it prudent to move for114,643 ward. At length, when October had nearly passed by and Lee's army was thoroughly 104,869 rested and reorganized, and communica75,000 tions with Richmond were re-established, 70,000 the Army of the Potomac began to cross 62,173 the river (Oct. 26), 100,000 strong. The 59,821 Nationals were led on the east side of the 58,000 Blue Ridge, but failed to strike the re55,668 treating Confederates over the mountain 53,000 in flank or to get ahead of them; and Lee 49,189 pushed Longstreet's troops over the Blue 44,000 Ridge to Culpeper Court - house, between 36,429 the Army of the Potomac and Richmond, 34,614 ready to dispute the advance of the Na31,750 tionals. Quick and energetic movements 29,688 were now necessary to sever and defeat, in 27,000 23,200 detail, Lee's army.

38,098

22,901

19,487

On Nov. 5 McClellan was relieved of 22,718 command, and General Burnside was put 17,533 in his place. A sense of responsibility 16,782 made the latter commander exceedingly 14,095 cautious. Before he moved he endeavored

13,107 to get his 120,000 men well in hand. 54,913 Aquia Creek was made his base of supplies, and he moved the army towards 5,722,016 Fredericksburg on Nov. 10. Sumner led the movement down the left bank of the Rappahannock. By the 20th a greater See portion of Burnside's forces were opposite Fredericksburg, and their cannon com

Frazier's Farm, BATTLE GLENDALE, BATTLE OF.

OF.

manded the town. Sumner demanded the Rappahannock, its right at Port Royal surrender of the city (Nov. 21). It was refused. The bridges had been destroyed. A greater portion of the inhabitants now fled, and the town was occupied by Confederate troops. Lee's army, 80,000 strong, was upon and near the Heights of Fredericksburg by the close of November, and had planted strong batteries there. The army lay in a semicircle around Fredericksburg, each wing resting upon the

and its left 6 miles above the city. Pontoons for the construction of bridges across the Rappahannock were not received by Burnside until the first week in December. Then 60,000 National troops under Sumner and Hooker lay in front of Fredericksburg, with 150 cannon, commanded by General Hunt. The corps of Franklin, about 40,000 strong, was encamped about 2 miles below.

On the morning of Dec. 11 the engineers of the 12th a greater portion of the Nawent quietly to work to construct five tional army occupied Fredericksburg, and pontoon bridges for the passage of the on the morning of the 13th made a simulNational army. Sharp-shooters assailed taneous assault all along the line. The the engineers. The heavy ordnance of Confederates, with 300 cannon, were the Nationals on Stafford Heights opened well posted on the heights and ready for upon the town, set it on fire, and drove action. The battle was begun by a part out many troops. The sharp-shooters re- of Franklin's corps, Meade's division, supmained. They were dislodged by a party ported by Gibbon's, with Doubleday's in that crossed the river in boats, the reserve. Meade soon silenced a Confedbridges were rebuilt, and by the evening erate battery, but very soon a terrible